He is the most well-known official in ancient times and the present, and he is the spiritual sustenance of the people of Li Min in calling for clean officials and hoping to rule the world; his spiritual strength of being as clean as water, just as a mountain, and a righteous spirit is passed on by word of mouth among the people; in the opera and film programs, he presides over justice with the people as the foundation, and is interpreted as the embodiment of fairness and justice. He is Bao Zheng. About Bao Zheng's word of mouth, novels, drama and music, and even contemporary films and television have played out many stories of his honesty and honesty, and the results of the interpretation have made Bao Gong's image more plump, even deified and legendary. Bao Gong "Bao Qingtian" has become an ideal figure for people to pin down and hope for. Among the 18 existing Yuan Dynasty public case dramas, 11 kinds of bao public trial cases are written and sentenced, such as Guan Hanqing's "Bao Waiting for The System of Wisdom to Cut Lu Zailang" and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, 100 kinds of Bao Gong operas accounted for 10 kinds of "Selected YuanQu"; open the "Preliminary Investigation of Peking Opera Repertoire", you can find 34 Bao Gong plays.
Almost all the film and television dramas related to Bao Zheng, Bao Daren is a big black face, and he never smiles. In this regard, folklore says that Bao Zheng was born with a dark face, and when he grew up, he became a black-faced man, and he was just and upright as an official, so he was called "Black-faced Bao Gong". Because Bao Zheng does not pretend to please others (not to be pretentious and pleasing), coupled with the fact that officials are not afraid of power, do not favor personal feelings, and treat them equally, they are called "iron faces". The iron face in the opera is the black face, which is used to show loyalty, selflessness and courage. Over time, Bao Zheng was also depicted as a big black face.
Bao Zheng was born in a famous and prestigious family, did not have the legendary ups and downs, nor was he raised by his brother and sister-in-law, but his parents were both complete and pampered, and he received a good Confucian education from an early age. Bao Zheng (包拯), courtesy name Xiren, was born in the second year of Emperor Zhenzong of Song's Xianping dynasty (May 28, 999) in Hefei, Luzhou (present-day Feidong, Hefei, Anhui). In the fifth year (1027) of Emperor Renzong of Song's reign, the 29-year-old Bao Zheng was appointed as a Dali commentator and appointed as the governor of Jianchang County (present-day Yongxiu, Jiangxi). Because Bao Zheng's hometown is Hefei, Luzhou, the place where Bao Zheng took office is too far away from his hometown. Bao Zheng's parents are inconvenient to move because of their old age, and they are also suffering from diseases, and they need to take medicine all year round, and they are not willing to follow Bao Zheng to other places. Bao Zheng felt that his parents were older and indeed not suitable for long-distance travel, so he took the initiative to resign from his official position and take care of his parents at home. Take good care of your parents and take good care of your parents. Every time the emperor mentioned Bao Zheng, he praised Bao Zheng and praised Bao Zheng as a model. Other officials were also touched by Bao Zheng's filial piety and continued to praise Bao Zheng's virtues.
In the first year of the Qing calendar (1041), the 42-year-old Bao Zheng was transferred to the prefect of Duanzhou (端州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Duanzhou produced Yantai, which was not only a treasure in the eyes of the Literati of the Song Dynasty, but also a tribute to the imperial court. Previous prefects took advantage of the fact that most of the tributes were paid to the imperial magnates with a number of times the number of tributes. But Bao Zheng broke this unspoken rule for many years, only in accordance with the prescribed quantity of production of duanyan, no one is allowed to increase the number of private?, violators are severely punished. This is a very normal thing for Bao Zheng, who is just and unsophisticated, and he does not know how many people have been offended. Bao Zheng did not take a side yantai home for a year. Bao Zheng, an alternative official who did not understand the way of being an official, did not understand the unspoken rules, and was incompatible with his colleagues, was appreciated by the emperor because of the "Duanyan Incident". In the third year of the Qing calendar (1043), he entered the capital and served as the middle servant of the temple. Later, he was recommended by Gongchen, the King of Yushizhong, to supervise Yushi.
According to the current situation of the government at that time, Bao Zheng put forward many criticisms of the country's internal and foreign affairs; he had to exercise his right of supervision and impeach him for illegal and unreasonable things at all levels of the imperial court. According to statistics, there are no less than 30 important ministers who have been demoted, dismissed, and brought to justice under his impeachment, and sometimes they are often played repeatedly for one person and one case, and there is a great momentum of not giving up until the goal is achieved, and the people who are impeached by him are all the powerful people of the dynasty. He impeached the cool official Wang Kui 7 times, and finally pulled this favored minister off the horse; he impeached Yan Shiliang, the eunuch who was the closest confidant of Emperor Renzong, for "guarding and stealing"; he impeached Guo Chengyou, the emperor's relative, 4 times, so that Emperor Renzong could hardly step down; he impeached the prime minister Song Itch, who was a person of high morals and was really not at fault, but Bao Zheng impeached him as a heavy minister but achieved nothing...
Song Renzong was an enlightened emperor, and it was his honor for Bao Zheng to live in this dynasty, and the two were simply a perfect match. During Bao Zheng's tenure as an inspector of imperial history and advisory, he repeatedly violated Yan Zhi's advice, and the spit stars splashed on Song Renzong's face. Despite this, Song Renzong wiped his face with his sleeve while accepting his suggestion, and did not blame this iron-faced selfless person. Bao Zheng has made a difference in the official field, the most famous of which is to serve as the governor of Kaifeng Province, where Bao Zheng has solved many cases. This made many powerful people very afraid of Bao Zheng, and it was precisely because the emperor was very appreciative of Bao Zheng. He has his own principles in doing things, which will make the emperor trust him like this. In the courtroom, Bao Zheng dared to explain his true thoughts to the emperor in front of many officials, and consulted the corrupt officials of the imperial court.
Once, when he wanted to remove Zhang Guifei's uncle from his official position, the emperor was also very embarrassed. At this time, it was Just when Bao Zheng stood up that this matter was resolved. I have to say that Bao Zheng is not afraid of anyone, although the offending emperor is still secretly happy in his heart. Just helped me solve this matter, above the court, Bao Zheng's spirit of outspoken advice. It is also what Song Renzong values, he is really good for the country.
In June of the third year of Jiayou (1058), he was promoted to the position of Right Counselor and Quan Ren (御史中丞). Bao Zhengshang said: "The position of crown prince has been vacant for a long time, and everyone in the world is worried about this, why has Your Majesty not made a decision for such a long time?" Emperor Renzong asked him, "Who do you think is better to establish?" Bao Zheng replied, "The subordinates are incompetent and have not yet considered it, and the minister's request to establish the crown prince early is for the sake of the great plan of the Zongmiao Temple." His Majesty asked the subject who he wanted to appoint, and this was a suspicious subject. The subject is already sixty years old, and he has no sons, so he is not thinking about inviting favors for himself and his descendants! Emperor Renzong was overjoyed to hear this and said, "This matter will be discussed slowly." ”
In May of the seventh year of Jiayou (1062), Bao Zheng suddenly fell ill while he was in the Privy Council. On the 24th of the same month (July 3), Bao Zheng died of illness at the age of 64. Emperor Renzong personally came to mourn and gave him a day to quit the dynasty. Posthumously presented the Ministry of Rites Shangshu, with the posthumous title of Filial Piety. Bao Zheng once said: "Future generations of eunuchs who commit abuse of stolen goods shall not be released to their own families; after their death (mò), they shall not be buried in the yíng." Not from my will, not from my descendants. Gǒng (gǒng) carved stone and erected on the east wall of the hall house to illuminate future generations. As a family training of Bao Gong, this passage was engraved on a stone stele and erected in the hall house, as an "inscription" that strictly requires future generations, and enlightens the present people. At present, this family training of Bao Gong is still in the Bao Gong Ancestral Hall in Hefei, showing the comers.