The reason for the abolition of the Tang Dynasty system! How to evaluate the system of sending Tang envoys

From 630 AD to 894 AD, more than a dozen Envoys were dispatched to learn the politics, economy and culture of the Tang Empire, which promoted the development process of the entire Japanese society and promoted the cultural exchanges between China and Japan. So what is the historical background of the Tang envoys?

Speaking of the historical background of Japan's dispatch of Tang envoys, we must start from the middle of the fourth century, when the Yamato court basically unified the Japanese islands, and the Japanese king paid tribute to the Southern Dynasty of China many times and requested a title. In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty unified China, ending the situation of division and turmoil, and the socio-economic and cultural development was rapid. At that time, Japan was the regent of Prince Shengde, who was a politician who worked hard to govern and was keen on reform, and in order to learn from China's advanced culture, he sent four envoys to the Tang Dynasty to learn a series of excellent systems of the Sui Dynasty, which also became the beginning of the later dispatch of Tang envoys.

In 618, the Tang Dynasty destroyed the Sui Dynasty and established a huge empire. The economic and cultural prosperity of the Tang Empire was unprecedented, becoming a very powerful empire in the world at that time, and the Tang Empire was also famous. Since Japan had sent four missions before this, in the face of such a powerful Tang Empire, their admiration and enthusiasm for learning were also unprecedented. In 623, huiqi and huiri, Japanese monks who had returned from the Tang Dynasty reported to the Japanese emperor the many advantages of the Tang Empire and suggested sending a mission to study. Therefore, the Japanese government at that time organized a huge delegation to send Tang Dynasty envoys, sent outstanding talents to serve as envoys, and took international students and students to the Tang Empire.

In 630, Emperor Shu ordered the dispatch of the first batch of Tang envoys, totaling more than 200 people, and the road to sendIng Tang envoys to China to study officially began. The above is the main historical background of the Tang envoys.

The meaning of sending Tang envoys

The system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty is a very significant foreign learning system in Japanese history, which has promoted the development of Japanese society and also promoted cultural exchanges between China and Japan. So what is the meaning of sending Tang envoys?

As the name suggests, sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty means that during the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent envoys to China to study Chinese politics, economy and culture. From the end of the seventh century to the end of the ninth century, for about two hundred and sixty years, Japan sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty more than a dozen times, regardless of the number, scale, time, and content, which can be regarded as a grand event in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. The first Tang envoy was sent by Emperor Shuming of Japan in 630 AD, and by 894 AD, the Japanese imperial court had appointed a total of nineteen envoys to the Tang Dynasty, but in the end there were several times that they did not come to China, and there were a total of twelve Tang envoys who arrived in China. It was not until 894, the sixth year of The Japanese Emperor, that Sugawara Michimasa advised the Japanese Emperor to stop sending Envoys.

The contribution of the Envoys sent by Japan to the cultural exchanges between China and Japan was extremely significant, and in fact it was the first climax of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. After offering tribute to the Tang Emperor, he would be received and rewarded by the Emperor, of course, the Tang Dynasty at that time faced Japan's active learning, coupled with the psychological factors of the Heavenly Dynasty, every time he would let the Tang Envoy go back with rich gifts, which can be described as a full load. Initially, the number of envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty was more than two hundred, but gradually increased to more than five hundred, of course, only the main members of them would be allowed to enter the capital Chang'an. When the Envoys sent to The Tang Dynasty generally stayed in Chang'an and the interior for about a year, they could fully feel the customs and customs of the Tang Dynasty, buy the books and other items they needed, and when the Tang envoys returned to Japan, the Tang Dynasty would send people to send them to the coast in order to show the demeanor of the great country. It is worth noting that the Envoys of Japan to the Tang Dynasty are not the same as the envoys of other vassal countries, they are not tributary envoys, and they are not subject to the Tang Dynasty.

The above is a brief introduction of the Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty, I think everyone must understand the meaning of the envoys, the contribution of the envoys to Japan is self-evident, promoting the development of Japan's philology and political and economic system, of course, the envoys to the Tang envoys are also indispensable to the spread of Chinese culture.

The reason for the abolition of the Tang dynasty system

The dispatch of the Tang Envoy was a very great initiative in Japanese history, and it has gradually become a system, which lasted more than 260 years from the first to the last. Through studying in the Tang Dynasty, the envoys of the Tang Dynasty imitated the political, economic and cultural systems of the Tang Dynasty after returning to China, established their own relevant systems, and promoted the development of Japanese society. However, in the end, the system of dispatching Tang envoys was abolished, so what was the reason for the abolition of the system of dispatching Tang envoys? Let's explore the reasons for the abolition of the System of Sending Tang Envoys.

First of all, the abolition of the System of Sending Envoys to the Tang Dynasty was in 895 AD, and the most important reason was that the Tang Dynasty was nearing its end and the domestic political situation was turbulent. This made it impossible for the Japanese envoys to come to China to receive the same high treatment as before, and naturally they could not learn anything useful in the face of the turbulent political situation, and even their personal safety could not be guaranteed. Therefore, the envoys to the Tang Dynasty were reluctant to come to the Tang Dynasty at this time, and it was only natural that the system of sending the Tang envoys was abolished.

Second, the System of Sending Envoys to the Tang Dynasty has gone through more than two hundred and sixty years, learned and absorbed advanced Chinese culture, and imitated many Tang Dynasty systems, and japan's domestic reforms have been basically completed, so Japan's demand for Chinese culture is no longer as urgent as it was at the beginning. Therefore, it is not very necessary to send another Envoy to Tang.

Third, the cost of Sending Tang envoys to China by Japan was enormous, which was a considerable expense for the Japanese government, and it was difficult to block the road and needed to cross the ocean, and many envoys were also afraid of this. The last point is that because the dispatch of Tang envoys promoted exchanges between China and Japan, the trade between the two countries has also continued to develop, Japan's small land resources are insufficient, and the Tang Dynasty's trade with Japan has been increasing.

Combining the above four points, the system of sending envoys to The Tang Dynasty has lost its value of existence, so in 894 AD, Emperor Utah accepted the request of the Ambassador of the Tang Dynasty and officially abolished the system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty. These are the reasons for the abolition of the System of Dispatching Tang Envoys.

The evaluation of the Envoy of the Tang Dynasty

The system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty is a model of friendly exchanges between China and Japan in history, and the envoys sent to China to study have brought back advanced culture, systems, arts, and skills to Japan and promoted the transformation of Japanese society. At the same time, it also promoted the spread of Chinese culture and expanded China's trade market. So how do people evaluate the system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty today? Let's take a look at the evaluation of the Tang envoys.

First of all, an important point in people's evaluation of Japan as a country is that they are good at learning, and they have a strong ability to learn. At that time, Japan knew the strength of the Tang Empire and wanted to promote its own domestic reforms and strengthen its own strength through the study of the Tang Dynasty's cultural system. All along, people's evaluation of the tang envoys has been very high, and they have always agreed that the dispatch of the Tang envoys was a very wise decision made by the Japanese government at that time.

Of course, for those envoys who crossed the ocean to the Tang Dynasty, people also gave a high evaluation, they worked tirelessly, in order to learn the advanced Tang culture, it can be said that they trekked thousands of miles through mountains and rivers. After sending Tang envoys to Chang'an, they were also very religious, as long as they thought it was useful, they would learn it, and when they returned to China, they would also bring back important historical books and institutional regulations.

Of course, the evaluation of the Envoys to the Tang Dynasty is not all positive, there are also negative ones, such as the Envoys who sent the Tang Envoys to China to learn Chinese culture, and many things after returning to China were imitated by the Tang Dynasty, but they were not substantively innovated according to their own national conditions. After all, China's thousand-year-old culture is broad and profound, and what the Tang envoys learned can only be regarded as superficial.

In short, people's evaluation of the envoys to the Tang Dynasty is two-sided, on the one hand, they affirm the contribution of the envoys to the cultural exchanges between the two countries and the promotion of social processes, and on the other hand, they deny that the envoys only copied and copied the unmade practices. These are some of the evaluations that people have made about sending Tang envoys.

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