Emperor Wen of Sui's empress Dowager Jialuo, Yuzi, and Yuguo had achieved remarkable feats, and it is no exaggeration to say that the rise and fall of the Sui Dynasty was closely related to this empress.
1, my husband
The most classic manifestation of the dugu empress is that she allowed Yang Jian, the emperor of Sui Wen, to maintain monogamy throughout her life, creating a miracle of ancient Chinese emperors. Dugu Jia luo married Yang Jian at the age of fourteen, and after marriage, the husband and wife jointly swore that they would "have no sons of alien birth", that is, all of Yang Jian's children must be born of Du Gu Jia Luo. This is unique among the ancient Chinese emperors who practiced polygamy and concubinage.
The Lone Queen is from a strong family background. She was born into an aristocracy, and her father was Du Guxin, one of the Eight Pillar States of Western Wei and the core figure of the Guanlong aristocratic clique. Dugu Xinsheng has seven daughters, three of whom are empresses, and the political status of the Dugu family is evident. Yang Jian's father, Yang Zhong, was even a subordinate of Du Guxin. It is precisely with this strong background that Dugu Jia Luo dared to put forward the request of "no alien son", so that Yang Jian still adhered to the monogamous way after becoming emperor.
Lonely Garo is a bold, knowledgeable, and courageous woman. He can help Yang Jian make political decisions at critical moments many times. Yang Jian and Yang Lihua, the eldest daughter of Dugu Jialuo, married Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou. After Emperor Xuan's death, Yang Jian assisted the government, whether to be a powerful minister who held real power, or to stand on his own behalf of Zhou, was a difficult problem facing Yang Jian. At the critical moment when Yang Jian hesitated, it was Dugu Jia Luo who said to her husband: "The big thing has already happened, and the momentum of riding the beast will not be able to go down, and it will not be able to go down!" Thus strengthening Yang Jian's confidence, achieving the imperial cause of the Sui Dynasty, and also making Yang Jian fearful.
As soon as the Dugu Empress had free time, she could not release the scroll, and every time Emperor Wen of Sui ascended to the throne, she would go hand in hand with it, "the government has lost something, and it is correct with it, and there are many benefits." So, the political decisions of the kai-kai period. The Lone Queen contributed a lot. When the two men were to be honored together, the "Two Saints" were honored. The Dugu Empress assisted Emperor Wen of Sui in creating a situation of "ruling the emperor", which was a reflection of her political wisdom.
Once, Emperor Wen of Sui occasionally noticed a palace girl, and when he couldn't hold it for a while, he was lucky with this palace girl. When the Dugu Empress found out, she was furious and took advantage of Emperor Wen of Sui's ascension to the throne to beat the palace maid to death. When Emperor Wen of Sui heard about this, he "rode out of the garden alone, and entered the valley for more than twenty miles." "Run out for more than twenty miles. The Lone Queen was also called a "jealous woman" for this incident. However, a woman who is desperate for love shows her courage in maintaining love.
After the death of Empress Dugu, Emperor Wen of Sui said to the minister in charge of building the mausoleum:
"Since Ru once buried the empress, now that we are dead, it is advisable to settle her." The soul knows, and when it meets underground. ”
It clearly expressed Emperor Wen's wish to reunite with the Lone Empress in the earth. This kind of empress who gave birth to the emperor's idea of "being born with Qiu, dying in the same cave" is not considered to be a royal husband?
2. Son
Empress Dugu and Emperor Wen of Sui had a total of five sons. Crown Prince Yang Yong was polite and generous, and met the requirements of the Shoucheng King, and Emperor Wen of Sui had high hopes for him. The Dugu Empress also chose a dignified and courteous princess for crown prince Yang Yong. However, Yang Yong fell in love with Yun Zhaoxun. Because the concubine hated his wife, he greatly displeased with the lonely queen who was devoted to love. At this time, Yang Guang, the king of Jin, who had calmed Jiangnan and returned, took advantage of the void and made a humble and filial appearance, not close to the female color, and flattered his mother everywhere. The LoneLy Queen's emotions began to tilt rapidly towards Yang Guang.
Eleven years after the opening of the emperor, the Yuan Concubine died. The Lone Empress suspected that it was the black hand of prince Yang Yong. "Killing a wife for a concubine" violated the moral bottom line of the LoneLy Empress and strengthened her determination to depose the crown prince. She contacted the chancellor Yang Su, on the one hand, to attack Gao Xi, who supported the crown prince, and constantly framed the prince; on the other hand, she constantly established a positive image of Yang Guang, the king of Jin, in front of Emperor Wen of Sui. In the end, Emperor Wen of Sui deposed the prince as a shuren on the charge that he was "a prince with a mediocre nature, a lack of knowledge of benevolence and filial piety, and a villain who was close to the villain", and Yang Guang, the king of Jin, was made crown prince.
The abolition of the crown prince has always been regarded as the lone empress's biggest mistake. In the fourth year of Renshou, when Emperor Wen of Sui was sick and becoming more and more critical, Yang Guang and the chancellor Yang Su could not wait to discuss the succession after the emperor's death, and attempted to rape Lady Xuanhua, Emperor Wen of Sui's favorite concubine. Emperor Wen of Sui was furious and intended to depose Yang Guang and re-establish Yang Yong as crown prince. As a result, Yang Guang preemptively killed the deposed prince Yang Yong, and Emperor Wen of Sui died inexplicably.
According to the Zizhi Tongjian, before his death, Emperor Wen of Sui once shouted "Alone and Misguided Me." It seems that he was quite remorseful about listening to the encouragement of the LoneLy Queen and abolishing the long and young. Objectively speaking, the Fall of the Emperor Zhao, the Lone Empress could not escape the blame, but it must not be considered that she was the root cause of the demise of the Great Sui. We will explain this in more detail below.
After Yang Guang became emperor, he was very happy, but if you only look at it from the perspective of talent, Yang Guang is obviously more talented and skilled than Yang Yong, and before becoming emperor, Yang Guang's martial arts and life in the world were praised by the government and the public. The Lone Empress chose Yang Guang, and there was nothing wrong with that situation at that time. The Dugu Empress was not a soothsayer, and it was impossible to foresee Yang Guang's later changes, so how could she attribute the destruction of the Sui Dynasty to her!
3. The Imperial Kingdom
The so-called imperial state refers to the fact that the lone empress is deeply involved in the management of the state, not only assisting the government in the harem, but also extending her tentacles directly to the political front. In the early years of the emperor's reign, the Turkic and Sui dynasties exchanged markets and sold a basket of pearls for eight million dollars. Someone persuaded the Lone Queen to buy it. The Lone Queen said, "It is not what I need." Today's Rong Di has been repeatedly curtailed, and the soldiers are tired, and they have not rewarded those who have done meritorious service with eight million points. "Suddenly win the full dynasty return to the heart."
The Lone Queen was frugal all her life and never used high-end jewelry. According to the "History of the North", Emperor Wen of Sui once combined medicine, needed Hu Powder one or two, and asked the LoneLy Queen for it, but he did not expect that the Lonely Queen had been facing the sky, but there was none. The Dugu Empress and emperor Wenzhu of Sui, who had always advocated frugality, jointly created a simple court atmosphere in the early years of the Sui Dynasty.
Although the Lone Queen was favored in the harem, she was very self-disciplined. None of her family members were in high positions. Once a foreign relative commits a crime, he will also be given a heavier punishment. Cui Changren, the cousin of the LoneLy Empress, deserved to die for his crimes, and if he followed the laws and customs of the time, he could also be pardoned. However, the LoneLy Queen insisted that "the affairs of the state should be taken care of selfishly!" "Finally, Cui Changren was beheaded." This attitude of not indulging foreign relatives and consciously safeguarding imperial power won the respect of Emperor Wen of Sui and the respect of the manchu ministers.
The Dugu Empress was an empress with more orthodox values, and on the one hand, she actively contributed her political talents to Emperor Wen of Sui, and on the other hand, she grasped the scale and did not interfere in politics in violation of the law. The "Sui Shu Biography of the Lonely Queen" said that the Lonely Queen was "humble and self-guarding, and the world thought to be a sage", which was the public opinion of the people at that time.
As soon as the Dugu Empress died, Emperor Wen of Sui took in Lady Xuanhua's wife Chen and Ronghua's lady Cai, and spent all day with them, and there were many mistakes in the handling of state affairs, and they did not return to their masterlike demeanor. Therefore, the Lone Empress is the Imperial Husband, the Imperial Son, and the Iron Lady of the Imperial Kingdom, carrying the reputation of the rise and fall of the Great Sui Dynasty.
Fourth, the lone queen abolished the courage and established the broad
The "Sui Shu and Later Concubine Biography" says: "Abolish the crown prince and establish Wang Guang of Jin, and all are the plots of the empress."
When Emperor Wen of Sui deposed the crown prince, he also said: "It is impossible to inherit the heir for a long time here, and Empress Heng advised me to abolish it." When Emperor Wen of Sui was dying, he also sighed that he was alone and mistaken. So, can the Lone Queen really play a key role in the deposing of Prince Yi?
In the politics of the Sui Dynasty, the Dugu Empress had a considerable say. The Sui Shu HouFei Biography says: "Later, whenever he spoke with the Lord and spoke about political affairs, he often agreed with each other, and was called the Second Saint in the palace." It shows that the Lone Empress is quite important in the incident of deposing the crown prince.
In the eleventh year of the opening of the emperor, the crown princess Yuan clan died, and the crown princess Yunfei specialized in internal affairs, and the lone empress was very dissatisfied. She "sent people to look out for courage." It was precisely because Yang Su had the support of the empress behind him that he dared to participate in the plot of Prince Yang Guang.
The LoneLy Empress was determined to abolish the Prince, and the Prince himself absolutely had a reason to abolish it. Crown Prince Yang bravely favored the Yun clan, and when Crown Princess Yuanshi cried in front of the empress before her death: "The crown prince does not treat him as a husband and wife, but exclusively favors Ah Yun." This just touches the moral bottom line of the lone queen. Therefore, the death of the crown princess will adversely affect Yang Yong's position as crown prince.
The LoneLy Empress believed that the prince did not favor the princess she had chosen for him because he wanted to compete with the empress for power and express his dissatisfaction. The Lone Queen, proceeding from her own experience, was very hungry for a smooth transition of power. As early as the Western Wei Dynasty of the Yuwen Clan, Yuwen Tai also did not determine the inheritance of concubines until his later years. His eldest son Yuwen Yu was virtuous, and his third son, Yuwen Jue, was a concubine.
Yuwen Tai hesitated, and as a result, after his death, there was a dispute between concubines under the leadership of the powerful ministers. Du Lonely Queen's father, Du Lonely Xin, was also given death because of this incident, which was a lingering shadow for the LoneLy Queen. Therefore, she and Yang Jian "swore that they would not have a son of a different birth", which was also hoped to eliminate the political hidden dangers of the dispute between concubines and ensure the stable transition of patriarchal power.
In addition to the crown princesses, there were also ten sons born to Yun Zhaoxun, Gao Liangdi, Wang Liangyuan, Cheng Ji, and the harem. If Crown Prince Yong succeeds to the throne, the dispute between concubines may recur, which is what the Dugu clan has tried to abstain from, so "Hou Mi is uneven... Seek courage over evil", with the heart of abolition.
The ancestor of the Dugu Empress was Tuoba Xianbei, and her concept of marriage had the characteristics of a northern ethnic minority. Princess Yuan was the daughter of Yuan Xiaozhi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was in line with the concept of marriage of the Northern Shang nobles. Yang Yong's favorite Ah Yun was not a noble family, and the crown prince Yang Yong did not understand the political essence of the upper class marriage, and favored Ah Yun exclusively, undermining the principle of maintaining and structureing the Political System of the Guan Long Clique. That's why the LoneLy Empress said something like, "Now that she is not of the same kind, she will be in chaos."
The Lone Empress was a discerning empress, and she always associated the harem with feudal politics to deal with the relationship between the harem and the imperial power. She said, "Women and government, or gradually from now on, can not open their sources." However, Ah Yun, who was favored by the crown prince, was "good at internal affairs", so how could the lonely empress sit idly by?
Therefore, the lone empress dowager's abolition of Yong Liguang was not impulsive, nor was she "favoring one over the other", but to safeguard the political interests of the ruling group and consolidate the new centralized politics. In the view of the Dugu Empress, the actions of the crown prince Yang Yong may "change the clan society". Yang Guang's performance in front of Empress dowager and Emperor Wen was in line with her understanding of a smooth transition to power and the requirement of consolidating the new regime.
Therefore, the selection of the lone queen is considered from the perspective of the regime, not from her own selfishness. As Wang Fuzhi said: "Emperor Wen was brave and brave, although he listened to his wife, he sighed that he was lonely and misled me." However, when the widespread evil is not yet written, and the courage and virtue have a day of sorrow, they will see each other, nor will they see the non-social plan of abolishing it. Therefore, we cannot use Yang Guang's later practice as a basis for denounce the LoneLy Empress.
(Text/History Talk about Junhui ~An)
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