"Police station?"
Our site has just been dug out
Something that looks like a mine."
On the morning of December 21
A rush of bells
It sounded at the Wulipai police station of Changsha Furong Substation
A panicked voice came from the other end of the phone
Originally
It is when archaeologists are carrying out archaeological excavations at the construction site
Something suspected of being a mine was dug up
Immediately call the police on 110
After receiving the alarm
The Furong police immediately activated the emergency plan
The construction site construction party is required to stop the construction immediately
Evacuate people to a safe location
Public Security Detachment, Special Patrol Brigade, Wulipai Police Station
Multi-police linkage
Rush to the scene
Quickly set up a warning zone
After ensuring that all the people at the scene are evacuated to a safe area
The civilian police entered the alert area to carry out the disposal work
The on-site staff told the police
They are undergoing archaeological excavations
Didn't expect that
The first historical object
It would be a suspected mine
Through the Changsha Municipal Public Security Bureau Public Security Management Detachment
Relevant experts surveyed and found
This is a suspected anti-tank mine left over from the war years
Approximately 25 cm in diameter
The appearance is rusty though
But the whole is more complete
Because it's old
This "mine" is not dangerous
presently
This item has been safely handed over to a professional department for proper disposal
Police alert
After the public finds similar items, please call the police as soon as possible. Do not touch it easily, do not handle it without permission.
Source| Sanxiang Metropolis Daily New Hunan client
Archaeologically dug out shells. Video screenshots
The Beijing Times reported that on the afternoon of December 15, 2014, an excavation team commissioned by the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics found a mortar shell while excavating an ancient tomb of the Han Dynasty in Daxing District, and hurriedly called the police.
After receiving the police information, the police of the Beizang Village Police Station in Daxing District rushed to the scene. The police found that the alarm site was an ancient tomb of the Han Dynasty found by the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics, and the shell was located in the second tomb on the north side. The police immediately evacuated the crowd, and then the police entered the bottom of the tomb with the police to look for dangerous goods, and the police preliminarily judged that the dangerous goods were suspected of being type 60 mortar shells left over from the anti-Japanese war. The police told the police to temporarily stop the excavation of the grave and continue after the shells were disposed of.
Subsequently, the SWAT team members covered the mortar shells with explosion blankets and waited with the police for the arrival of the professionals of the detonation company.
About an hour later, the professionals of the detonation company arrived, loaded the shells into special explosion-proof boxes, and handed over the relevant handover procedures to the police, and then brought the shells back to the detonation company for destruction.
Southern Song Dynasty stone shells excavated in Chongqing once smashed the Mongol emperor to death
Source: China News Network August 3, 2010
Stone cannonballs found in Diaoyu City The "cannonballs" used in catapults found in the archaeological excavations of the Old Drum Tower in Yamen, Ba County
Guo Juan Cartography Trebuchet: The largest person introduced in the "General Outline of the Martial Arts" requires 50 people to drag their hands, up to 8.76 meters. A stone projectile is fired at a time of 45 kg, with a firing distance of more than 500 meters.
There are also important archaeological discoveries at the site of the Yamen Old Drum Tower in Ba County, Yuzhong District, where archaeologists have excavated more than 20 exquisite stone shells from the side of the Rammed Earth Brick High Platform Building in the Southern Song Dynasty. The rammed earth clad brick high-platform building of the old drum tower site is the headquarters of the Southern Song Dynasty Anti-Mengshan City System Command Center and the Shuai Mansion of Commander Yu Jiu.
The batch of stone shells found in Yuzhong District also confirmed the pivotal status of Chongqing in the Southern Song Dynasty's anti-Mengshan City combat system——— the ancient battlefield South Water Army Wharf and the South Yizi City Wall site that hechuan Diaoyu City, which also belonged to the Southern Song Dynasty anti-Mengshan City system, were being protected, and the forts and similar stone shells were also excavated before. The Mongol Emperor Möngke died in the Battle of Diaoyu City when he commanded the Battle of Diaoyu City, the same stone cannonball.
Chief reporter Lilac Le
Reporter Zhang Qian photographic report
More than 20 stone shells were excavated during the construction
According to the staff of the Yuzhong District Cultural Management Office, in July, archaeologists dug out a nest of stone shells, as many as more than 20, when working on the west side of the Gaotai building. The reporter estimated that each stone cannonball, about 15 centimeters in diameter and weighing about two or three kilograms, was round and rolling like a dinosaur fossil egg.
This stone shell is fired by a trebuchet. The trebuchet is an ancient combat device that has existed for nearly 3,000 years. During the Southern Song Dynasty, trebuchet manufacturing and tactical use reached its peak. The Song Dynasty soldier book "General Outline of the Martial Classics" says: "All cannons, sharp weapons in the army, and offensive and defensive divisions are used." "The largest of them requires 50 people, up to 8.76 meters long, firing a stone bomb of 45 kilograms at a time, and the firing distance is more than 500 meters.
According to experts, the batch of stone shells found in Yamen, Ba County, is made of sandstone, with fine scars, round individuals, and very exquisite workmanship. The place where the shells were found was located in the Yu Jiu Shuai Mansion, in the shape of a nest, with the remains of ancient buildings on the side. Experts judged that this batch of shells at that time may have been mainly used for display at the Shuaifu Yamen and played a role in intimidation.
The trebuchet killed Möngke Khan
It is reported that the Hechuan Diaoyu City, which belongs to the Southern Song Dynasty anti-Mengshan City system, is protecting the ruins of the ancient battlefield Nanshuijun Wharf and the Nanyizi City Wall, and the forts and similar stone shells have also been excavated before. The shells found in Diaoyu City were mainly used to resist the Mongol attack, slightly larger than the shells of Yamen in Ba County, weighing about 5 kilograms, and were fired by trebuchets. According to historical records, the Mongol Emperor Möngke died in the Battle of Diaoyu City when he commanded the Battle of Diaoyu City, which is the same as these stone shells.
In 1258, Möngke Khan threatened to conquer more than 40 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, and divided his troops into three ways to attack the Song. Meng Ge personally led a road and horse to attack Sichuan, and in February of the following year, he attacked the Diaoyu City of Hechuan. The Mongol Iron Horse was invincible, but in the Diaoyu City encountered stubborn resistance, the cavalry impact was useless, and the enticing, soldiers climbing and attacking, digging tunnels and sneaking attacks did not work.
On February 3, 1259, Möngke personally supervised the army under the Diaoyu City and decided to go to the front line to observe the battle. According to the "Biography of Yuan Shi Xianzong", the Song army at the head of diaoyu City found Möngke's Qingluo umbrella cover 200 meters outside the city, so they let the small trebuchet fire in a concentrated manner, and the cannons and stones intersected, and Möngke was seriously injured. In July, the Mongol army retreated from Diaoyu City and marched to Wentang Gorge (present-day Northern Hot Springs) on Jinjian Mountain, where Möngke Khan died.
After the death of Möngke, the Mongol army was forced to withdraw to the north, which not only extended the life of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also led to the easing of the entire Eurasian war situation, and the history of the world was rewritten. Western historians refer to Diaoyu City as the "place where God breaks the whip."
The Flying Stone that killed Möngke was discovered
At the end of last year, the Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology released information showing that the ruins of the South Water Army Wharf and the South Yizi City Wall of the Ancient Battlefield of Diaoyu City, which were being protected, had excavated forts and stone shells. Experts believe that this is the same as the shell that killed Mungo.
Located on the water army pier on the beach of the Jialing River, bluestone with a length of more than 1 meter and a rectangular body can be seen everywhere. The gentle slope of the Bluestone Shun River is divided into 3 layers, and there are 5 platforms. At the site that archaeologists called the site platform Two, excavations unearthed a pit about half a person deep, densely distributed with many pebbles, the size of a sea bowl.
Yuan Dongshan, deputy director of the Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, introduced that the pebbles were the cannonballs used by the Song army to resist the Mongolian army, and the weapons that fired the pebbles were trebuchets. This pebble, which weighs about 5 kilograms, is launched by a trebuchet and has a maximum range of about 400 meters. The excavated place where the pebbles were stacked was equivalent to an ammunition depot, and the trebuchet was located in a gun emplacement not far away.
Archaeologists said that at that time, the main way to throw stones was through the shouting of people on the city wall, and the soldiers operating the trebuchet corrected the firing direction by adjusting the pace and other ways, and obeyed the orders to throw stones. Experts believe that the flying stones that Shi Zai killed the Mongol emperor Möngke were the same as the stone cannonballs excavated at the docks.
It is speculated that the batch of stone shells found in Yamen, Ba County, is made of sandstone, although it is different from the pebble shells in Diaoyu City, but the launch tools of the two should belong to the same trebuchet.
The mountain city anti-Mongolian system has made great contributions
According to literature, Chongqing became the command center and strategic hub of the Anti-Mongolian War at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the anti-Mongolian mountain city combat system mainly covered the Sichuan-Shaanxi Theater, and the commander Yu Jiu was mainly responsible for commanding the military forces of the White Emperor City, Diaoyu City, Sichuan and Shaanxi.
Yuan Dongshan, deputy director of the Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and other archaeologists have been working for decades to find anti-Mongolian sites. The discovery of the ruins of the Old Drum Tower in Yuzhong District has been completely clear about the combat system of the Anti-Mengshan City: the core level of the command is the Old Drum Tower Ya Bureau discovered today; the secondary level is Diaoyu City, the White Emperor City, luzhou Shen arm city, etc.; the third level has Nanchong Bitter Bamboo Pass, etc.; the fourth level such as Yubei Duogong City. In particular, Hechuan Diaoyu City, successfully defended for 36 years, is known as the "Troy of the East", and has created a myth of the world's ancient war history.
The true appearance of the Southern Song Dynasty Chongqing City gradually appeared
The rammed earth-clad brick high-platform building discovered and confirmed at the end of April this year at the site of the Old Drum Tower in Yamen County was the command center of the Southern Song Dynasty anti-Mengshan City system and the shuai mansion of the commander Yu Jiu. With the excavation, the real southern Song Dynasty Chongqing city style gradually appeared.
Experts believe that the Rammed earth-clad brick high-rise building in The Southern Song Dynasty should be the place where the Sichuan system envoys from all over the world were welcomed by the four pacification roads of the Southern Song Dynasty Chongqing City and even Chengdu Province, Tongchuan Province, Kuizhou, and Lizhou, similar to the living room of a large family, which shows that the site of the old drum tower was already the center of Chongqing City at that time.
The Yamen area of Ba County has always been the core of Chongqing's mother city, and during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the seat of Chongqing Fuya, Chuandong Province, and Ba County Yamen, which was the political, economic and cultural center at that time. During the Song Dynasty, Jinbi Mountain (today's Jiefang monument area), Vegetable Garden Dam, Lianglukou and other places were still deserted, and the line along the river from Chaotianmen to Chuqimen was a downtown.
According to experts, the Southern Song Dynasty Division, the Anti-Japanese War Capital, and the Central Government's direct administration are the three major leaps in the history of Chongqing's urban development, while the Southern Song Dynasty Division is the beginning of Chongqing's urban development. However, the remains of the city before the Ming and Qing dynasties in Chongqing, except for the ruins of the Old Drum Tower, have not yet found other related objects.
At present, the construction of the site of the Old Drum Tower has been suspended due to financial reasons. In addition to rammed earth clad brick high platform buildings and stone shells, archaeologists also found a rammed earth belt extending northward, and at the same time, on both sides of the high platform, there are also two rammed earth belts that appear in parallel. This indicates that near the remaining rammed earth high platform, there are more official buildings that together constitute the command center of the Southern Song Dynasty Chongqing City——— Yu Jiu Shuai Mansion. Archaeologists are full of confidence, and the real style of the ruins of Chongqing City in the Southern Song Dynasty is gradually emerging.
Trebuchet technology reached its peak in the Southern Song Dynasty
The maximum requires 250 people to operate with a range of 500 meters
The "cannon" in Chinese chess refers to the trebuchet. As a combat device, it has been around for almost 3,000 years.
It began in the Spring and Autumn Period in the Song Dynasty
The earliest trebuchet in China's written records is the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The first large-scale use was when Li Xin attacked Chu in the First World War——— when the Qin army crossed the river, the trebuchet secretly prepared by the Chu army was suddenly launched at the same time, and 200,000 Qin troops were defeated, and Li Xin committed suicide. The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" records trebuchets, which are widely known to everyone: Cao Jun built a large number of trebuchets, named "thunderbolt cars", which were invincible.
By the Tang Dynasty, trebuchets had been used as the main combat equipment for destroying cities and pulling out villages. The Old Book of Tang, Dongyi, and The Biography of Goryeo records the scene of Tang Taejong's siege during his expedition to Goryeo: "When Goryeo heard that I had thrown a car and flew three hundred stones a mile away, he was very afraid of it, but he used the building blocks on the city as a battle tower to resist flying stones." ”
By the Song Dynasty, especially the Southern Song Dynasty, trebuchet manufacturing and tactical use reached its peak. The Song "General Outline of the Martial Classics" records: "All cannons, sharp weapons in the army, and offensive and defensive divisions are used", which shows the importance attached to trebuchets. The book also details eight commonly used catapulting machines, the largest of which requires 250 people to drag hands, up to 8.76 meters, firing 45 kilograms of stone bullets, and the longest firing distance is 500 meters.
The Mongol army carried forward
In the song dynasty, trebuchets were mainly human or animal power launching types, that is, a large number of soldiers or warhorses suddenly pulled the pulling cable in one direction at the same time, and pulled up the force arm to shoot out the heavy cannon stones in a parabola. Subsequently, the Mongol army developed the trebuchet to extreme sharpness and terror due to the conquest of the world.
The Mongol army recognized the importance of trebuchets in the siege strategy, and quickly introduced technology to improve it, designing a composite bow structure with double crossbow back to make the elasticity more powerful. At the same time, such crossbows were sometimes used to fire special iron arrows and fuel cylinders.
Subsequently, the Mongol army invented a heavy trebuchet, that is, heavy objects instead of human or animal power, soldiers first use a winch to lift the heavy object, after loading the cannon stone, release the heavy object, the cannon stone is thrown, greatly reducing the operation of personnel and space, can adjust the heavy object control range, throwing accuracy greatly improved, and began to project chemical weapons mixed with incendiary substances, decaying human and animal carcasses and other "biological weapons" and so on.
In recent years, in the transformation of the old city in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, many stone balls have been excavated, and the maximum weight is more than 300 pounds. These stone balls have a rough surface in order to increase their friction when launched, and are not easy to fall off the trebuchet. According to the records of Xiangyang County, these stone balls were used by the Mongol army to attack the city that year.