Before the Qing Dynasty, China's dynasties never had a national anthem, but during the Qing Dynasty, with the increasing "exchanges" with foreign countries, the Qing Dynasty gradually had a "demand" for the national anthem, and the establishment of the "national anthem" of the Qing Dynasty had a lot to do with Li Hongzhang.
Li
In the 22nd year of Guangxu, Li Hongzhang rushed to Tsarist Russia to celebrate the coronation of the Tsar, which was actually the signing of the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty. At that time, there was no tape recorder, and the welcome ceremony was basically composed of representatives of various countries singing their own national anthem, Li Hongzhang was dumbfounded, what is the national anthem? No way, Li Hongzhang understood it as a Chinese song, and temporarily found a Tang Dynasty poet Wang Jian's Seven Absolute Poems to adapt, with the soundtrack of the "Seven Plays of Inverted" in his hometown of Anhui Lu opera, temporarily as a national anthem;
The lyrics are:
"The Golden Hall is the head of the Purple Pavilion, the cactus on the jade hibiscus, the Taiping Heavenly Son is in the sky, and the five-colored cloud car drives the six dragons."
This is the first national anthem of the Qing Dynasty "nominally", known as "Li Zhongtang Music", but it was not officially recognized by the Qing government.
Later, Li Hongzhang visited France, coinciding with the opening of the Universal Games (the predecessor of the Olympic Games) in Paris, and Li Hongzhang was invited to watch the ceremony. The opening ceremony of the World Games is very grand, and the national flags of various countries should be raised and the national anthems of various countries should be sung. The French foreign minister sang the French national anthem "Marseillaise", and after singing, it was the turn of the representatives of the Great Qing Dynasty to sing the national anthem of their country. Li Hongzhang personally took the stage and sang a song "Jasmine" to cooperate with the flag raising, and this "Jasmine" also spread around the world.
"Li Zhongtang Music"
Later, Li Hongzhang frequently sent envoys to various countries, in view of the fact that "all countries have special national music, extreme admiration, travel to meet relatives and nobles, ministers feast, and play their own national music", while the Great Qing Dynasty did not have a national anthem, resulting in "so far all countries often have questions", he played "the whole ceremonial music, to correct the hearts of the people", the Great Qing State also began to seriously prepare for the "national anthem". The Ceremonial Hall of the Qing Dynasty immediately began to formulate the national anthem.
In the third year of Xuanun (1911), the Qing government officially designated the song "Gong Jin Ou" as the national anthem of the Qing Dynasty. "Gong Jin Ou" was composed by Yan Fu, a staff officer of the Admiralty and a famous thinker in modern times, and composed by Pu Dong, an officer of the Janissaries and a member of the royal family. The lyrics of "Gong Jin Ou" go like this:
"Gong Jin'ou, Cheng Tian, the people's things are happy, the same robes, and the Qing Dynasty is fortunate." True Xi Hao, the Imperial Firmament, the sky is high, the sea is gushing. ”
Translated into the vernacular, it reads: "Consolidate the land of Jin'ou and inherit the blessings of heaven." The people rejoiced like wild ducks frolicking in algae. I am glad to see my fellow travelers, and I am fortunate to meet the peace of the world, and I am really happy and happy. The Empire is blessed by heaven. The blue sky is high above, and the sea is churning endlessly. ”
"Gong Jin Ou"
Judging from the content of the lyrics, this song is based on the theme of promoting the "supremacy of monarchy", the sense of imperial power is extremely strong, in fact, it also reflects the so-called constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty, which is essentially a scam, and the Manchu nobles have never taken the initiative to give up their privileges. The situation of "rising peace in all seas" advocated in the content was in stark contrast to the precarious situation of the Qing government at that time.
At that time, the Great Qing Dynasty, the land was cut off and the reparations were paid, the great powers trampled on China arbitrarily, the mountains and seas were fragmented, and the corrupt people in the country were not happy, where did the Taiping prosperity come from? The most ridiculous thing is the "Imperial Firmament", which means that the Empire is blessed by the heavens for a long time. However, the year the song was released, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and the Qing Dynasty collapsed the following year. This national anthem also came to an abrupt end and became the "mourning song" of the Qing Dynasty.
Yuan Shikai of the Republic of China
There are other versions of the "Provisional National Anthem" of the Qing Dynasty, such as
"Ode to the Dragon Banner":
“
In the year of Yuswan, the Great Empire of Asia! Mountains stretch independently, rivers
Spread
Waves of civilization; four hundred trillion people gods, the earth is rich in treasures. Raise my Yellow Dragon Empire emblem and sing my imperial song!
”
On May 23, 1915, Yuan Shikai introduced a national anthem
"China's Xiongli Universe": "China's Xiongli Universe." Lang Ba Que. From the peak of Kunlun, the rivers and mountains stretch endlessly. The Republic of the Five Tribes opened yao tian, billions of years! ”
The lyrics of this "national anthem" can be called "'The language is not surprising and endless", it can be said that the earth is too small, and the universe is just right.
On July 1, 1921, the Beiyang government announced the national anthem
"Qingyun Song":
Qingyun is rotten, man is man, sun and moon are shining, dan Fudan is xi.
"This song roughly summarizes the magnificent image of the land of China, but unfortunately the meaning of the words is too profound for many people to understand."
Beiyang Duan Qirui
The funny thing is that Puyi also launched a "national anthem" in puppet Manchukuo, and the lyrics of the song are compared to the irony of reality, and I am afraid that human society cannot find the second one:
Within heaven and earth, there is a new Manchuria. New Manchuria is the new world.? Standing on top of the sky, no suffering and no worries, resulting in our country. There are only dear ones and no grudges, for the people are thirty million, and thirty million are free even if they are tenfold. Heavy benevolence and righteousness, still comity, so that I can cultivate myself; the family has been united, the country has been ruled, what else can I ask for? The near is assimilated with the world, and the far is the same as the heavens and the earth
。 ”
A second-class puppet state ruled by invaders said that it stood tall in the sky; a puppet country whose people were treated as poison gas experiments and the people did not have enough to eat and wear, said that they only had dear ones; a country that wrote a national anthem and looked at the face of the Kwantung Army also said that he had nothing else to ask for! What's more, it's really hard to hear!
【Reference: "Kiyofumi Draft", etc.]