This article is written by: Spring Plum Fox
A few days ago, everyone was busy wishing Wang Anshi a happy 1,000th birthday, and then I found that the portraits of Wang Anshi used by everyone were not the same, so I simply talked about the "image of Wang Anshi".
This topic may be a bit boring, and trying to be interested can probably be seen as "the exploration and reproduction of the true image of the ancients". Ah, a change of title really looks a lot taller!
△ Screenshot of Wang Anshi's 1000th birthday
Generally speaking, a big man like Wang Anshi, who has been an official, will leave a portrait, but it is not necessarily left by Wang Anshi, but it may also be left by Wang Anshi's descendants and our ancestors.
To put it simply, the celebrity images we can see can be divided into two categories, one is a personal portrait with a more correct image, both full body and half body, generally included in ancestral halls, genealogies, works collections and celebrity portrait records, the other will be incidental situation, casual posture, mostly in the form of storytelling literati paintings. Because the former's identity is more certain and its own use is more serious, it is mostly used in textbooks and this "birthday party".
For example, in the special reading promotion activity of "Looking Back at Wang Anshi in the Millennium - Commemorating the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth" held by the National Library of China, the image of Wang Anshi is obviously different from the Song Dynasty decoration, but a Ming Dynasty dress.
△ Image source: Xinhua Net
△ The National Museum holds a stone statue of Wang An
This portrait is rumored to have been hung in the "Jingguo Gong Ancestral Hall" in Fuzhou, "the only facsimile of his portrait before his death". The "Jingguo Ancestral Hall", which is now the Fuzhou Wang Anshi Memorial Hall, was originally the former residence of An Shi's ancestors, built as an ancestral hall after his death, which was bombed by the Japanese army in the 1940s and demolished in the 1960s.
In the middle of the main shrine, a portrait of Wang Anshi is enshrined, "wearing a hat and belt, and the spirit is like life". This portrait is a copy copied from the wall of the Jinling Dinglin Nunnery by the children of the Wang clan, and accompanied by a portrait of Wang Anshi's wife Wu Shi, which is enshrined in the ancestral hall together, and after the Dinglin Nunnery was destroyed by water, this facsimile of the portrait of Wang Anshi, which has been preserved by the descendants of the Wang clan, has become a precious cultural relic, which has been handed over to the National Museum for collection after liberation.
Although many sources mention that this facsimile is a copy of the Song Dynasty, as long as you understand the history of clothing, you can clearly find that there are doubts. The poster in the "A Thousand Years and a Moment - Special Exhibition on the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth" held by the Jiangxi Museum this time appeared almost the same image, even more complete than the facsimile of the National Museum. The Jiangxi Museum collection of this one is clearly written as the Ming Dynasty Wang An stone statue axis.
△ Image source: Jiangxi Museum
△ Jiangxi Museum Collection Ming Dynasty Wang An Stone Statue Axis
But this image is still unfamiliar to us, and even before that, it was not clear which one was on the national museum. What is more well known and printed into some textbooks is also more in line with everyone's imagination of Wang Anshi's image.
△ Song Cheng Xiang Wang Jing Gong'an Stone
This "Portrait of The Sages and Celebrities of the Past Dynasties" from the Nanxun Hall is more in the Style of the Song Dynasty, and even some comic strips and sculptures related to Wang Anshi are also derived from this portrait.
The South Kaoru Hall is a place where the image of ancient celebrities is often mentioned, because most of the images of the empress, famous courtiers, and sages that we can see so far come from this place. During the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty, the portraits of the former dynasty in the Ministry of Internal Affairs were sorted out, and the damaged and missing ones were repaired and reloaded, and then hidden in the South Kaoru Hall, of which the portraits of the empress of Song Yuanming were relatively complete, and these were often quoted by scholars when discussing.
There are still differences between scholars' citations and image shaping, especially this image seems to be very much in line with people's imagination of Wang Anshi, but in fact, it represents his age and identity. Once a similar character appears, it will be blurred, such as the portrait of Fan Zhongyun in the same "Portrait of the Sages and Celebrities of the Past", which is probably just a fat point.
△ Song participated in the government of Fan Wenzheng Gongzhong drowned
Scholars still have some controversy over when these portraits of the Nanxun Hall were painted, which were painted by the Ming Dynasty, and which were supplemented by the Qing Dynasty, and this controversy can even be accurate to a certain portrait. Like Wang Anshi's "Portraits of Sages and Celebrities of Past Dynasties", it is basically considered to be painted by the Ming Dynasty, but it is not necessarily original to the Ming Dynasty, and there is a certain similarity compared with the portrait of the Song Emperor generally believed to be painted by the Southern Song Dynasty, so the Ming Dynasty painters may have referred to the Version of the Song Dynasty.
△ Statue of Song Zhezong
It is a pity that due to historical reasons, the portraits of the Nanxun Hall are now stored in the Forbidden City in Beijing, the National Museum, the National Palace in Taipei, etc., mostly the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and some that have been recorded but have not been traced so far.
In addition, there is a relatively rare, but more casual image of Wang Anshi, from the Qing Dynasty Shangguan Zhou's "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography". In fact, the Qing dynasty painted many celebrity portraits, which can also be regarded as an important source of ancient image. Because the Costumes of the Qing Dynasty have undergone greater subversive changes than before, many images can also be seen as blueprints.
△ Shangguan Zhou's "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography"
However, this image of Wang Anshi is not only unpopular, but also easy to misidentify, believing that nine out of ten people will call him "Su Dongpo". This is because compared with the blurred image of Wang Anshi, the typical image of Su Dongpo, the "top stream" of the ancients, is very distinct, that is, the scribe wearing a Dongpo scarf, although this image has never belonged to Su Dongpo alone, but it does not prevent everyone from thinking that Su Dongpo should be like this.
△ Ming Qiuying, Chibi Tu
△ Qing Cai Jia, Mr. Dongpo portrait
Although the image left by Su Shi, there is also a category of Dai Kasa wearing sandals, but it may be that the name of the Dongpo scarf is called this, and it is not appropriate not to give Su Shi, so Su Shi's image is always inseparable from this.
△ Su Shi's image of Kasa
Here to insert a mouth, Wang Anshi's first image is wearing the Ming Dynasty hat that stirred up several storms in the circle of drama fans a while ago, and Su Shi's image of the hat is also the hat that will be mentioned in the storm. In fact, a few more glances at these portraits can understand that there is a difference between them, no matter which one wants to confuse the audience with the image in Korean dramas is not so easy, provided that it is done honestly. Therefore, the joints in those storms do not care about history at all, and are simply within the scope of film and television drama production. The question is, why don't film and television dramas make these things that are not easy to confuse, will they not, can't, or don't want to?
Returning to the question of image, what "Su Shi" has to do is how to break the stereotype, similar to the "Difficult to Restore "Qiu Jin": Historical Figures on the Screen, Should They Be Realistic or Symbolic? What "Wang Anshi" has to do is how to establish an image that the audience can understand, remember, and accept. This requires placing the characters in a story-like situation, which is the second type of image.
△ Documentary "Su Dongpo"
△ Statue of Wang Anshi Memorial Hall
Although the images of "Su Shi" and "Wang Anshi" have their own emphases, they actually often appear together, after all, the two are in the same era, and at least since the beginning of the meta-drama, Wang Anshi has played the villain in Su Shi's story.
Since this year's 1000th birthday of Wang Anshi coincided with the fourth and sixth grade examinations, the students played a wave of stems, perhaps giving everyone the illusion that Wang Anshi, the ancients, was still quite cute, but he was not a particularly positive image in the Notes of the Song Dynasty, and also used animals such as "feng", "wild fox" and "chicken" to demonize it. There is even a blame for the death of the Song on his head, and people who love Wang Anshi on the Internet will call this joke "Great Song Demon Concubine Wang Anshi", haha
Wang Anshi also has a call called "Awkward Xianggong", that is, his personality is stubborn and narrow-minded. In the Ming Dynasty's "Cautionary Tales", there are two stories about Wang Anshi, one praise and one depreciation. Among them, "Drinking and Hating the Mid-Levels Hall" is based on the Song dynasty script, which tells that on his way out of office as prime minister, he heard the people's evaluation of his new law, and it was almost all a voice of resentment. Another piece of "Wang Anshi Three Difficulties Su Bachelor" or for Feng Menglong spent a lot of effort to adapt or original, of which Su Shi's image is a somewhat proud talent, and Wang Anshi is portrayed as a talented old man, almost turning their images around.
Books such as the Ming Dynasty are generally equipped with prints, so you can see some of the scenes in these two stories. Although the characters in the prints are generally more decent, they can also outline the general appearance in combination with the storyline.
△ Wang Anshi Sannan Su Bachelor
△ Oh Xianggong drinks and hates The Mid-Levels Hall
In addition to the stories with a playful nature, there are also some paintings that pin the ideals of the literati.
For example, the Ming Dynasty's "Picture of the Qi Yingsheng Society" that will be produced at the "A Thousand Lifetimes in a Moment - Special Exhibition on the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth" shows a gathering of scholars and doctors led by Sima Guang who opposed Wang Anshi's new law. So tragic or Wang Anshi miserable, one of the blockbuster exhibits of his thousandth birthday turned out to be a small group photo of boycotting himself.
△ Ming Dynasty Qi Yingshenghui diagram
The paintings on this subject are not only this one, but the National Palace Museum in Taipei also contains a "Picture of the Luoyang Qi Ying Hui by the Song Dynasty", and it is said that the Henan Provincial Museum tried to take the "Wenlu Gongqi Ying Hui Tu" (the transaction price was 198 million), which shows the status of this Luoyang gathering in the hearts of the literati.
△ The Song dynasty painted the Luoyang Qi Ying Hui map
Although there is no Wang Anshi in the figure in the painting (Wang Anshi is an object of exclusion, haha), the image of Wang Anshi can be reflected from it. It is worth noting that these paintings are not necessarily historical realistic makeup, because they are often not made in the contemporary era at the time, and they were born in the form of works of art, which can be used by reference to shape the ancients, but as a reference, it is prudent to be cautious.
In addition, the popular themes related to Wang Anshi's paintings are "Four Phases of Hairpin Flowers" and "Hairpin Flowers into the Lord", allusions from Han Qi's invitation to Wang Anshi and others to enjoy the flowers, and then all four of them became prime ministers. The color head of this is too good, so the related paintings were even more endless in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
△ Qing Huang Shen, Hairpin Flower into the Lord
△ Qing Huang Shen, Han Wei Gong Qi Jin Belt Enclosure
The person depicted in these paintings is not Wang Anshi, and the image is very similar to Wang Anshi in the aforementioned "Late Laughing Hall Painting Biography", which basically represents the feelings of the Qing Dynasty people about it.
Many people will ignore the painting materials of the Qing Dynasty because the era of the Qing Dynasty painters is more distant from Wang Anshi and the value of the evidence is smaller. In fact, Qing Dynasty paintings are not useless, on the contrary, the Qing Dynasty's shaping of the image of the ancients almost laid the default setting for the image of the ancients in later generations (ah, it is us), which is an image that does not conform to historical reality but is very in line with historical imagination.
Such words can often be heard in the reproduction and interpretation of historical figures and historical stories, and it is necessary to find a balance between history and imagination, reality and beauty. Many people think that the former is difficult, in fact, the former is easy, find a good consultant, listen to the consultant to do, the basic pass line is no problem. The difficult thing is the latter one, "imagination" and "beauty" are things that cannot be grasped, but they are not without a trace. "Imagination" is based on cognition, and "beauty" is based on understanding, which can be dissected layer by layer. There is only one real Wang Anshi in history, but the Wang Anshi in the story can be "Great Song Humerus" or "Great Song Demon Concubine", which all affect his image shaping.
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