Editor's note: Since the launch of the Pingshan Village Examination In October 2017, the pingshan county large-scale cultural and historical geographical survey project, with the joint efforts of all volunteers and village examination staff, the village examination manuscripts of 717 administrative villages in Pingshan County have all been put into storage.
Xibaipo and Zhongshanguo are two national cultural brands in Pingshan, which are also the focus of the village examination. Today, the Pingshan Village Examination ZhongshanGuo Special Topic is launched.
There are more than 30 villages in Pingshan Village Examination, including Shangsanji Township, Lianghe Township, Shangsanji Village, Visiting Driving Village, Mujiazhuang, Zhongqiji, Hequ, Hucun, Guocun, Zhangyang Village, etc. There are about 100 Zhongshan national cultural relics written in the village examination text. This topic specially invites Huang Junhu, an expert in zhongshan research, to provide guidance.
Two thousand years ago, it was called Hachio
Since then, Hyakusei has buried his name
The Sanban family broke the homeland
Leave a stone alone
■ Poetry Author: Zhang Zhiping Librarian of Hebei Provincial Museum of Literature and History, President of the Provincial Zhongshan Culture Research Association, Chief Planner of Pingshan Village Examination
■ Calligraphy Author: Zhang Shouzhong Member of Chinese Calligraphers Association, Researcher of Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics
Zhongshan Kingdom
The ruins of Zhongshanguo Ancient City are located in Shangsanji Township and were approved by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1988. In 2017, it was included in the third batch of national archaeological site parks by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
Stone carvings in zhongshan ancient city archaeological site park
Since 1974, the archaeological excavation of the Zhongshan Guo ruins has undergone many investigations and excavations such as the Shuohuang Railway, Zhangyang Village, Zhangjia Temple, etc., and has been comprehensively explored for more than 20 years, combined with historical research, confirming the accurate location of the "Zhongshan Huan Gongju Here" in the "Book of Han and Geography", and clarifying that zhongshan state established its capital here from 381 BC to 296 BC. The city is surrounded by Linshan Mountain in the north, the Tuotuo River as the barrier in the south, and the Jinshui River and the Qiji River as the moat in the east and west, and the terrain is irregular peach-shaped, about 4 kilometers from east to west, and about 4.5 kilometers from north to south. The city is divided into east and west by north-south partition walls, dongcheng is divided into palace area, official office area, workshop area, palace area Huangshan is the commanding height of the urban area; xicheng is divided into wangling area, residential area, commercial activity area, trade and trade development, more than 100,000 residents, Wangling District visiting the south of the village huan cemetery, Mujiazhuang village north of the cheng cemetery. Outside the Western City there are (cuò) tombs and mourning tombs, and the altar is located in Nanshan, Hucun.
Floor plan of the ruins of Zhongshan Ancient City
Mujiazhuang unearthed the early Warring States hunting pattern copper cover beans
Copper lid bean pattern unfolded diagram
Langjia Village unearthed a wrong gold and silver inlaid turquoise copper belt hook
Kangjia Village unearthed knife coins, (Zhongshan cheng white knife coins, Yan Kui knife coins)
Guocun unearthed the Warring States Green Jade Dragon-shaped Pendant
More than 20,000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed from the tomb of the king and other sites, involving copper casting, iron smelting, coinage, winemaking, pottery, jade making and other categories, wrong silver bi-winged divine beasts, wrong gold and silver tiger deer screen seats, black pottery duck-shaped zuns, silver-headed figurine bronze lamps, fifteen consecutive lamps, etc., with peculiar shapes and exquisite craftsmanship, which verifies the record of "skillful treachery and beauty" in Zhongshan in the "History". The copper plate Zhaoyu map is the world's earliest scale architectural planning map, and the iron foot large copper ding, the wrong gold and silver four dragons and four phoenix copper scheme seats were listed in the "First Batch of Cultural Relics Catalogue prohibited from going abroad (border) exhibition".
Zhongshan Three Instruments
More than 100 pieces of visible characters such as bronzes, jades, wooden strips and sealed mud have been excavated from the ruins of the capital city, with a total of 2967 characters or symbols. Among them, the "Zhongshan Three Instruments" iron foot large copper ding, copper square pot, copper round pot a total of 1101 words inscription, known as "Zhongshan Seal", not only has high artistic value, but also is particularly important for the study of Zhongshan national history. Through the characters "Zhongshan Wang", "Emperor Wenwu, Huanzu Chengkao" and "Ancestor Huan Wang, Zhaokao Chengwang", the lineage of Zhongshan Wengong, Wugong, Huangong, Chenggong, (zǐ cì), and Shangqi Dynasty was determined; the iron-footed Dading and copper square pot were cast in 314 BC for the "Jijin" obtained by the false Qi Fayan, and the events were inscribed, filling the gaps in historical materials.
Copper square pot inscription rubbing (partial)
Shi Cheng's records about the Zhongshan Kingdom are few and hidden, and the Early Tang Dynasty's "History of Suoyin" contains, "Zhongshan, the ancient Xianyu Kingdom". The name "Xianyu" first appears in the Chinese "(Zheng) Huan Gong as Situ (774 BC)", and the name "Zhongshan" first appears in the "Zuo Zhuan" "(Lu) Dinggong 4th year (506 BC) spring and March". The ancestor of the Xianyu Zhongshan Kingdom was the Bai Di, which developed from the Northern Di clan in the Xia and Shang dynasties. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it moved from Shaanxi through Shanxi to the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountain in south-central Hebei. In the middle of the Warring States period, the Zhongshan Kingdom moved its capital to the area around Shangsanji Township and reached its peak. Its territory extends from the area of Baoding Tang County in the north, to the north of Xingtai in the south, to the area around Jingxing and Lu County in the west, and to the west of Hengshui District in the east. In 296 BC, the Zhao army attacked the capital of Zhongshan, and the monarch fled to the state of Qi. Wang Shang of Zhao was a puppet and moved to Fushi the following year. The Zhongshan Kingdom thus perished. The Zhongshan Kingdom existed among the great powers as the "country of a thousand multiplications", and promoted the integration of the nomadic peoples in the north and the Chinese peoples in the Central Plains. King Xianqian of the Qing Dynasty," Xianyu Zhongshan, "Illustration of the Frontiers of the State Table of Xianyu Zhongshan" (1881), said, "Zhongshan has been a national calendar for more than two hundred years, the Jin Dynasty has been repeatedly destroyed and disobeyed, Wei has been destroyed and revived, the Seven Heroes have been expelled together, the five kingdoms are the same king, and the forces resist Yan and Zhao and win, which can be said to be able to use the people." Qing Guo Songtao commented that "the Warring States are so prosperous and declining, and Zhongshan Ruoyin is the pivot."
Schematic map of the location of Zhongshan Kingdom during the Warring States period
Zhongshan Huan Cemetery is located in the south of the village of Guanqizhuang
The tomb mound within the site is high, Jiajing thirty-two years (1553), when cultivating, gold and silver ancient silverware was found, and more than a thousand thieves dug the tomb of more than a thousand people and were inaccessible, and then they were expelled. In 1935, Liu Ximei, a villager in Nanqiji, found a 19-character carved "Shouqiu Carved Stone" in Gulugou, and after being collected in the 1970s, it provided precious materials for archaeological excavations and research on the ruins of Zhongshan Guodu City. The tomb of King Zhongshan is different from the traditional tomb, the main tomb is in the chinese shape, and the main tomb is divided into a warehouse next to the tomb and is not connected with the tomb, which also plays a role in not being seriously damaged by tomb robbery.
Shouqiu carved stone rubbing (right) and interpretation text (left)
In 1992, the county government approved the establishment of the "Zhongshan Guo Guling Shoucheng Ruins Management Office", in 1994 the provincial government set up a protection symbol in the ruins of zhongshan guodu city, in 2001 a cultural relics exhibition room was built, in 2003, Shan Jixiang, director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, investigated the ruins of Zhongshan Guo, in 2009 Governor Hu Chunhua inspected the ruins of Zhongshan Guo Ancient City, and in 2019 Governor Xu Qin inspected the ruins of Zhongshan Guo Ancient City.
The first Zhongshan Seal Calligraphy and Seal Engraving National Invitation Exhibition opened
In 2015, the Hebei Zhongshan National Culture Research Association was established, and the first Zhongshan Seal Calligraphy and Seal Engraving National Invitation Exhibition was held successively, the historical documentary "Zhongshan Kingdom" was produced and broadcast on CCTV, and the famous historical and cultural relics experts in the country were invited to hold a seminar on the cultural positioning of Zhongshan Country. In the south of the tomb to build the Wang Mausoleum Exhibition Hall, in the north of the tomb to build the Zhongshan National Cultural and Creative Experience Center, cultural and creative products won the first Shijiazhuang City Cultural and Creative Competition Gold Award, Hebei Most Beautiful Gift Gold Award. The protection display of the tomb and The Huan Cemetery and the protection and repair project of the tomb after mourning have been completed.
Aerial view of the Zhongshan King Mausoleum Exhibition Hall
Author: Chai Tingting Ji Sheng Tang
Special guest guide: Huang Junhu
Seal engraving: Wang Zhuo
Photography: Cui Zhilin, Huang Junhu, etc
Profile photo courtesy of the Sun Yat-sen King Mausoleum Museum