"Detective Di Renjie" this divine drama, I think many people have seen, the previous year with the role of Li Yuanfang in the play again became popular, this TV series has become known to everyone, everyone knows. Then people who have watched this drama may have such an impression, that is, whenever the protagonist of the TV series, Di Renjie, makes a private visit and observes the people's feelings, when he encounters an official who oppresses the people, he will come forward to severely reprimand him, but when he reprimands, he often does not report his name first.
Di Renjie stills
And when the official was reprimanded and couldn't bear it, he would shout loudly, "Who are you to diaomin", and at this time, Di Renjie would say to him very angrily, "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhang Matter Di Renjie". At this time, the official would tremble with fright after hearing this name, and hurriedly fell to his knees and said, "The lower official should be damned, I don't know if it is Elder Ge who came, I rushed into Elder Ge, please ask Elder Ge to atone for his sins", and then at this time, Di Renjie would say very badly, "Thinking of your first offense, this Cabinet will not worry about Er and so on for the time being, get up!" ”
Although the above is only the plot in the TV series, it is inevitable that there are many fictional elements, but the official position of "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" has really existed, and it does have the qualifications to make many officials tremble.
So, how big is the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" really? How can it make so many officials so sincerely afraid?
First of all, we must know that the names of these institutions such as "Fengge" and "Luantai" are unique to the Wu Zetian period, the New Book of Tang. The Hundred Officials Chronicle reads: "In the first year of the Guangzhai, the Zhongshu Province was changed to Fengge. . . . In the first year of the vertical arch, it was changed to The Luantai of Menxia Province" (谥縣台)." Therefore, "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" is actually a unique official name in the Wuzhou period, which has never appeared in other dynasties, so many people may be very unfamiliar with it, but if we change the name, many people will suddenly realize that "this is it!" ”。
So what is the name?
In fact, "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" in other dynasties' official names were called "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi".
Three provinces and six ministries
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, although the official system of the Tang "name Lu rank increased and decreased due to the times", it "mostly followed the Sui Dynasty" (New Book of Tang. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Tang still had Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, and Shangshu Province as the highest central power organs in the country, and the three provinces were responsible for the formulation, review and implementation of central government decrees and policies.
Among them, "Zhongshu Province" is in charge of the drafting and promulgation of central decrees and policies; "Menxia Province" is in charge of the review of central government decrees and policies, and signs chapters, and has the right to seal and refute (to return the emperor's inappropriate edicts and refute the violation of the rules and regulations of his subjects); and "Shangshu Province" is in charge of the hundred officials and is responsible for implementing the central government decrees and policies formulated by Zhongshu Province and reviewed and completed by Menxia Province.
Therefore, the governors of Zhongshu Province Zhongshu Ling, Menxia Province Shizhong, and Shangshu Province Shangshu Ling in the Tang Dynasty were the "prime ministers" of the Tang Dynasty. They were in charge of the military and political affairs of the whole country, and were responsible for assisting the emperor in overseeing state affairs (New Book of Tang. The Hundred Officials Chronicle reads: "With the governors of the three provinces, Zhongshu Ling, Shi Zhong, and Shang Shu Ling jointly discuss state affairs, and this chancellor also holds the office of prime minister"). Among them, Shang Shu left and right servants shoot palms "The Six Officials of The Unified Administration...". General Provincial Affairs", under the jurisdiction of the six ministries of officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals, and workers; All the affairs of the state are related to the Zhongshu Ling, and the Zhongshu Ling is in charge of the province"; the Zhongshu Ling is in charge of "the Son of Zuo Tianzi is in charge of the great government, and the general judgment is to save affairs".
Of course, after Emperor Taizong of Tang, because Emperor Taizong had served as the Shangshu Ling of Shangshu Province, his descendants no longer held this official position in order to avoid suspicion, and the actual governor of Shangshu Province after that was Shangshu's left and right servants (New Book of Tang. The Hundred Officials Chronicle says: "Emperor Taizong took shangshu as the order of Shangshu, and his subordinates did not dare to occupy their posts, and the servants became the governors of Shangshu Province."
Since then, at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Shangshu's left and right servants, Zhongshu Ling, and Shizhong were regarded as "the office of prime minister".
The Tang Dynasty had a six-part system of three provinces
At that time, in order to facilitate the deliberations of the governors of the three provinces, the Tang Emperor set up a special body for the deliberations of the governors of the three provinces in Menxia Province, called the "Government Affairs Hall" (Tang Zhongzong moved to Zhongshu Province during the time), so as to facilitate the three provinces to jointly manage the military and political affairs of the whole country here.
Later, because the "Government Affairs Hall" was established to facilitate the joint office of the "Prime Minister" of the three provinces, over time the "Government Affairs Hall" became the highest deliberative body to assist the emperor in handling military and political affairs throughout the country. Soon after, because only the governors of the three provinces, that is, the "prime minister", were originally qualified to discuss in the "government affairs hall", a customization was gradually formed in the Tang Dynasty.
That is to say, those who can enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs are the actual "prime ministers" of the Tang Dynasty.
Of course, we also said that when the "Government Affairs Hall" was first established, only the three provincial officials who could be qualified to enter the "Government Affairs Hall" were the three provincial officials, that is, Shangshu Left and Right Servants, Zhongshu Ling, and Shizhong, and the rest of the officials had no right to enter the "Government Affairs Hall." That is to say, at that time, only the governors of these three provinces were qualified to decide on the military and political affairs of the whole country, which meant that they alone controlled the power of the Tang Dynasty. Obviously, such a thing is absolutely not allowed by the emperor, nor can it be tolerated, and he will never allow xiangquan to completely override the imperial power, let alone let a few people take sole control of the military and political power of the whole country.
Tang Dynasty Government Affairs Hall
However, at that time, there were only a few positions of the three provincial governors, and most of them were controlled by the Door Valve family, and the Tang Emperor did not have much opportunity to let his cronies fully occupy these positions. However, Emperor Tang couldn't watch his world being controlled by them, so what to do? At this time, the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, that is, Li Shimin, thought of a good idea, in order to allow his cronies to legitimately enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs, and in order to weaken the influence of the three provincial governors on the government, Li Shimin adopted the method of "using his official position as the prime minister, and falsely using his name" to indirectly let his cronies enter the "government affairs hall" and weaken the power of the three provincial governors at the same time.
In the first year of Zhenguan, in order to divide up the power of the three provincial governors, Li Shimin sent Du Yan, who was then the official Shangshu, and Wei Zheng, the secretary and supervisor, to go to the "Government Affairs Hall" to participate in state affairs. Of course, with their original official positions, they were certainly not qualified to enter the "government affairs hall" to oversee state affairs together with the "prime ministers" of the three governors, so in order to allow them to enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs, Li Shimin gave them the temporary official title of "participating in the government affairs of the Yu Dynasty."
And this "participation in the politics of the Yu Dynasty" is the prototype of the later "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi".
Li Shimin stills
In the eighth year of Zhenguan, Shangshu's right servant Li Jing resigned his official post due to foot disease, and Li Shimin greatly appreciated his move, and said with great appreciation: "Zhenguan has come since ancient times, and he is rich and noble, and there are very few people who can know enough. Do not ask about stupidity, do not know themselves, although they are unbearable, they want to take up their jobs, and even if they are sick, they are reluctant. After that, Li Shimin, who was in a good mood, not only granted Li Jing a high-ranking official Houlu, but also issued an edict to him "every three or two days to menxia and Zhongshu Pingzhang political affairs", that is, to give him the temporary official title of "Pingzhang Political Affairs" (平章政事, pingzhang political affairs), which is to give him the temporary official title of "Pingzhang Political Affairs" (Pingzhang Political Affairs, which is the name of the official who discusses state affairs, is also for official names), li Jing relied on this official title, even if he resigned from all previous official positions, he was still eligible to go to Menxia Province. Zhongshu Province participates in state affairs,
And this is the origin of the "PingzhangShi" in the future "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi".
In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, the crown prince Zhan Shi Li Ji entered the "Government Affairs Hall" with the temporary official title of "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin" to participate in state affairs. New Book of Tang. The Hundred Officials Chronicle says: "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin, said Tong Zhongshu Zhong, Zhongshu Lingye", because at that time the governors of the three governors of the province were both three pins, so Li Shimin, in order to let Li Ji have the same status and power as Shi Zhong and Zhongshu Ling after entering the "Government Affairs Hall", he gave him the temporary official title of "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin", and the name of "Tong Sanpin" was built here.
Seal of Zhongshu Province
After Emperor Gaozong of Tang, "those who are prime ministers must add "Three Pins under the Door of the Zhongshu", although the same is true for those who are of high quality; but the Three Dukes, the Three Divisions, and the Zhongshu Ling are not" (New Book of Tang. Hundred Officials Chronicles).) After Li Zhi, as long as they are the "prime minister" who enters the "government affairs hall" to discuss the matter, except for those whose original officials are three dukes, three divisions, and Zhongshu Ling, they do not need to add the official title of "Tong zhongshu menxia sanpin", and the rest of the officials who want to enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs need to add the official title of "tongzhongshu menxia sanpin"; if there is no such official title, it cannot be called "prime minister", and it is also impossible to enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs.
Of course, it should be noted that
At this time, only those who can be qualified to add the official title of "Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin" are officials whose official rank has reached more than three pins.
As for those whose official rank did not reach the level of three pins, but the emperor wanted him to enter the "government affairs hall" to participate in state affairs, since the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yongchun, they would be given the temporary official title of "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi", under the "Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin".
In the words of Mr. Bai Yang, "Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin" is "Substantive Prime Minister", and "Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" is "Second Grade Prime Minister".
Tang Dynasty official
Of course no matter what, as in the New Book of Tang. According to the Hundred Officials Chronicle, "after that, or "the gains and losses of the senate" and "participation in the governor's affairs", their names are not the same, and they are all zai ministers", and "Tong zhongshu menxia Pingzhangshi" is actually the "office of the prime minister" of the Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, as the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" of the Wuzhou Period, it is naturally the "office of the prime minister" of the Wuzhou Dynasty, which is the so-called "office of the prime minister, the chief official of the Zuo Tianzi, the ruler of all things, and its task is heavy" (New Book of Tang. Hundred Officials Chronicle"), as the chief official of zuo tianzi, who governed everything, and could negotiate with the governors of the three provinces to handle the military and political affairs of the whole country, he was definitely the top group of officials in the Wuzhou Dynasty, and his power had almost reached its peak.
Then, as Di Renjie of the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi", he naturally had the qualifications to make people tremble, after all, as the prime minister of a dynasty, he almost had the right to decide the career and even the fate of more than two-thirds of the country's officials, and such power could already go sideways at the local level.
As for the "office of the Prime Minister", the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" is naturally not qualified to match it, although the grade of the Thorn History can be as high as three products (New Book of Tang. The Hundred Officials Chronicle contains "Shangzhou. Thorn Shi one person, from Sanpin"), and the official who served as "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" may have the highest rank of his own officer and only zhengsipin, but the power and status of the thorn history is far inferior to that of the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi" who is in charge of the national military and political affairs.
After all, although the thorn history is a powerful feudal official in the local area, who is in charge of the military and political affairs of a state, he is only a high-ranking local official, and the "Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhang Affair" is the "prime minister" who is in charge of the military and political affairs of the whole country.