In June 1831 (the eleventh year of Daoguang), the completion of the Sacred Virtue Divine Monument Pavilion in the QingXi Tombs finally gave Daoguang and the ministers a sigh of relief. Why is it said that it turns out that this monument pavilion took as long as 10 years from the groundbreaking to the final construction, which was the longest among the monuments of the emperors of previous dynasties, and it is not even an exaggeration to say that the time taken by this project is longer than the construction of an imperial mausoleum, which is really incredible.
Qingchang Mausoleum
The longest-lasting Changling Monument Pavilion project
According to the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty, after each emperor died and was buried in the imperial tomb underground palace, the successor emperor should routinely erect the Sacred Virtue Divine Meritorious Monument and build the Sacred Virtue Divine Meritorious Monument Pavilion. And when it comes to the Monument of Divine Virtue, referred to as the Monument of Merit, it comes from the history that has been handed down since ancient times."
Ancestors have merit and ancestors have virtue
The meaning of this is to record the deeds of the former emperor through inscriptions. Since the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, in addition to Shunzhi as a "
Enter the First Emperor
"Erect a monument to divine merit (
The merit of the ding-ding is greater than that of virtue
In addition, from the kangxi all the way to the imperial tombs of Jiaqing, there are monuments of sacred virtue and divine merit.
Next, through a set of data, we will take a specific look at the construction time of each Shengde Shengong Monument Pavilion: Jingling (Kangxi) Shengde Shengong Monument Pavilion began to be established in 1725 (Yongzheng THREE) and was completed in 1729 (Yongzheng 7th Year), a total of 4 years; The Tailing (Yongzheng) Shengde Shengong Monument Pavilion was established in 1737 (Qianlong 2nd year) and completed in 1742 (Qianlong 7th year), a total of 5 years; Yuling (Qianlong) Shengde Shengong Monument Pavilion was established in 1799 (Jiaqing 4th year), It took more than 3 years until 1803 (the eighth year of Jiaqing) to complete, and the Changling (Jiaqing) Sacred Virtue Divine Meritorious Monument Pavilion began to be established in April 1821 (the first year of Daoguang), but it was not built until June 1831 (the eleventh year of Daoguang), a total of 10 years. In this way, it takes more time than the stele pavilion projects of the two emperors of Kangxi and Yongzheng combined, which can be called the largest in the Qing Dynasty.
Kangyong Qianjia Four Tombs Sacred Virtue Divine Meritorious Monument Pavilion Working Hours Statistical Table
So what is the reason why the monumental pavilion project of Jiaqing Changling took so long? Probably many friends see here, will first think of Daoguang, who is planning a project for Jiaqing. Because he loved frugality in his life, could it be that he felt that the cost of the project was too expensive, so the specifications were constantly reduced and eventually led to the delay in the completion of the project? In fact, in the matter of building a monument pavilion for his father Jiaqing, Daoguang was still very generous, not only because he was doing things for his father, which could reflect filial piety; but also to leave a good impression on the hundred officials, which could make the subjects more obedient.
Plan the project with heart and show filial piety
Speaking of the generosity of Daoguang, it is embodied in three aspects.
Emperor Khao Ren Zongrui of Qin wei held the imperial throne and Bingzhe Suiyu. Kindness is like heaven, the happiness of Puhuan District, the wisdom of the sage, the canon of the YiYi. Wei Huan Gong wen, far beyond the ancient. Now that the Changling Tomb ceremony is completed, the Monument of Divine Virtue and Divine Merit should be built, and Zhao Zi will come to promise.
First, in the level of the minister of the monument pavilion project
Compared with previous cases, Changling is no exaggeration to rank first. Jiaqing was buried in the Changling Underground Palace on March 23, 1821 (the first year of Daoguang), and 27 days later, Daoguang issued an edict to the cabinet in accordance with the ancestral system, in order to ""
Now that the Changling Tomb ceremony is completed, the Monument of Divine Virtue and Divine Merit should be built, and Zhao Zi will come to promise
The official edict was issued to start the Changling Monument Pavilion Project.
Portrait of Jiaqing
Because the stele pavilions of the kings of previous dynasties were built after the completion of the imperial tomb for many years after the emperor was buried in the underground palace, for the Ai Xin Jueluo family, the stele pavilion was the second largest project after the imperial mausoleum, so it was customary to form a separate engineering office, and the emperor appointed his cronies as the ministers of repair.
The construction of the monument and the erection of stone monuments in Changling are all handled by Ur Gong'a, Mian'en, Mu Zhang'a, and Akdang'a.
The reason why it is said that the chancellor of the Changling Monument Pavilion has the highest rank, because in the list approved by the second Daoguang in the beginning of May in 1821 (the first year of Daoguang), there are the names of Ur Gong'a and Mian'en, who were the seventh grandson of Zilharang (Nurhaci nephew) the Prince of Zhengxian, and inherited the title of Prince Zheng in 1794 (the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong). Mian'en's relationship with the royal family was even closer, and he was the second son of Yong Huang, the prince of Ding'an, the eldest son of Qianlong, and in 1793 (the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong), he was enfeoffed as the Prince of Ding.
Changling Longfeng Gate
The lineup of ministers composed of two princes has not only never existed in the previous stele pavilion projects, but also in the case of the construction of the imperial tomb.
Second, in the regulation of the monument pavilion
The Daoguang Emperor also ordered people to imitate Qianlong's Yuling Monument Pavilion and built double monuments for the Changling Monument Pavilion, which can be seen in Daoguang's great strokes. The reason is very simple, since the Beginning of the Kangxi Jingling, although a precedent for erecting double monuments has been created, it is because the merit monuments of the Qing Dynasty need to be engraved with Manchu and Han characters, and although the Shunzhi Emperor has the merit of Dingding Zhongyuan, due to his short reign (18 years), the final draft is only 1446 characters, even if the Manchus are all engraved, a stele is enough.
However, Kangxi reigned for 61 years, made countless achievements in his life, and finally the number of inscriptions was as long as 4314, which was absolutely impossible to put down in one stele. The same was true of Qianlong (who reigned for 60 years), and Jiaqing reigned for 25 years, and the number of inscriptions was 2597, and if it was handled properly, one stele could be barely put down, and Daoguang chose Changling to use two stele, which was enough to see that he was still very willing at this time.
Changling Sacred Virtue Monument
Third, let's look at the cost of the monument project
After careful calculations by the ministers and craftsmen, the Changling Monument Pavilion was estimated to use silver
244100 two 6 dollars 8 minutes 4 cents
And the entire Yuling Monument Pavilion in Qianlong is estimated to use silver
237789 two 1 cent 0 cents 1 cent
。 In contrast, Changling actually spent more than 6300 taels more than Yuling, and in the actual transportation of stone and wood, Daoguang successively increased the allocation of a total of 22300 taels, and the economic level of the Jiadao period was far behind that of the Kangqian dynasty, and Daoguang was even more rare to do so.
Logically, all the preliminary work has been prepared and planned for a long time, and the monument pavilion project will definitely not be delayed until 10 years to complete. However, things did not go as Daoguang had hoped, and it was not until the summer of 1831 (Daoguang's eleventh year) that the monument project was finally completed.
Daoguang stills
Eight years of wood procurement and transportation
The main reason for the slow delay in the project is that there is a problem with the wood used in the monument pavilion. According to the regulations, the wood required for the project must be nan wood and cypress wood, and it must be large pieces, and the two kinds of wood plants must grow slowly. At that time, only the four provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan met the conditions.
But this is not the most difficult, since the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, from the Shunzhi to the Daoguang years, palaces, imperial tombs, monument pavilions, all kinds of projects continue, many times even count the number of workers at the same time, the required materials are the same. After years of logging, large wood plants are almost extinct, and the growth rate of new wood plants can not catch up with the frequency of project construction, when the Changling Monument Pavilion needs wood, the situation is prone to embarrassment, according to the "Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty", the task assigned by the imperial court to Jiangsu is as many as more than 800 wood plants, and the rest of the provinces can be imagined.
Changling Sacred Virtue Divine Meritorious Monument Pavilion
The province produces few cypress wood. Nan wood is also rare and large material. Stack up and down. Overdue. It is bound to be delayed in vain. Cause delay. Self-actual situation. Urgong'a, Muzhang'a, gozishuan, and ascertained the exact number of wood needed for the monumental project. If the individual pieces have now been shipped. Foot compress application. It is possible to stop the procurement of cypress trees and nanmu that have not been obtained in the province.
Affected by the above situation, from September 1821 (the first year of Daoguang) began to officially start, until 1824 (Daoguang four years), Hunan Jiangsu and other provinces failed to complete the task. Song Fu, who was the governor of Hunan at the time, gave a compromise to Daoguang"
Repeated searches do not match the length of the book opening path
"Deeply expressed his helplessness. Equally helpless, there is also Daoguang, who replied to Song Fu's fold with "
The province produces few cypress wood, and the nan wood is also rare and large, which is a real situation
"Acknowledging the fact that Hunan is indeed unsustainable for wood planting, and in order to prevent"
Cause delay
", Daoguang ordered the minister to re-examine whether the wood needed for the Changling Monument Pavilion was sufficient.""
If the current shipment of wood is sufficiently applied, the procurement of cypress and nan wood that has not been obtained in the province can be stopped
。 ”
After another inspection, according to the existing full number of wood plants in Sichuan and some of the wood plants collected in Hubei, Jiangsu, Hunan, are sufficient. Relieved, Daoguang issued a decree on June 23, 1824 (the fourth year of Daoguang), to order the remaining unstandard wood in Hunan to stop the procurement, and then ordered the four provinces to "quickly transport all the wood plants that had been collected to the work for application, without delay."
The Inner Sayings, Ur Gong'a, etc., please apply the wood plant a fold. Changling Shengde Shengong Monument Building Project. Required nanbai wood plants. It was procured by Sichuan Province. Members are dissolved. March of this year. All cross yellow. It's been a few months now. It was not reported to have been brought into the Eastern Territory. Work required. It is too long to be delayed. Tu Zhishen, Qi Shan, and Ben Ben, the Wen Wu Of the Yan River. Strictly urged the committee member to quickly resolve the matter. It is necessary to deliver the work in the early winter of this year. No arbitrary delay.
Unfortunately, it took three years for Sichuan to start transporting the wood plants, and by July 1828 (the eighth year of Daoguang), it had not yet been transported to Shandong. Daoguang, who had previously observed the difficulties of the provinces, could no longer sit still at this time, reprimanded him in an extremely harsh tone in his edict, and ordered Tu Zhishen and Shandong Inspector Qishan, who were directly subordinate to the envoys at the time, to personally supervise the scene and be sure to deliver it to the monumental pavilion site in the winter of the same year, but until July of 1829 (the ninth year of Daoguang), there was still a part of the wood plant that had not yet arrived at the Engineering Agency.
From the surface and the inside, we will discuss the meaning of things and explore the real causes behind the procrastination
It was not until June 1830 (the tenth year of Daoguang) that the external structure of the Changling Monument Pavilion was completed. Daoguang hurriedly ordered people to work overtime on the engraving of the inscription, and it was completed by September 18. Finally, in the summer of 1831 (the eleventh year of Daoguang), the Changling Sacred Virtue Divine Monument Pavilion, which had spent nearly ten years of man-hours, finally drew a sentence, which was far longer than the construction time of an imperial tomb.
The protracted Changling Monument Pavilion project, from the procurement of wood planting to transportation (1821-1829), took eight years, if the first three years were indeed forgivable because of the difficulty of wood planting in various provinces, then the transportation of the next five years deeply reflected the problem of poor execution in the provinces at that time. The floor tiles used at the bottom of the monument pavilion were ordered to be fired in Shandong in 1829, and it was expected that they would have to arrive at the Agency in the spring of the following year, but the results were not transported until July, and after examination, the quality was very worrying. Due to the tight time, it could only be temporarily burned by the nearest capital. All of the above not only reflected the low command of Daoguang himself at that time, but also proved the current situation of poor execution of hundreds of officials in the DPRK and China.
Shi Haijun said:
Although on the surface, the Changling Monument Pavilion project plan is detailed and lasts for the longest time, it will certainly be unique, but in fact, there are many drawbacks in it, the quality of the wood is not good, whether the Changling Monument Pavilion built under such circumstances can show the filial piety of Daoguang and restore the beautiful blueprint envisaged at that time, needless to say, everything is already clear.
Resources:
"Tomb Easy to Know"
"Cases of the Great Qing Dynasty"
"Jiaqing Daoguang Two Dynasties Upper Edict File"
Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Emperor Renzong of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty
Zhao Erxun's Draft History of the Qing Dynasty. Gaozong Benji", "Qing History Manuscript. Renzong Benji", "Qing History Manuscript. Xuanzong Benji
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