Author: Growing flowers knows the rise and fall
introduction:
There is a kind of person in history who has let go
Sun Yat-sen
Disgusted rebuke:
"After the Chinese revolution, did we reach a representative form of government? What about the benefits of the acquired civil rights? Everyone knows that the current representatives have all become piglet parliamentarians, who have money to sell themselves and share the booty and greed, which is despised by the people of the whole country. ”
Piglet MP
The origin of the name was proposed by Sun Yat-sen in 1924, during the era of the Changing King Banner at the head of the city, the Pig Boy Parliamentarian
Refers to the representatives of parliamentarians who accept bribes and are driven by interests to make some contrary to the will of the people
But this phenomenon did not appear out of thin air, after Sun Yat-sen gave way to President Yuan Shikai, before the assassination of Song Jiaoren, the then members of the National Assembly were still quite bloody, daring to impeach Yuan Shikai for the illegal actions made, of course, this later caused Yuan Shikai's dissatisfaction, in order to continue to be elected as the president, in addition to the aforementioned assassination of Song Jiaoren, he also sent a large number of military police to surround the parliament, using means including but not limited to intimidation, threats, bribes, etc., thus, the Republic of China Parliament did not discuss, the election was not elected, It has completely become a tool manipulated by Yuan Shikai.
Yuan Shikai
So why did Yuan Shikai manipulate the parliament, but money became the threshold for every Beiyang government to come to power, and the parliamentarians were not reduced to tools manipulated by warlords and politicians?
Except for Yuan Shikai, every subsequent Beiyang government could not escape the cycle of borrowing money, spending money, and then borrowing money again
The helmsman of the Beiyang Group
After his death, great internal changes occurred, the Beijing regime changed frequently as day and night, in just 18 years, there were 38 cabinets, the shortest was only 6 days, and what was more fatal was that each new government came to power, did not recognize the debts left by the predecessors, but continued to ask for loans from the banks, which could hurt the banks that issued loans, ushering in a wave of collapses one after another.
Whether it was the previous Beiyang government or Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government, the central government's fiscal revenue was nothing more than customs duties, salt taxes, and local land grants; when Yuan Shikai was in power, all local officials could still listen to his dispatches and receive taxes paid by some localities every year, but when Duan Qirui came to power, he was dumbfounded, and the local warlords not only did not even hand over the previous money, but also asked him for money, and Duan Qirui's central government almost closed its doors. One might ask, isn't there a tariff and a salt tax? Yes, but the tariffs are controlled by foreigners, and the salt tax is completely encroached upon by the localities, according to the data,
In 1926, the local provincial warlords withheld taxes of up to 37 million yuan, and only 9 million yuan was handed over to Beijing, and Duan Qirui's central government had become an empty shell by this time.
Beijing, Republic of China
Faced with such a dilemma, what should the Beijing government do? Don't worry, every time they do something, they don't surprise us, they don't have money to borrow, even if they have considered their ability to repay the loan financially. So they first targeted the domestic banks, but the domestic banks were frightened by the warlords, no matter what attractive conditions they proposed, the lending banks just did not agree to give money, this is no way, the Beiyang government did not have money to the army, the staff of the government departments to pay wages, they can only be paralyzed, do not know whose idea it was at that time, with the domestic salt tax and tariffs as a guarantee, to borrow from the West, to their ecstatic is that they really borrowed, from 1921 to 1926, the Beiyang government played a crazy role." The spirit of borrowing and borrowing,"
It has borrowed more than 1.2 billion yuan
, financially for the time being, it has been alleviated. As the saying goes, it is easy to spend money and it is difficult to earn money, and after just a few years, the finances of the Beiyang government have fallen into difficulties.
So, where did all this money go? This is closely related to the piglet parliamentarian we are going to talk about today.
Duan Qirui borrowed money from the Western powers
Ambitious warlords cannot come to power without money from Congress and the treasury
In ancient times, the country had the highest ruling power of the emperor, but after the Xinhai Revolution, the term emperor became history, replaced by a democratic electoral system, if a person wants to be elected as the administrator or important official of the Republic of China at that time, he must first get the votes of the members of the National Assembly, so these parliamentarians have become the fragrant food of the Beiyang politicians and warlords. In 1923, the direct family defeated Zhang Zuolin of the Feng clan, and the direct line cao Kun's ambitions became more and more inflated, and he wanted to be the president, but although he had guns and cannons, those politicians were not at all cold, was it because these parliamentarians finally found out that Cao Kun was not the material for the president? Of course not, one is that when the Republic of China was in power, if he wanted to have the highest state management power, he had to get a symbolic vote from the deputies, and the parliamentarians expected that Cao Kun would not do a stupid thing to bypass the parliament and appoint himself as president, because it would arouse opposition from the world; second, Cao Kun would not do anything with his personality compared with Yuan Shikai, who would not send the police to arrest the parliamentarians to vote and cause public anger. Of course, this also hit the hearts of these parliamentarians.
Cao Kun and Wu Peifu
In the early years, Cao Kun had run for the vice president of the Republic of China, and had the support of many parliamentarians at a price of 2,000 yuan a vote, but these parliamentarians found that the price of 2,000 yuan was too low, not to mention the great president of the Republic of China, Cao Kun who heard the news was anxious, he was even difficult to eat when he was a child, he deeply understood the importance of money, his heart was dripping blood, but time was not waiting for people, the later the time dragged on, the more unfavorable it was to him, and finally Cao Kun laid down the blood cost. He bribed every member of parliament with the weight of 5,000 yuan of ocean votes, and finally according to statistics, a series of expenses such as Cao Kun's election of the president were spent
13.5 million yuan
Of course, the money was not his own, but from these loans. And so on, every time there is a change of important official positions, politicians and parliamentarians will operate in the dark, and the Congress will be like an auction house, and whoever has the higher the price will get the higher the official position.
Congress of the Republic of China
Westerners once said:
When you go to China, you can not look at the Three Great Halls, and you must not look at Gu Hongming
This one
Gu Hongming
Who is it? He almost became the president of Shandong University during the Republic of China, and was once awarded with Tagore
Nobel Prize
The nomination is known as
"Republic of China Weird"
。 He once fiercely criticized the phenomenon of the Pig Boy Parliamentarian, that time Gu Hongming went to the Beijing Hotel to attend an international gathering, just happened to encounter a bribery of the parliamentarian, he pointed to the person next to him, speaking in English,
"This guy is going to buy my vote with eight hundred oceans, guys, am I so despicable as Gu Hongming?"
It has become an open secret of the Republic of China that members of congress and Beiyang politicians exchange what they need
At a Soviet banquet, the waiter brought a plate of roast suckling pig, and the people attending the banquet whispered to the deputy speaker, and the people next to him saw that he had pulled his clothes, and the deputy speaker of the Congress sighed, and it turned out that the piglet congressman had become an allusion for people to talk and laugh. Due to various abnormal phenomena, Senate President Zhang Ji left Beijing indignantly, leaving only one sentence when leaving:
"Always make trouble, always flow meetings, not enough quorum, can not meet."
The surviving Parliament of the Republic of China
epilogue
Parliament is an important pillar of the state's protection of citizens' rights and progress, and the premise of legal protection
But in the era of changing the banner of the king in the city, how sad it was to win votes with money and even be elected as the administrator of the Republic of China, and the parliament not only did not play the role he should play, but engraved a ridiculous and shameful mark on the Republic of China, but it was still an old saying anyway
Frequent regime changes have prevented the Republic of China's economy from making any substantial progress, and it is the common people who suffer.