Migration and distribution of major branches of the Zhang surname migration history

Migration and distribution of major branches of the Zhang surname migration history

The surname Zhang originated from "Qingyang", which is the Qing River Valley in ancient Jizhou. The Qing river originated in the Taihang Mountains at the junction of present-day Henan and Shanxi provinces, flowing through Present-day Xinxiang and Puyang in Henan Province, Qinghe and Cangzhou in Hebei Province, and entering the sea from Tianjin. The area around Puyang in the upper reaches of the Qing River is the "Ruins of The Tomb of the Emperor Of The Ancients" (the place where the ancient emperors built the capital), which may be the origin of the Zhang surname. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a man named "Zhang Zhong" who once assisted King Xuan of Zhou. He was the ancestor of the Zhang surname first seen in ancient texts. By the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty (in present-day Shanxi Province) was an important area where people surnamed Zhang gathered. During the Warring States period, the Jin state was divided into three kingdoms: Han, Zhao, and Wei, and the ancestors surnamed Zhang then migrated to the north and south of the Yellow River to establish a homeland in the wider Central Plains. The Han and Tang dynasties were the flourishing period of China's feudal society and the glorious era of the ancestors surnamed Zhang. They worked hard and fought tenaciously, showing their martial courage and wisdom, and establishing great achievements.

In the Yellow River and even the Yangtze River Basin, there are many well-known Zhang surnames. With the great migration of people and the great integration of nationalities that began during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the footprints of the ancestors surnamed Zhang not only spread throughout the north and south of the great river, but also reached the coastal areas of Lingnan, southwest, northwest, northeast and southeast, and the traces of the Zhang surnamed people can be seen in most parts of the country. By the time of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the ancestors of the Zhang surname were more widely distributed in the mainland of the motherland. They have not only begun to reach Taiwan, Hainan and other coastal islands of Our country, but have also stepped out of the country and gone to Southeast Asia and the rest of the world.

1

Pre-Qin period

In the pre-Qin period, they went from the Three Jin Dynasties to the princely states. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the helpless and irresistible factors such as the iron flow of soldiers and pawns who fought thousands of miles, the tide of displaced people caused by natural disasters and natural disasters, and the political storm of misfortune and happiness promoted the migration of the ancestors of the Zhang surname, and the formation of the post-war unification situation and the stable development of society needed the prosperous and prosperous Zhang family to pursue a new living space on their own. Therefore, as mentioned earlier, by the Time of the Western Han Dynasty, the Zhang family moved from ancient Jizhou to many states, counties and counties in the country, and formed several famous and prestigious families.

2

Qin and Han Dynasty

The earliest migration of the Surname Zhang to the Southwest region was seen in 316 BC, when King Huiwen of the Qin State sent Zhang Ruo as the Defender of the State of Shu and organized the Qin people to enter the Bai clan of Zhang in present-day Yunnan and Sichuan, which is said to have migrated from Longxi during the Warring States Period, and is estimated to be an immigrant organized by Zhang Ruo. This descendant had the surname Zhang, and it was mainly from the Guanzhong and Longxi regions. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, the political and cultural center of the country was in the Guanzhong region, and whenever there was a major change such as war or palace coup, the dignitaries surnamed Zhang in the Gyeonggi region often followed the imperial court to take refuge in the southwest. The Tang Guozi supervisor Zhang Phosphorus, which we will talk about below, moved south to Chengdu with Emperor Xuanzong in the first year of Guangming (880) to avoid the peasant rebel army. The first stop of Zhang's entry into the southwest from abroad was generally in the present-day Sichuan region (the Ming and Qing dynasties also entered from Guizhou and Yunnan), and then migrated to Yun, Guizhou, and Tibet. The "History of yuan and geography" talks about Huichuan Road Yongchang Prefecture (Huichuan Road jurisdiction is in the border area of present-day Yunnan, Luzhi is in present-day Huili County, Sichuan, Yongchang Prefecture is in present-day Sichuan in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty is in present-day Yunnan

3

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

After the outbreak of the Ye Shuijia Rebellion in the early 4th century AD, the Western Jin Dynasty soon collapsed, and the country was once again in a long period of division. The Central Plains and Guanzhong regions, the centers of Zhang's ancestors' activities, have been in the midst of war for more than 270 years, especially during the "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms" period, and their living environment has been extremely devastated. In order to survive, they and the people of other surnames in the north left their homes and moved south in large numbers, forming a population migration of unprecedented scale in history. For example, Zhang Yun, a native of Fangcheng (in present-day southwest of Gu'an County, Hebei), was forced to abandon his home in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and move south with his wife and children with Emperor Yuan of Jin to settle down near Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu). And the descendants of his brother, who struggled to hold on in the chaos of the war, persisted for three more generations, and in the hands of his great-grandson Zhang Anzhi, it was already the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Chang'an really couldn't bear the pain of this long-term war disaster, so he had to lead his people to move south to Xiangyang (present-day Xiangfan, Hubei). Throughout the Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Zhang family in the Central Plains, like other Han families, often led hundreds of thousands of people to move south en masse in order to escape the rule of the backward Xiongnu, Xian, Qiang, Xianbei and other ethnic minorities. In order to resettle them, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern regimes of the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen all set up prefectures, counties, and counties to administer them according to the names of the prefectures and counties where they were originally from, which was the famous Qiao Prefecture county system that accompanied this great wave of immigration.

The Zhang clan of Loulan (present-day Lop Nur, Xinjiang) were also mostly descendants of the Tunken warlords of the Wei and Jin dynasties. In the fourth year (263) of the Loulan Dynasty Jingyuan dynasty, there was the concurrent general Zhang Lu, and in the third year of the Qin Dynasty (267), there was the Water Cao Governor Tian Rafter Zhang Diao and the Gong Cao Zhang Gui. In the fourth year of the Qin Dynasty (268), there were Zhang Feng under the Bell, Zhang Fu and Zhang Jun. They could not return to the east because of the war in the Central Plains, so they had to stay in the local area. His descendants still reproduce in the northwest.

4

Sui and Tang Dynasties Period

At the same time as the Tang Dynasty, the Bohai State had many nobles with the surname Zhang. In the early years of the fifth dynasty, the Bohai state was forced by the Khitan to flee to the northeast border of China, and some ancestors surnamed Zhang followed from the Bohai Bay area north to the Kanto Region. By the Time of the Liaojin Dynasty, which had replaced the Khitans, the Bohai clan of the Northeast Had become a large surname, so much so that some people with other surnames had to change their surnames to Zhang. During this period, there were many people with the name Zhang, including Zhang Xiaojie of Chaoyang and Zhang Lin of Shenzhou (present-day Shenyang) in the Liao Dynasty; in the Jin Dynasty, there were brothers Zhang Rulin and Zhang Rubi of Liaoyang who changed their surnames from Gao, who were wenwu officials who were famous for a while, and in the last years of the Jin Dynasty, there were also Jinzhou people Zhang Whale and Zhang Zhen brothers who cut the land and claimed the title of xiong. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many Khitans, Jurchens, and Manchus changed their surnames to Zhang, and they followed the horse team to fight and traveled to various parts of the northeast.

Some of the Zhang surnames in present-day northeastern China are descendants of people who invaded the Kwantung in the interior, mainly from Shandong and Hebei. Most of the people who invaded the Kanto were people who fled the famine and war, and they either dragged their families with their families, sought a place to live, or intermarried with local indigenous people, and it was even more difficult for them to start a business.

5

Song and Yuan dynasties

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers went south to the later Mongols to the south. During this period, the whole country experienced three major migrations, and the northern population migrated to bashu, Lianghuai, Southeast, and Lingnan, and the same was true of the Zhang surname, which can be seen from the situation we described below, and there are more such records in the Zhang family tree.

In the tide of southward migration, the southern region was also accompanied by the movement of the Zhang surname to the east or west, such as the Southern Song Dynasty with Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) as the capital, and many famous and prestigious families often moved east to accommodate the national political, economic and cultural center, such as Zhang Jun, a mianzhu man who resisted the Jin Dynasty, moved east to Ningxiang, Hunan, and after several generations of development, became a large family. In the early Yuan, early Ming, and early Qing dynasties, there were migration actions from the southeast to the southwest, and the migration from Jiangxi to Hunan still has the saying that Xianggan is an "old watch".

6

Overseas Zhang's

Vietnamese Đồ

Vietnam has the national hero of the Anti-French Resistance, Zhang Ding (?) —1864)。 In 1860, when the French colonial army invaded southern Vietnam, Zhang Ding, who was then the deputy "Guan Qi", organized an army to resist in Egong and other places in 1861, which was echoed by the broad masses of the people. The following year, the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty transferred him to another post in an attempt to break the uprising. The rebel soldiers and civilians resolutely retained him and publicly promoted him as the Grand Marshal of Pingxi to lead the anti-French struggle. Zhang Ding was killed in 1864, and his son Zhang Quan continued to command the anti-French army on the Vietnamese-Cambodian border until 1870.

North Korean Jang

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, King Zhang Luo of Joseon was annexed to the Han Dynasty, and in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (108 BC), he was made a marquis ("Hanshu Meritorious Service List"). This is the earliest record of the Korean Jang clan in Chinese literature. After 2000, the Korean Lee Dynasty was accompanied by the painter Jang Seung-ye (1845-1899). Since his parents died in childhood, his life was poor, and he was once a slave to others. After studying hard, he finally became famous and was one of the most influential realist painters of the Lee Dynasty in North Korea. He is good at painting landscapes, figures, flowers, and animals, especially in folded flowers. The brushwork is refined and powerful, the colors are fresh and clear, the main trend is vivid and bold, and it is rich in national characteristics, which occupies an important position in the history of Korean painting. There are many masterpieces, representative works include "Plum" and "Crab".

Zhang Tiande, Chairman of the Center for Chinese Culture and Community in Philadelphia, USA. Dr. Ligang Zhang, a native of Taiwan, is the Manager of the Quantum Structures Department at the Thomas Orson Research Center, An international business machines corporation. Yunqiao Zhang is a senior chief engineer in space aviation at the American Aeronautics and Space Administration. Zhang Fulin, born in Costa Rica in 1950, his grandfather Zhang Wenting, moved from Guangdong to Costa Rica in 1905, and later to the United States, Zhang Fulin was launched on January 12, 1986 as an astronaut of the Spacecraft Columbia. Zhang Zhancheng is the Chief Accountant of the World Bank in Washington, D.C. Zhang Daoxing, a native of Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, is the president of Lincoln University in the United States. Professor Zhang Guangzhi is a professor of history at Harvard University in the United States. Chunshu Zhang is a professor of history at the University of Missouri. Professor Zhang Jueming, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences and a genetic biologist known as the "father of the contraceptive pill", completed the "in vitro fertilization" test in rabbits in 1959. Zhang Yuegui, female, is an administrative officer in california, United States. Zhang Wen, female, moved to the United States from Hong Kong in 1967, and served as the host and editor-in-chief of the "Global Hope" television series in the United States, and a researcher at the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. Zhang Rong, female, watercolor painter, lives in southern California, USA, won the first place in the painting group of the Annual Art Competition of the United Artists Association of America in 1987, and became the president of the National Watercolor Association in 1984. Julia Zhang Bullock, female, born in China, moved to Hong Kong with her parents in 1951 and then moved to the United States, and later married Stuart Bullock, a real estate agent and big businessman, and is currently the U.S. ambassador to Nepal. Zhang Weizhan, a high school student at the Bronx School of Science in New York, USA, won the ninth place in the 1991 Science Prize Competition in the United States. Michael Zhang, a Chinese-American tennis player, mother Betty Zhang, father surnamed Joe, lives in PralinSenhe, California. Professor Zhang Xiangtong, former director of the Shanghai Brain Research Institute, was appointed as an international scholar by the Vogti International Center of the National Institute of Health Of the U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare in 1980.

Zhang, Indonesia

Zhang Duyuan, a native of Yunnan, is a Sumatran overseas Chinese capitalist. Zhang Weiju was the founder of the People's Daily in the late Qing Dynasty and Java.

Brunei Cheung

Zhang Min, a native of Zhangzhou, moved to Brunei and made great contributions to the development of industry, agriculture and commerce in Brunei. The King of Brunei was given the title of Datuk.

History of the Migration of the Zhang Family in China!