"Yangtze Evening News" and "Xinmin Evening News", "Qianjiang Evening News" and "Gusu Evening News" launched a special plan "to be unharmed, more exchanges - the four major evening newspapers in the Yangtze River Delta to find Song Jiangnan" theme media integration action, and successively recommended many Song Yun punch points in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. On December 30th, Yangzi Evening News live-streamed into the Nanbo New Year's Eve Exhibition "Song Yun - The Spiritual World of Scholars" exhibition, about 300 pieces of Song Dynasty cultural relics collected by 38 archaeological and cultural institutions, so that 147578 online netizens not only appreciate the serious workplace work of ordinary scholars and doctors in the Song Dynasty, but also see their exquisite and artistic daily life. What is Song Yun? Through the cloud exhibition and professional explanation, it brings netizens an intuitive and intimate feeling.
For the sake of the official rule
A document records performance appraisals, including Jiangsu's term of office
In the most conspicuous place in the exhibition hall, a long document vividly outlines the resumes of the "civil servants" of the Southern Song Dynasty from low to intermediate levels, showing the political features of the document system, official management, and government operation in the middle and late period of the Southern Song Dynasty, just like an encyclopedia of the official system of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Xu Zhili document is a paper official document buried in the tomb, and it is also the most complete paper document in the Song Dynasty. A document outlines the typical life of a middle- and lower-class bureaucrat in the Southern Song Dynasty. The owner of the tomb, Xu Zhili, was the son of Xu Bangxian, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, born in Wuyi, Wuzhou, his father Xu Bangxian died at the age of 13, and he entered the army at the age of 20 because of his father, starting as a Beijing official. After more than 30 years of eunuch career, his official rank was promoted from the thirtieth rank of "Chengwu Lang" (from Jiupin) to the eighteenth rank of "Asasa Daifu" (from Liupin).
Xu Zhili's 17-volume manuscript, with more than 23,000 words, including three categories: "Recording White Confessions", "Recording White Yellow" and "Recording White Printing Paper", completely reproduced his eunuch career. The so-called "confession", also known as the official complaint, is the appointment document issued by the imperial court to the official, and is the certificate and symbol of the official's identity.
It is understood that the national treasure documents will be displayed in two phases: the first phase will exhibit the first volume of Xu Shuli's confessional body and the first six volumes of the recorded white printing paper, and the second period will exhibit the second volume of the recorded confession, the second volume of the recorded confession, the recorded white yellow and the last six volumes of the white printing paper from January 25, 2022. According to Zhu Yuanyuan, the person in charge of the public activities of the "Song Yun" exhibition, "telling the body" is the certification of official ranks, and "Huang Huang" is the actual position he is engaged in, that is, the content of his work. Interestingly, the so-called "printing paper" is written in black and white, "No leave, no errands, no transfers", just like the performance appraisal during the term of office.
"By reading these, we can know xu Shili's work content and work achievements." Zhu Yuanyuan said that from this document, we can also see Xu Shuli's connection with Jiangsu and Nanjing. For example, the Jiankang Province part records the content of his tenure in Nanjing, while the Pingjiang Province is Suzhou. Xu Zhili once served in Wu County, Jiangsu Province, and later to Nanjing as a general judge, but unfortunately, he was transferred to the next post before he took office in Nanjing. ”
At that time, Xu Zhili's documents were rolled into a scroll, packed in a bronze container, and then wax sealed and placed next to Xu Shuli. The reason why the documents can be so intact is because there is a large amount of mercury in the tomb of Xu Zhili and his wife. The mercury that overflows the entire coffin protects the artifacts in the humid Jiangnan.
In addition, Zhu Xi's handwritten authentic work "Zhu Xi and a Certain Waiter's Book Scroll" also aroused the curiosity of netizens, through a letter from Zhu Xi and his friends, expressing Zhu Xi's idea of governing the world despite his illness in Wuyi Mountain, still caring for the world, hoping that the country would be smooth and the people would live and work in peace and contentment.
Shilin elegance,
Incense and tea are incense burned, and the taste of the world is pure joy
The literati of the Song Dynasty admired the retro style, and also reflected the elegant aesthetic taste in the way of reading and learning, poetry and painting, and entering and leaving the Buddhist way. Tao Yuanming was carried back due to a leg disease, Xie Lingyun arrived on horseback, and His Holiness Buddha Yeshe and Buddha Bhadra sat on a rock opposite each other... A silk work "Lotus Society Diagram" collected by the Nanjing Museum reproduces the scene of self-cultivation of the literati and scholars of the Song Dynasty.
Netizens sighed that watching the swastika shape of shugong in the Northern Song Dynasty produced a smoked copper smoker, you can imagine the elegant scene of the ancients reading and writing while smoking incense. Indeed, "burning incense, ordering tea, hanging paintings, and arranging flowers" were the four idle things of the Song people, and incense ranked first. The garden of flowers, the idle place of Yanju, the poetry and painting, and the Buddhist offerings are inseparable from the incense of the smoker and the smoke.
In the late Tang Dynasty, the "tea order method" began to appear, and the Song Dynasty prevailed, that is, the crushed tea powder was placed in the cup, the soup bottle was held to inject boiling water into the cup, and the tea spoon or teaspoon was beaten back and drunk. Now the audience can see the scene of "ordering tea" in costume dramas such as "Do You Know If It Should Be Green Fat Red Skinny" and "Qing Ping Le". Because the tea soup is white, with black glaze cups as the most appropriate, the Song Dynasty popular decoration rabbits, partridge spots, flares and other black glaze cups.
"The water is heavy and the mountain is rare, and the four scholars of the study room are alone." The scribe looks like a wooden box, according to the introduction, this may be related to the Song people love to write on the wall, the bottom is empty, the hand can be copied into it to hold the brick table. One of them, Hangzhou Linping Museum, collected the "Xuetang" inscription scribe-style Duanyan, in 1091, Su Dongpo went out of Zhiyingzhou as a scholar of Longtuge, and bought this Fang Yantai on the way and gave it to his eldest son Su Mai.
A group of literary rooms excavated from the tomb of Shi Shengzu in Quzhou, Zhejiang, can be seen from the literary utensils such as ink, bricks, seals, pen holders, and paperweights that accompany the burial, and can be seen as a Confucian scholar who "reads and reads books behind closed doors". Among them, the crystal pen holder is crystal clear, carved into five peaks, rolling and rolling.
Eat and drink fashion
There are "warp bottles" for wine, "vases" for flower arrangements, and chopsticks for napkins
The Literati of the Song Dynasty liked to feast and drink, and the commonly used feast supplies were bowls, plates, plates, spoons, chopsticks, chopsticks, etc., which were combined in sets and elegant and exquisite. Netizens were interested to find that the way the Song people ate and drank was very close to today's people: the silver gilt gold cloud dragon pattern bottle was equivalent to the "chopsticks" used by modern people, and a "paper flower" would be placed next to it, which is now a napkin.
A new song of wine a cup, the Song Dynasty drinking container is also quite exquisite. The bottles of different sizes, colors, and shapes used to hold wine were uniformly called "jing bottles", and this bottle was used until the Qing Dynasty to become a "plum bottle". Zhu Yuanyuan said that the idea of bottled wine actually began in the Song Dynasty. Before the Song Dynasty, people went to fight wine, generally measured with a liter or a bucket, the Song Dynasty people stored wine with "jing bottle", and the unit of measuring wine at that time was "one jing" equivalent to what we now call "a bottle". Interestingly, the concept of "vase" was mentioned for the first time in The Song Dynasty literature, which was specially used for flower arrangement, with different forms such as gall bottles and wall bottles.
A pair of small "Luo Shuangshuang" silver shoes, related to the above-mentioned Shi Shengzu. Due to the long time, the shoes are dark black, the shoes are small and delicate, and the toe is triangular. Southern Song Dynasty Yixue master Shi Shengzu made to commemorate the original Luo Shuangshuang, each shoe is made of three pieces of silver (one sole, two uppers) welded, and even have small holes to tie the laces, even the small lines of the sole are also carved out, look closely at the soles, you can also see the words "Luo Shuangshuang" engraved on it.
After the restoration of the China Silk Museum, a dress made of light and transparent Su Luo, which was first exhibited to the public, is the only surviving Song Dynasty official dress, after eight hundred years, although the color has faded, it is still glorious, enough to reflect the characteristics of Song Dynasty costumes. Its owner, Zhao Bopeng, is an extraordinary identity, the seventh grandson of the Song Taizu, and his tomb is buried with dragon jade bi, crystal rings, incense boxes, and 76 pieces of silk fabrics, which fully reflect the official clothes and daily wear of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Song Dynasty advocated simplicity and elegance, although there was no bright pattern on the clothes, but a closer look can be found that the gold drapery on it is very meticulously woven. Zhu Yuanyuan said that at the time of excavation, Zhao Bopeng wore a total of 8 layers of clothes, and this exhibition exhibited the outermost layer. In addition, there is a diamond checkered pattern qi open crotch single pants, the main fabric is twill flowered qi, the diamond pattern seems to imply auspicious stacking, and the auxiliary fabric is silk.
What is "Song Yun"?
Pan Sheng, a professor in the History Department of Southern Normal University, also watched the exhibition through live broadcasting. During the interview, he told reporters that the Song Dynasty scholars and doctors were in a golden age of popularization of education, prosperity of the imperial examination, and benign operation of the civil service system, and they advocated the spirit of "taking the world as their own responsibility", which not only condensed and formed the cultural genes of Chinese social morality and rationality, but also showed the ultimate value pursuit of traditional Chinese literati, influencing and shaping a large number of outstanding intellectuals such as Fan Zhongyan, Su Dongpo, Lu You, Lü Zuqian, Wen Tianxiang and so on. The most prominent highlight of the spirit of the scholar is that "the world is worried before the world, and the world is happy after the world is happy", and thus outstanding political figures such as Kou Zhun, Bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, and Zong Ze also emerged in the Song Dynasty.
What is Song Yun? Different people will have different views, and the exhibits exhibited by Nanbo this time can be seen in general, it is based on the developed social economy of the Song Dynasty, the meticulous bureaucracy, the wealth of the gentry class, the developed technology and production, on the one hand, even the daily necessities of the middle and lower-class scholars and doctors are exquisite and elegant, with both good practical functions and very strong artistic expression. Exquisite artifacts, such as golden Capricorn amphora cups and plates, silver gilted golden cloud dragon pattern bottles; these exquisite and elegant items, from the study room to the tea set, from the clothing (luo shirt, goldfish bag decoration) to the smoker, such as stone carved rhinoceros paperweight, Jingdezhen blue and white glazed bowl and statue, leaving a lot of space for the audience to imagine the elegant daily life of the Song Dynasty doctors.
On the other hand, Xu Zhili's documents allow us to see the physical objects of the Song Dynasty bureaucratic appointment and dismissal system after a thousand years, and directly feel all aspects of the Song Dynasty's state governance system; and the manuscript of the letter written by the theoretician Zhu Xi to the people of the time allows us to see that the famous scholars of the Song Dynasty exchanged views and chatted with each other in this way; the "Obscure Zhu Wen Gong anThology" submitted by Song Carved Yuanming can be seen that the exquisite engraving and printing at that time is a proof of the prosperity and development of culture. It is worth mentioning that the antique bronzes in the exhibition, although they cannot be compared with the pre-Qin bronzes, but it relies on the background of the prosperity of epigraphy, and the bronzes in the cellar of Rulin Village in Huzhou exhibited this time are based on the imitation of the Shang Father Yiding in the "Xuanhe Bogutu", and are also an important contribution of the Song Dynasty to ancient Chinese culture.
Yangtze Evening News/Purple Cow News reporter Zhang Nan