Shanxi migration map
The relationship between Li Yue and Feng Yi and Liu Lin
Genealogy of the Feng Yi Feng clan
According to the above oral traditions of grandfather, father and Li Yue, as well as the genealogy of Fengyi, the author believes that there is a migration relationship between Li Yue- Fengyi and Liulin, especially the migration of Liling and Fengyi, and the context is clear.
The link between immigrants for business is transportation
This information is particularly strong among the residents of Fengyi Town in Tunliu County, and almost blurts out. According to Mr. Feng Shuzhong, when he was sorting out the village history of Li Yue, he heard that some Fengyi people had gone to Li Yue in recent years to find their roots; Li Yue also had oral traditions in successive generations, and Feng Shuzhong and Li Yuefeng, who were born after the 1940s, also told the author: "The Feng family in the world is a family, and li yuan is looking for his own family in the tomb of Li Yuan." The connotation of its entrainment is: The Shangdang Feng clan is originally a family, and its root ancestor is the Korean Shangdang Taishou Feng Ting - Feng Fengshi lineage in the Warring States period; the Feng ancestral land on the north side of Li Yue Village - Li Yuan Tomb, buried with the ancestors of the Feng clan in previous generations, and the Feng clan scattered everywhere can find a branch that belongs to you. Another piece of information passed down from the village of Li Yue: Several brothers of the Feng clan migrated to other places in the early Ming Dynasty, leaving only one to guard the ancestral house and guard the tomb. This legend can initially be connected with the legend of Fengyi and the genealogical records.
Written by An jiesheng
However, the information on "Fengyi's return to Liulin" is weaker; this information is mainly from the oral transmission of Liulin's grandfather thirty or forty years ago, and now that his grandfather has passed away for 22 years, the clues have been broken. The author has been informed that the Feng surname of Liulin has a family relationship with the village of Li Yue in the south, which has a group memory, which should be credible; but what happened between Li Yue and Liu Lin?
It's full of great suspense.
The author has asked several Fengyi villagers, and they have all expressed vague expressions on this issue. Feng Yi Feng Manhong's corresponding words are, "Five sons are missing two." The author boldly speculates from this: Will it be that these two sons returned to Liulin?
According to the ancestral tomb, the father speculated that the ancestors should return to Liulin around 1664, while Feng Wang and his fifth son immigrated to Fengyi in the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369), a difference of nearly 300 years. This shows that Fengyi immigrant Liulin has nothing to do with Feng Wang's father and son, and seems to be related to Feng Wang's heirs.
The author also expanded his thinking analysis: Could it be that Liulin Feng's clan is from a certain village under Fengyi Town? Why is it inappropriate to be found in its place of migration?! Thinking along with this, further infiltration research is needed in the villages around Fengyi with the surname Feng, and there may be new discoveries.
The author found two questions from the oral transmission of "Feng Wang Immigrant Feng Yi": First, is the time when the five Feng brothers of Liling immigrated - is the second year of Ming Hongwu accurate? If accurate, it seems to have nothing to do with the Hongdong Locust Tree Immigration Policy, because the Migration of the Great Locust Tree began as early as the third year of Ming Hongwu (1370); and from the analysis of national migration, it is unlikely that "single-family immigration" will occur. Feng Wang's single-family immigration situation did not conform to the logic of the national policy at that time. If the time of his migration is determined to be the second year of Ming Hongwu, then the migration of Feng Wang's father and son is most likely a "private act".
The author met with the famous historical geographer Mr. Ge Jianxiong
In November 2020, I met An Jiesheng of Fudan University at Changzhi College. Anzu is a native of Jiexiu, Shanxi, and the author is the same as the author, who studied under Mr. Ge Jianxiong, and is now the deputy director, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Chinese Historical Geography, who has studied immigration and written the book "History of Migration in Shanxi". Regarding the matter of "Ming Hongwu's two-year immigration", the author once asked An at the dinner table, and he did not comment on it, and could not give a clear answer.
I broaden my thinking that there may be two types of private immigration: forced migration and developmental migration, that is, the principle of thrust-gravity. Li Yue is located in the hinterland of the Shangdang Basin, and when it comes to living and livable conditions, it is naturally much better than that of Tunliu District, moreover, the population of Li Yue Village at that time was smaller than today, there was no "narrow and densely populated land", and the conditions for "forced migration" did not seem to exist; of course, there was also a possibility, such as natural disasters and man-made disasters, bullying by strong ethnic groups, and also the external cause of Feng Wang's uprooting from his hometown. For example, Gu Yanwu, a great Confucian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was forced by his enemy Ye Fangheng in his hometown of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, to leave his hometown at the age of 45 and go north, and finally died in Quwo, Shanxi, after more than 20 years of wandering. But Feng Wang was forced to emigrate, and there was no evidence to support it.
As for "developmental migration", further thinking and analysis is needed: Feng Wang belongs to a peasant and should not have "special accumulation" in terms of wealth and vision. In view of this, the most likely possibility of selective immigration is "the need to do business" or "the need to pursue a better life". Some people may ask: Compared with Fengyi Town, Liyue in Shangdang District is a rich land, so why did Feng Wang leave Liyue and choose to develop in the remote and backward Tunliu Fengyi? According to the principle of thrust-gravity, there must be a huge attraction in Fengyi.
Taiyue Mountains
After repeated investigation of tunliu and its surrounding geography and traffic, it was found that Fengyi is located on the western edge of the Shangdang Basin, and the road from Lu'an Province to Pingyang Province passes through it, and 12Km to its west is the eastern edge of the Taiyue Mountains, not far from the mountain is Shangdang Pass, and out of the pass is Yueyang County, which is the boundary of Pingyang Province. In the middle of the two provinces, due to the Taiyue Mountains, traffic is rugged and difficult to travel, and only this official road runs smoothly. In ancient times, the function of the post road was compound, both a military and political road and a trade route, as long as someone passed along the way, business opportunities appeared. It can be seen that the biggest advantage of the Fengyi area is the location, transportation advantages, and accessibility.
It is located above the junction of Tunliu and Anze
It is very likely that the Fung family is a home that relies on the post road.
In addition, Feng Manhong's dictation can also be used as circumstantial evidence. According to his recollection, Fengyi did not have a village at that time, but it was formed because the ancestor Feng Wang was born. Feng Wang reclaimed the wasteland here, used the post road to open a shop, and gradually gained a foothold; later, he absorbed some families with different surnames and gradually became a village. In Fengyi, the author also found the ruins of pawnshops and chemadians surnamed Feng in the Ming Dynasty, some of which collapsed.
Some people will ask: How did Feng Wang choose this place in Fengyi?
The distance from Liyu to Fengyi is about 50 km, and the same is true from Fengyi to Liulin, which involves the three counties of Changzhi (that is, Shangdang District), Changzi and Tunliu. This stretch of road spread out in the Shangdang Basin, which was basically a flat road, but at that time it was far beyond the scope of an ordinary peasant's activities.
One of the basic logics of migration is that family migration is not trivial, before migration, you must first be familiar with this place, and there should be enough reasons to migrate to complete the migration. Here I can't help but ask: Fengwang District, a farmer with a limited range of activities, how can you find Fengyi here?