The number one hero of the Qin state in unifying the land of China is naturally none other than the Qin army, which is known as the "division of tigers and wolves.", in the words of Han Feizi, a famous representative figure of the French family: "The Qin army has not been invincible in battle, it has not been won in attack, and it has not been broken." According to the statistics of Sima Qian's "Records of History", from the year before the Shang Martingale changed the law to strengthen Qin and Qin Shi Huang succeeded to the throne, the Qin state and the six kingdoms of Shandong fought a total of 65 wars, won 58 total victories, beheaded 1.29 million ranks, pulled up 147 cities, and slightly 14 counties. After Qin Shi Huang launched the war to destroy the country and unify, the scale of the war was further expanded, and Wang Qi sent an army of 600,000 at a time when he destroyed Chu, almost hollowing out the entire country.
During the Warring States period, although agricultural production technology has got rid of the original model of slash-and-burn farming, the output per unit area is still very limited, and a large number of manpower is still needed to ensure the supply of tens of thousands of military grains.
He began serving in the military at the age of 15
According to the Qin law, when a Qin man reaches the age of 15, he has to go through the registration formalities - "Fu Yuan" and integrate himself into the "cultivation war" system of the whole country. The men after the "Bo Nationality", known as the "more pawns", are equivalent to the reserve soldiers, and then they have to serve 1 month of labor every year, although they do not receive military training, but they have to undertake road construction, river management, canal opening, water transportation, transportation of materials and other work in their hometown. Through this collective work, they cultivate their team spirit, cooperation ability, management and coordination ability, and develop the habit of observing discipline and obeying orders.
Receive various military training
At about the age of 20, the "more pawn" will be transformed into a "regular pawn", first serving in the local army for a year, responsible for local defense and security, while receiving a full range of military training. The first is to walk in the queue, so that everyone can be positioned and keep the line neat; Left and right, all in line; Sit up and kneel, and obey orders; Hurry up and slow, and follow the rules of moderation.
The second is the training of signal recognition. It is to learn how to understand the command intentions of the generals by listening to the sound of the golden drum and watching the shaking of the flag on the vast battlefield. It is necessary to ensure that the drum is sounded and the action is decided according to the priority of the drum; the sound of the drum is retreated, and according to the order of the golden tone, it is decided when to stop and when to retreat. In addition, there is training in military formations, including circular arrays for circular defense; Sparse arrays for bluffing and spreading formations; Several arrays used to concentrate forces for defense; Cone formations for assault; The geese array used to encircle and pinch the enemy; It is used to cover the flanks of the hook line and so on.
Ideas try to strengthen the physique
Through this series of trainings, Qin soldiers and soldiers gradually grew from an ignorant recruit to a qualified soldier, adapted to the position of their own team in the army, knew how to concentrate or disperse, mastered the changes of various formations and the skills of deploying positions in various complex terrains such as mountains, hills, rivers, and so on. In order to enhance its physique, in addition to martial arts training such as hand-to-hand combat and wrestling, the Qin Army often organizes various forms of military sports activities such as "Keju", "Stone Throwing", and "Distance". Among them, "Keju" is similar to modern rugby. "Throwing stones, overtaking" is to throw boulders and jump high and long jumps, which can carry out high-intensity polishing of physical fitness.
After 1 year of strict military training, these Qin soldiers will carry out targeted training in different branches of soldiers such as infantry (material soldiers), cavalry (knights), vehicle soldiers (light vehicles) and sailors (building boat soldiers) according to their personal level and national needs, and transfer them to the battle of shu pawns, the service period is also 1 year, and their destinations are two: First, they will become border guards, defend the frontier in peacetime, and expand their territory in wartime; The second is to become a "guard" and go to Xianyang, the capital of the Suwei Empire. After a one-year period of service, these people will return to their hometowns to re-enlist in the reserves, serving regularly for 1 month each year. When needed, he was re-recruited until he celebrated his 60th birthday.