The hometown of Miao embroidery - Panhai Town, Kaili City
Yang Guanghui
Most of the women in The town of Panhai are experts in embroidery and splendid embroidery, and the costumes and patterns are also unique, especially women's clothing is the most colorful. Its costumes are mostly based on purple and red, with embroidered patterns of people, animals and flowers, birds, insects, fish, etc., brocade woven flower trim, and the bottom is splendid with pleated skirts of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and purple colors. Dressed inlaid with silver pieces, hanging silver bells, wearing a "horn" shaped silver crown on the head, and wearing a silver collar and silver necklace on the neck; when women in the Weng Xiang area and the noon area wear civilian clothes, they wear large wooden combs, their heads are knotted with sideburns, silver hairpins, white and red rectangular headkerchiefs are inserted, the earlobes are perforated and embedded with large circle silver ear studs, wearing plain white and outer plain clothes or plain flower clothes, wearing plain skirts longer than knees, and their feet are gauze socks and shoes. When dressed, the headdress is a silver bubble headkerchief or silver crown flower, a silver collar, a silver necklace, a silver bracelet on the wrist, a ring on the finger, and a silver bubble white blue shirt or an embroidered tunic with a dark red background.
Girls in The town of Panhai generally learn embroidery with their mothers or aunts at the age of seven or eight, and learn embroidery, splendid embroidery, pile embroidery, and embroidery when they are teenagers, and each makes a preparatory dowry, and all of them are embroidery girls. There are 1 provincial-level embroidery splendid embroidery inheritor in Panhai Town; 3 state-level embroidery splendid embroidery inheritors include Wu Xiuying, Yang Xiuzhi, Li Elite; county (city) level embroidery splendid embroidery inheritors include Yang Jiyan, Pan Aisheng, Pan Ouwen, Pan Qiying, Yang Tongmei, Pan Jiaying, Zhang Hamao, Pan Hapu, Zhang Naichang, Pan Xiaoqin, Wu Jiaxiu, Gan Xin, Pan Xinghua, Pan Keyan, etc.; 2 municipal Miao ancient song inheritors include Gu Mingzhi and Yang Zhengke; and 12 members of the Panhai Miao Dance Literary and Art Team have won Miao bench dance, costumes, Miao embroidery, flying songs, and love songs 3. Inheritor of the wine song project (group). 21 intangible cultural heritage certificates were obtained, and the number of inheritors was 33. Panhai Town is the township with the largest number of embroidery embroidery inheritors in Kaili City, known as the "Hometown of Embroidered Women".
The embroidery, flower picking embroidery and stacking embroidery techniques of the Miao people in the sea refer to the use of needles to cut and fold the cloth of the same color with different colors of cloth or other cloth of different colors into small pieces and embroidery on the same bottom cloth to form a national characteristic pattern that people like. Pattern source: one is nature: such as the sun, moon, mountains, water, clouds, etc.; the second is the Totem of the Miao people: such as butterfly mother, maple tree, buffalo, dragon, lion, etc.; the third is the mascot pattern captured in production and life: such as copper drum, reed, flower, bird, insect, fish, flower, grass, fruit, ray, etc. After abstract simplification and deformation, it appears exaggerated, vivid, and conveyed, or takes its distinctive parts, such as head, horns, feet, claws, eyes, hair wings, etc., to symbolize the animals and plants themselves. The pattern is natural and smooth, the structure is rigorous, the symmetry is neat, and the three-dimensional sense, the sense of movement and the sense of unity are integrated. Known for its harmony, generosity and beauty.
Each ditch and corner of Hmong embroidery pays attention to neatness and uniformity, and the treatment of diamond angles and convex concaves is very elaborate. The lines are smooth, the thickness is consistent, the size of the circle is coordinated, the distance between the outer line and the inner line is harmonious, and it seems that the pattern woven is a corner or a smooth line, or a smooth and neat pattern. Realize the organic unity of points, lines, surfaces and angles. It has high aesthetic value and better decorative effect.
Wang Jinhua was awarded the title of senior craftsman in December 2010 and the representative inheritor of Miao embroidery at the provincial level in December 2015. In 2017, Wang Jinhua's work "A Hundred Birds and a Phoenix" won the provincial special prize with a prize of 10,000 yuan. He was hired as a teacher to lecture at Kaili College, Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, and Academy of Fine Arts of Guizhou University for Nationalities. On June 2, 2015, Wu Xiuying was awarded the representative inheritor of Miao embroidery in the state intangible cultural heritage project, and in December 2016, she was awarded the honorary title of Master of Arts and Crafts of Guizhou Province; and she was often hired to teach embroidery skills outside the lecture. In April 2012, Yang Jiyan was awarded the title of municipal Miao embroidery inheritor and obtained the title of arts and crafts artist in Guizhou Province. In December 2015, one of her costumes and two rolls of splendid cloth were exhibited at the Kaili Museum for 14,000 yuan by the Kaili Intangible Cultural Heritage Center. In 2016, one of her Miao costumes and several embroidery pieces was bought by a Hangzhou boss for 18,000 yuan to decorate the hotel. The embroidery products of other inheritors and embroiderers are loved and favored by foreign merchants, and there are often merchants who come to buy them. The production of embroidery and splendid embroidery products has made positive contributions to the revitalization of the rural economy and the elimination of poverty and prosperity.
About author:Yang Guanghui, male, Miao name xiongt dangf, born in December 1958 in Chahe Village, Panhai Town. Bachelor's degree, major in literature and law, member of the Communist Party of China. He is a member of the Guizhou Writers Association, a member of the Guizhou Folk Writers Association, a special reporter of Qiandongnan Daily, a director of the Kaili Miao Society, and so on.
Editor-in-Chief: Yang Guangming
Editor: Peng Luanyan Hu Jie