Golden ear alias golden silver ear, yellow fungus, golden fungus, yellow ear, glue ear, etc., belongs to the white fungus family, white fungus genus, golden ear gum delicate, smooth and delicious, delicious taste, nutritional content is very rich, contains a variety of vitamins and essential amino acids, often used can balance the metabolic function of the human body and strengthen the metabolic effect of the human body, in addition to eating, there is also a high medicinal value, Chinese medicine believes that the golden ear sub-entity temperate cold, sweet has the function of phlegm, cough and asthma, calm asthma, adjust the breath, anti-inflammatory and detoxification, Indications for the treatment of lung hot phlegm cold, cough, asthma, qi deficiency neurasthenia, hypertension and other diseases, is a rare fungus that uses both food and medicine.
Golden ear is mainly distributed in Asia, Europe, North and South America, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Jilin and other places, Jing'er mycelium does not have the ability to decompose wood fibers, in the growth and development of a specific biological factor Earworm bacteria help, ear fungus is a kind of wood rot fungus, can decompose the wood in the cellulose, hemicellulose and substances, providing easy to grow and develop the growth of golden ear nutrients required nutrients.
1. Growth conditions;
1, nutrition; golden ear mycelium without fear of being decomposed lignocellulose ability, decomposition of lignocellulose by the ear fungus to complete, is a strong decomposition ability of wood rot bacteria, and the white fungus of the ear fungus and there is a great difference, the white ear fungus does not have the ability to decompose lignin, so in artificial cultivation, can be used wood chips or cottonseed shells and other main materials, add the appropriate amount of bran, corn flour, gypsum, calcium superphosphate and other accessories, the preparation of the culture material can meet the nutritional components required for the growth and development of golden ear.
2, humidity; mycelial growth and development stage, the water content of the culture medium should be maintained at the ratio of about 1:1.3 of the potion, the air humidity in the first two stages is controlled at 85 to 90%, the air humidity is less than 80%, the fruiting body is prone to drying, the air humidity is higher than 90%, it is easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution, and it is easy to rot ears.
3, temperature; suitable for the growth of mycelium temperature of about 24 ° C, mycelial growth temperature range of 5 to 33 ° C, temperature below 10 ° C, mycelial growth is slow, temperature above 35 ° C, mycelium stop growing; as for the growth of fruiting bodies In the temperature range of 18 to 23 ° C, suitable for the biochemistry of fruiting bodies the temperature range of about 22 ° C.
4, light, mycelium growth stage, do not need light, primordial differentiation and fruiting body formation stage need a certain scattered light, suitable light fruiting body growth fast, dark color, orange-red, insufficient light fruiting body color is light.
5, air; golden ear is a kind of oxygen-loving fungus, in the entire growth and development process needs fresh air, especially the stage of fruiting body occurrence, but also to strengthen ventilation and ventilation.
2. Artificial cultivation;
1. Strains;
(1), the mother seed; mother seed separation, tissue separation method is the most ideal and simplest, the sub-time layer of the golden ear is born on the surface of the fruiting body, and the associated hyphae are born in the carcass and the inside of the matrix, so only by taking the tissue separation method can we obtain hyphal strains with golden ear hyphae and fungal associated bacteria.
Tissue separation method: the sub-corpse is cleaned, the surface moisture is sunburned, the fruiting body is torn apart by hand, a small piece of tissue is cut at the junction of the outer layer and the memory, and placed on the PDA medium for culture, the temperature should be controlled at about 23 ° C, and after the tissue is quickly restored and grown, there will be white or light yellow short and dense golden ear fungus, as well as golden yellow coarse hairy hard leather hyphae.
(2), the original species; the original medium formula: wood chips 77%, bran 20%, gypsum sucrose 1.5% each, or mixed wood chips 76%, bran 20%, gypsum sucrose, potassium dihydrogenate, magnesium sulfate 1%, conventional bottling, sterilization, access to the bevel mother bacteria, placed in a constant temperature environment of 25 °C culture, the bottle to form a golden ear fruiting body, is the original species of golden ear.
The quality of the strains directly affects the level of production, usually must choose high-quality strains, to select hyphae growth evenly, do not spit yellow water, no bacteria pollution of high-quality strains.
2, cultivation time; golden ear growth cycle is short, the use of basswood cultivation, the local temperature is stable at 10 to 15 °C, it can be inoculated; with bag material cultivation, a year can be arranged in spring and autumn cultivation.
3, cultivation places; linden cultivation can be used as a cultivation place in the forest, bag material cultivation can use the general mushroom shed as a place to be cultivated, duan wood cultivation or bag material cultivation can also choose leeward to the sun, higher terrain, convenient water source, clean and hygienic place to build an ear shed as a cultivation place.
4. Cultivation materials and formulas;
Golden ear can grow on a variety of broad-leaved trees, but as a section of material cultivation of teachers and students tree species are not many, such as yellow oak, Mao Qinggang, etc. for the most suitable linden cultivation of golden ear, bag material cultivation This is already suitable for the cultivation of tree species of wood chips and cottonseed shell as the main material, adding an appropriate amount of bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime, sucrose and other accessories, commonly used in the ingredient formula is:
(1) 77% of broad-leaved tree chips, 20% of rice bran, 1.5% of gypsum sucrose;
(2), 70% of mixed wood chips, 19% of rice bran, 5% of corn flour, 4% of dried tofu powder, 1% of sucrose gypsum;
(3), 80% of mixed wood chips, 17% of corn husks, 1.5% of sucrose and gypsum;
(4), 79% of mixed wood chips, 17% of cottonseed husk, potassium dihydrogenate, gypsum, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate 1% each;
5. Cultivation method;
(1), make a fungus bag, use polypropylene plastic drums to pack 100 grams of dry material per bag, plug the tampon plug with a mouth sleeve collar, sterilize and inoculate according to conventional methods;
(2), germination period management; after inoculation, the bag is placed in the culture room at 23 ° C to germinate, the culture room is required to be well ventilated, generally after about 23 days, the hyphae can grow full of belts;
(3), ear out of the ear management; under the appropriate environmental conditions, a month after inoculation can be long ears, after the fruiting body grows, the plastic sleeve should be appropriately raised, the strength of the teacher in the static wind and more room temperature to implement stable environment growth and development; just to lengthen to about 7cm, to remove the tampon and collar, indoor humidity control at about 90%, and open the door and window to increase ventilation, supplemented by appropriate light, when the military division body gradually turns into light yellow or orange-red, to reduce the bag a straight line to the surface, The plastic bag is then turned down to the surface of the material, so that the entire fruiting body is deepened with the help of fresh air.
6, pest control; golden ear in the cultivation process, susceptible to green wood fungus penicillium, Aspergillus and other bacteria pollution, especially the use of bacteria with bacteria, more likely to appear patches of bacteria pollution, so inoculation must be selected high-quality disease-free strains, diseases should be prevented and controlled in time.
7, harvesting and processing; fungal bag cultivation can be harvested within two months after general inoculation, harvesting too early affects the yield, harvesting too late, the fruiting body is easy to become black brown and rotten, and even lose the value of the commodity; when the fruiting body is fully unfolded into a brain, the color is bright orange yellow or orange red, it can be harvested, harvested with a sharp knife to stick to the base of the ear, cut off the whole golden ear body, retain part of the ear base, and then turn the retired plastic bag up again, use a bamboo pole arch to cover the film, insulation and moisturizing, After half a month, a batch of regenerated ears can be harvested.
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