Editor's note: The Cold Weapons Research Institute has previously passed a number of articles and even opened a column of cold research and military expositions, introducing the collection of cold weapons and ancient war equipment in the Chinese Revolutionary Military Museum (hereinafter referred to as the Military Museum) after the re-reinforcement and decoration of the military museum. Recently, after many inquiries, I finally got the truth: the military expo is about to resume the exhibition of Chen Longji sabre, the time is after the "eleventh" in 2019, the location is located on the first floor of the military museum In the Qing Dynasty part of the "Chinese Military Exhibition", which is definitely worth a look.
This exhibit is identified as one of the imperial weapons of the Qing Dynasty in the "Military Exhibition of Chinese Dynasties" of the Military Museum (the rest are the royal golden peach bow and the royal various arrows) For a long time, the name of this knife has been a hot topic in the sword collection community, and the original sign of the military museum is simple with two words "treasure sword".
The following picture is a picture of the renovation and reinforcement of the previous military exhibition Chen: ?
After 2013, junbo's old official website (this page is now offline) has described this knife as follows (original traditional copy): Emperor Sabre of the Mid-Qing Dynasty (Qing Dynasty Gilded Dragon Silk Imperial Battle Sabre), "Size: Total length 93.5CM, Blade length 82.6CM? Broadband 4.8CM, knife back urn (鑲?) The uve is a variant, the original text is so) embedded in a golden dragon, the bottom of the blade near the handguard on both sides of the five-clawed golden dragon relief, the handguard on both sides of the floral relief, the two sides of the handguard are inlaid with red coral 2, turquoise 4. Knife back, hand guard (鑲?) The inlays and reliefs are both iron-clad or pure gold. The front of the knife handle is embedded with 2 red corals and 1 green turquoise on each side, and the two sides of the end of the handle are embedded with 1 red coral and 2 turquoise. The knife was collected at the early days of the Museum. For a variety of reasons, there was no complete collection of information about the knife at that time. At the beginning of 2012, three experts, including the National Cultural Relics Identification Committee, the National Museum and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, were identified as the emperor's sabre in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and named it "Qing Dynasty Gilded Dragon Ribbon Royal Battle Sword". "I personally disagree with the rigor of this designation: 1. The gilded claim is inappropriate. Physical observation This knife decoration process is iron gilded rather than gilded. The documents collected by the Qing Palace, such as the "Ministry of Works' Rules" and "Illustrations of Imperial Ceremonial Instruments", have made detailed explanations of the processes and manifestations of processes such as "gold" and "gold leaf", and whether there are pure gold pieces need to be scientifically verified. I will not repeat it here. (Whether there is inlaid gold, wrong gold process to be examined) 2, the dragon pattern is too wide, which is not conducive to highlighting the important decorative process and characteristics of the dragon's spine knife. 3. The royal honor guard sabre is not appropriate, but the thing from the royal family is unmistakable. Since the author believes that the previous official website of the military blog is inappropriate, how should this knife be called? Let's first refer to it as the Dragon's Back Knife based on his salient characteristics.
There is not more than one Dragon's Back Knife, and I have listed them separately for the reference of the same people. There are at least two blade types of dragon's spine knives, one is the single-edged type of the head of the knife, and the other is the single-edged type of the head of the sword. 1. Single-bladed shape of the knife head: The following picture shows the lot of sotheby's Auction in Hong Kong in 2010 in the middle of the Qing Dynasty:
In addition to the military museum and the 2010 Hong Kong auction, there are four similar dragon spine knives known at home and abroad: Baotou Wudang summons a lack of sheath mouth dragon spine knife, Guangdong private collectors have a sheath tail dragon spine knife and an unsheathed dragon spine knife each, American collectors are suspected of being equipped with an unsheathed dragon spine knife, and it is known that there are six similar styles of knife head dragon spine knives that currently exist. Second, the sword head single-edged shape: the following figure is the currently known two? Collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing Qianlong in the middle of the Qing Dynasty:
The following picture shows the collection of the French Military Museum in Paris in the middle of the Qing Dynasty:
The single-bladed sword with the head of the sword is easy to say, and the "Illustration of the Imperial Ceremonial Instrument" is placed there: The following picture is the Emperor Jili's attendant sabre:
So what is the name of this single-edged dragon's back knife? Some say it's a big parade of sabre. What does the Great Parade Sabre look like? There is a picture and a truth, and the big reading knife is obviously not a dragon's back knife! The picture below shows the Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House/The Commercial Press (Hong Kong) publishing the Palace Museum's collection of cultural relics and treasures " Qing Palace Wubei "Qing Palace Wubei":
The following figure shows the Qianlong Grand Reading:
The actual object is consistent with the illustration, the Da Yue Sabre does not have a dragon spine and is a single-slot knife, and is attached to the golden peach skin sheath. The Dragon's Back Sword was only available in the Imperial Ceremonial Instrument Illustration, and the Imperial Ritual Instrument Illustration was written in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759) and supplemented in the thirty-first year of Qianlong (1766). The physical proof that the royal sabre before and after this does not necessarily match the "Illustration of Imperial Ceremonial Instruments". The author believes that regardless of the straight-edged knife at the head of the sword, the single-edged knife at the head of the sword, the typical features of the unique gold dragon's back knife can be regarded as a royal sabre, not a large parade sabre. Some people also believe that the waist knife with the golden dragon blade on the back should be used between the Kangxi Dynasty and the middle and early Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty to make rewards for nobles, temples and meritorious personnel, counting reward supplies, this basis is only because there are 6 single-bladed knives at the head of the knife, and wudang summons this knife. First of all, this number does not represent anything. The emperor also read more than one sabre. In addition to the inlaid treasure emperor parade sabre in the picture above, the Forbidden City Hongyi Pavilion Martial Arts Exhibition also exhibited another emperor parade sword that is not inlaid with treasure. The picture below shows another emperor's sword parade at the Forbidden City in Beijing:
Regarding the question of whether it is a rewarded knife, I asked, is it true that the royal swords in the temple are specially used for reward? Of course not. To take a simple example, in the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), Kangxi Marched west to Kaldan triumphantly, and when he returned to Beijing, he passed through Naturalization City, and when Chongfu Temple was built, the Kangxi Emperor gave chongfu temple armor with his personal combat sword armor, which was not specially made for rewards. The following picture shows the Bozang Kangxi battle knife in Inner Mongolia Province:
The knife is part of the costume that cannot be split between analysis. Except for the occasion of the great parade and armor-piercing, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty usually did not carry a knife, but was carried by a bodyguard, and such a knife was called a sword with attendants. The guards on the left also carried the emperor's attendants. The picture below is a partial enlarged picture on the right of the "Hunting and Dinner Chart", and the guard holding the knife I drew with a blue circle:
The following figure shows the imperial ceremonial instrument diagram of the book shadow:
The picture below shows that the Baotou Wudang Collection collection is called "long-bladed waist knife":
The Emperor's attendant sabre was very close to the Dragon's Back Sword in all aspects, and there were golden dragon mouths. But the biggest difference between the Dragon's Back Sword and the Emperor's Attendant Sabre is the width, we see that the blade of the Great Parade is one inch and five minutes wide, the Dragon's Back Sword Head JiLi Sabre blade is not counted as the Dragon's Spine, and the Width of the Dragon's Sword is only nine points, which is obviously a narrow strip, and it is impossible to have a gold high relief Dragon Ridge. Some people have deduced that the Dragon's Back Sword was formed after the imperial ceremonial instrument diagram was written into a book, but the pain was unfounded. In summary, the author believes that the military blog and similar knife head single-bladed gold dragon ridge knife should be tentatively named: Qing Royal Family Back Golden Dragon Sabre is more appropriate. The above are personal opinions and are for reference only.
This article is the original manuscript of the Cold Weapons Research Institute. The original outline of the editor-in-chief and the author Leng Yan saw, any media or public account without written authorization shall not be reproduced, and the offender will be investigated for legal responsibility.