In the tenth year of Shaoxing, in 1140 AD, there was a man in the military tent coldly looking at the eleven "golden cards" on the table, he knew that there was not much time left for him, but the Golden Soldier who had completed the Yan Wushu was already the end of the crossbow, and as long as he struck a blow, he could welcome back the Emperor Taishang and wash away the strange shame of Jing Kang's difficulties. At this time, Zhao Zhao's twelfth "Golden Character Card" was sent, ordering him to abandon all his previous efforts and immediately return to the Dynasty. He understood that he could no longer attack the Jin soldiers in the north, and he understood that he could no longer re-set foot on the invaded mountains and rivers in the north. But he resolutely obeyed the emperor's orders and defended his loyalty with death. That person was the famous anti-Jin general, Yue Fei. If Yue Fei learned that in Daming a hundred years later, there was a hero like him who defended the dignity of China, he should show a happy smile under the Nine Springs.
(Yue Fei)
The civil engineering soldiers were defeated
In 1449, August 14, the fourteenth year of the Orthodox Dynasty, which was the darkest day of the Ming Dynasty, 200,000 troops were wiped out, Zhang Pu, the Duke of Chengguo, Shangshu Kuang, and others were killed in battle, and the elite troops of the three battalions were destroyed. What is even more frightening is that the supreme ruler of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Qizhen of Ming Yingzong, was captured by Wa Laisheng. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has not only been seriously injured, but even the dignity of the dynasty has been lost.
The bad news reached the Jingshi who had been dispatched by Emperor Yingzong at that time, which could be described as a panic and chaos. Rumors of the collapse of the foundation of daming and the loss of the country spread rapidly among the people. What's more, the large landowners of the capital moved south with their families. Above the court, there were two factions that moved the capital and resisted the enemy, and the forces of Wang Zhenyu's party were intertwined. After the great victory at Tumu Fort, the Wallachians became even more wanton, and the important town in the north of The Great Ming Dynasty was intended to change the dynasty and revitalize the great Yuan Dynasty.
(Defeat of Tumu Fort)
Such internal and external troubles will see the country capsize. The empress dowager took the lead in stabilizing the turbulent situation.
On August 18 of that year, the empress dowager ordered Emperor Yingzong's half-brother Zhu Qiyu (朱祁钰) the Prince of Yingzong to oversee the country, a move to temporarily stabilize the situation. Knowing the appearance of that person, the Ming Dynasty returned to normal.
Knock on the Emperor
(Also Mr. Ming Yingzong)
Unfortunately, such a once-and-for-all scheme did not succeed.
When Yingzong was also released to shout to the soldiers at the border pass, this absurd news was urgently transmitted to Beijing by eight hundred miles. At that time, Zhu Qiyu had just been appointed as the prince of the Jianguo, and the imperial court seemed to be temporarily stable, and the waves were turbulent in the dark. Three forces filled the government and the public, and Wang Zhen's party, led by Jinyi wei and eunuchs, attempted to revive; Xu Heng, a conservative of the new generation who vigorously recommended the relocation of the capital to Yingtian and abandoned Beijing, and the main war faction, a group of old ministers, led by Yu Qian, a military attendant, and Chen Xun, a cabinet scholar, swore to defend the Beijing Division to the death.
The person who could sit on an equal footing with Yue Fei was Yu Qian. Zhu Gaoxu, who criticized the rebellion in the early days of Yu Qian, rose to fame in the court and was favored by Emperor Xuanzong's Emperor Zhu Zhanji. However, the good times did not last long, Zhu Zhanji died, and the young Zhu Qizhen listened to the treacherous words of the eunuch Wang Zhen after succeeding to the throne. Yu Qian, who opposed Wang Zhen's party, was imprisoned, and later changed to an extrovert under the enlistment of the civilian-official clique. A bumpy life creates heroes who save the country. Because of his outstanding ability, Yu Qian was promoted several times, and was promoted to the rank of bingbu waiter before Emperor Yingzong's expedition. It was this little attendant who persuaded the empress dowager to choose the right path in the face of a great crisis.
Moving south?
On August 18 of that year, under the auspices of Zhu Qiyu, the prince of the Jianguo. An important discussion began above the court about the direction of the ming dynasty's national fortunes.
The participants mainly included Zhu Qiyu, the hesitant King of Qi;
The main relocation of the capital sent a faction of attendants Xu Heng and other ministers;
The officials who swore to defend the capital, Shangshu Wang Zhi, the soldier Shilang Yu Qian, and other main warrior factions.
When the king asked for advice, Xu Heng said: "The stars have changed, and it is advisable to move south to avoid disasters." ”
(Yu Qian)
This remark, such as the sound of the empty valley foot, inspired everyone, and the chancellor and the king gradually calmed down, determining the feasibility of Yu Qian sticking to the capital division. The DPRK established the main battle strategy, and immediately appointed Yu Qian as the general manager. Yu Qian was thus an official to the Bingbu Shangshu.
At this moment, Xu Huan was ashamed and embarrassed, and silently withdrew from the hall, as if his name had been linked to humiliation and cowardice. He became the dark side of Yu Qian, and from then on, when the world remembered the heroic national hero Yu Qian, they would think of Xu Huan, a civilian official scum who was as timid as a rat. The pointer of fate quietly swirled, and the fate of the two came to a fork in the road, one choice, two lives.
After determining the strategy of the main station, Yu Qian set out to clarify Wang Zhen's castration party.
On the twenty-third day, above the court, the courtiers began to recall the bitter lesson of the change of tumu fort. The national strength of the Ming Dynasty has plummeted, which has caused today's crisis. Even more, he blamed all the blame on the body of the great eunuch Wang Zhen, who was spurned by the world. He vowed to raid Wang Zhen's entire family and destroy Wang Zhenyu's party, so as to make the people angry. At that time, Ma Shun of Wang Zhen's party angrily rebuked the Qunchen, and as a result, he was struck on the spot by the excited Zhongshu Wang Zhu, and the Qunchen was even more excited to fight and was furious. For a while, there was a mess above the hall, and Zhu Qiyu was stunned when he could see the magnificent scene of the scholar fighting in groups. When the official Shangshu Wang Zhizheng was about to make a contribution, he was stopped by the calm Yu Qian. After Yu Qianqi played the role of King Qi to forgive the ministers for their innocence, the situation gradually calmed down.
Wang Zhi sighed: "The country is relying on the public ear. Although the hundred kings can do it now!"
(Daming Jinyi Wei)
Yu Qian, who had experienced many vicissitudes, saved the life of the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu with one sentence, and since then, Yu Qian has been convinced by everyone. It was also because of this incident that Yu Qian did a smooth job in the early stage of the defense war.
Change the emperor
As the old saying goes: The three armies cannot be without a general for a day, and the country cannot be without a monarch for a day. In order to stabilize the hearts and minds of the people in the capital, it was even more important to break the conspiracy of the emperor to first knock on the pass. Yu Qian embarked on a path that he knew could not do, but had to do.
(Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne)
How could Yu Qian not know that he had embarked on the road of no return, but for the sake of sheji and the Han people's Jiangshan, he decided to take the risk with his life. In fact, as the answer in his poem:
The shattered bones are not afraid, and they must remain innocent in the human world.
This man deserves to be on par with Yue Fei!
sortie!
Yu Qian is knowledgeable and tolerant.
Shi Heng, a defeated general in the tumu fort. Emperor Yingzong fled back to Jingshi on a single horse and deserved to be imprisoned. However, Yu Qian persuaded everyone to forgive him.
There is no ever-victorious general under heaven,
It was Yu Qian who gave this deserter, who should have been spurned, a chance, and Shi Heng, who was brave after knowing the shame, really lived up to expectations. However, he did not give Yu Qian a chance to live.
Sheng Mien Dou Mi Vengeance
Shi Heng will be spurned.
With the support of Emperor Daizong, Yu Qian began preparations for the engagement with the Wala's short army:
First of all, Shi Heng and other generals were promoted, and troops were quickly transferred from all over the country, building ordnance day and night, and arming soldiers:
(Orientation and function of the Nine Gates of the Beijing Division)
In terms of logistical support, Yu Qian was even more cautious and cautious, sending heavy troops to transport grain from Tongzhou to ensure grain reserves. At the same time, he stepped up the manufacture of armor and transferred it from Nanjing, and even thought of collecting weapons and equipment from the battlefield of Tumu fort.
He also mobilized the masses and rewarded the masses who built the city walls and spied on the enemy's situation, mobilizing almost all the living forces in the capital.
With the efforts of Yu Qian and everyone, the Ming army quickly expanded from less than 100,000 to 220,000, and began to surpass the Wallachian cavalry in number, and the balance of war began to tilt.
On the first day of October in the fourteenth year of the orthodox reign, the Wallachians went south with Emperor Yingzong and broke through Juyong Pass in one fell swoop. Vala personally led the main cavalry of 30,000, intending to take the Beijing Division directly. Overthrow the Ming Dynasty.
On the ninth day of the same month, with the help of the traitor Ning Xi eunuch, he also first connected Zijingguan, Yizhou, Liangxiang, Lugou Bridge and other places.
Arrived in Beijing on the 11th. In the face of the invincible also first elite troops. Shi Heng proposed to concentrate his forces, relying on the Nine Gates, and firmly defend the capital. Yu Qian adhered to the strategy of attacking and morale first, betraying the strategy of decisive battle in the city, dividing the troops into nine gates, setting up the Fude Victory Gate, defending the battle, and yu Wala's elite fought a decisive battle under the city.
On the same day, Yu Qian defeated the Yixian vanguard and recaptured more than a thousand captured people. At the same time, night attacks on Vala, tired enemy troops.
On the twelfth day, he also took Yingzong with him outside the Desheng Gate in an attempt to force the Ming army to tie up and capture it. On the one hand, Yu Qian sent people to contact Emperor Yingzong, and on the other hand, he encouraged the three armies to eat the flesh and blood of The Wallachians.
On the thirteenth day, Yu Qian set up an ambush at Shiheng at Desheng Gate. The Divine Machine Battalion even shot and killed Ya xian's brother Polo, and the child of Pingzhang Was also buried in the gunfire. Not willing to be defeated, he attacked Xizhimen and was later defeated by Yu Qian's reinforcements.
On the fourteenth day, he also attacked the Zhangyi Gate first, because the eunuchs grabbed the merits, resulting in the Defeat of the Ming Army all the way. Later, with the support of the people's stones, they also stumbled and escaped.
The war has been raging for four days, and the capital has been unable to be captured for a long time. The Wallachians, who are good at blitzkrieg, are afraid of the support of Daming reinforcements. He also ordered that he withdraw from the battlefield by Bauhinia Pass on the fifteenth day. When Yu Qian learned of the news that he had also been defeated and retreated, he ordered Shi Heng to shell the first troops and inflict heavy losses on the first 10,000 elite cavalry. Later Fan Guang defeated Gu'an and also destroyed the army first; Shi Heng also preceded Qingfengdian.
On the seventeenth day, he also retreated to the outside of the customs.
On the twentieth day, the General of The Wallachians sent a separate tribute to the court without spending any money to seek peace.
The defense of the capital ended with the complete victory of the Ming Dynasty.
The victory in the defense of the capital was the result of the unity of the monarch and the people when the Ming Dynasty faced the overthrow. This incident highlighted the arrogance of the Ming Dynasty in vowing to die, and also emerged national heroes such as Yu Qian. It is precisely because of such a loyal and courageous national model. Only after thousands of years can the Chinese nation still shine.
The defense of the capital was an important decision point for the Ming Dynasty, and if it chose to retreat, then I am afraid that the proud Ming Dynasty, which was not a non-aligned, wanted to live in a corner like the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and enjoy it.
Heroes create current events, and Yu Qian should be praised by future generations. If the world is faint, then Yu Qian is a beam of light for the Ming Dynasty, a light for salvation. Yu Qian did what Yue Fei did not accomplish a hundred years ago, and he should become the light of the nation.
Resources
Ming Guan xiu - "Ming Shilu"
Qing Zhang Tingyu - History of the Ming Dynasty, Zhonghua Bookstore
Ming Yuqian - "Lime Yin"