Friends who like history are absolutely not unfamiliar with Wang Meng, and his ability is like his name, that is, a "fierce", plus a "wisdom". In the dark age of the most chaotic dark age in the history of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, Wang Mengneng, who was born in a dustpan, had a legendary life as the "first person to cover Zhuge Ge". Zhuge Liang's historical status does not need to be described too much, Lu Xun commented that he was "wise and close to the demon", Li Jing, the first god of war of the Tang Dynasty, was his iron fan, and Wang Meng was a figure with the same achievements and historical status as Zhuge Liang. What has he experienced and done that earth-shattering events have such a lofty historical status?
"Jin Shu Wang Meng Biography": "Magnificent posture and handsomeness, erudite and good soldier's book, serious and strict, majestic and far-reaching, meticulous and not worried." ”
Wang Meng
Wang Meng (Zi Jingluo), a native of Beihai County (Shouguang, Shandong), was born in the most chaotic dark era of history, the "Wuhu Chaohua". When he was born, his hometown of Qingzhou had been occupied by the Later Zhao established by the Xian people and the slave-born Shi Le, and the Qiang people were very cruel to the Han people. Young Wang Meng could only flee with his family, and he was already very tenacious to survive. Finally, he settled in Wei County (魏郡, in modern Wei County, Hebei Province), and finally had a place to live. The place is inhabited, but it is destitute, people always have to earn a living and eat, and the young Wang Meng sells dustpans as a business to support his family.
The history books record such a story about Wang Meng, once, Wang Meng came to Luoyang City to sell dustpans, and on the way he met a person who wanted to buy his dustpan at a high price, but he did not have money with him, and asked Wang Meng to go home with him to get it. He was brought by the man to an old man with a beard and a waiter. Wang Meng also politely saluted the old man, and the old man hurriedly said: "The prince worships me so much", which means that he can't afford wang Meng's big gift, and at this time, where does the frustrated Wang Meng know what it means. So the old man paid ten times the high price and sent someone to send him back. When Wang Meng walked out of the mountain and looked back, he was surprised, it turned out to be Song Mountain.
Whether this story is really unimportant or not is somewhat similar to Zhang Liang's encounter with Huang Shigong. From the legendary life of Wang Meng later, it can be seen that this old man is likely to be a reclusive person, and even meet each other. He found that Wang Meng was by no means idle, and that he was going to make meritorious achievements in the future, and perhaps gave him some books on governing the country and the army.
Wang Meng's life was not smooth sailing, but he waited for the opportunity to change, just like Zhuge Wuhou in those years, he had been waiting for the ming lord of Liu Huangshu. Wang Meng, who has gradually grown up, has great ambitions and extraordinary temperament, and the so-called gold will shine wherever it is called. Wang Meng once traveled to the capital of the Zhao state of Yecheng to find a way out, but he was a powerless and powerless commoner who could not enter the eyes of the dignitaries and dignitaries. However, there was a high-ranking official who "saw and was surprised" by Wang Meng, and the Later Zhao Shizhong system, who had "learned from people", saw that this young man had an extraordinary temperament and had great prospects in the future when he saw Wang Meng for the first time. He invited him to do his own Gongcao, but Wang Meng refused, believing that Hou Zhao was not his ideal allegiance to the country. He ran to Mount Hua and went into seclusion (there should be a high-ranking person to point out, and after meeting Fu Jian, he came to Mount Hua to consult the master), and waited for the Ming Lord he wanted to assist appeared.
After the war in the Central Plains was raging, after the death of the Later Zhao tyrant Shi Hu, several of his sons snatched the throne to kill you and me, and the Later Zhao regime fell into the hands of Ran Min, and then ran Min, the king of Wu Mourning, issued a "killing order", killing hundreds of thousands of Hu people (mainly the Xiong people) in a short period of time, causing panic among the Hu people and being destroyed by the Zhu Hu group. The northern Central Plains were even more chaotic, with warlords from all sides divided, and it was in this context that former Qin's founder, Zhi Hong, came to prominence.
In the tenth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (354), the famous "Huanwen Northern Expedition" occurred in history, huanwen Northern Expedition was highly morale and high morale, once stepped across the Yellow River, defeated the Jiantun army, and Guanzhong's father and elder rushed to meet Wang Shi. After Wang Meng knew this, he wore a cloth robe and asked Huan Wen to be received, and the two of them talked freely about the situation, and Huan Wen asked Wang Meng why he did not see the Guanzhong Wang clan come to greet him during the Northern Expedition to recover his homeland. Wang Meng said to Huan Wen, "The general should cross the Bashui River and take Chang'an City before everyone can see the determination of the imperial court." Huan Wen actually knew very well in his heart that the Eastern Jin Dynasty court was the family door valve and the emperor sharing the world, and Huan Wen himself was a top clan, not to mention that the ambition was not small. He naturally understood Wang Meng's meaning, he won the battle and returned the territory to the imperial court, and the loss was attributed to himself, so he did not explicitly reply to Wang Meng.
But Huan Wen was very appreciative of Wang Meng's talent, so he invited him to go south to assist himself, and it was to send Wang Meng a carriage and horse costume and a knighthood, Wang Meng understood that the Jiangdong imperial court was controlled by the family door valve, and even if he had a grassroots birth, even if he had Huan Thermostat weight, he might not have a future. So he went back to Huashan to consult the teacher and then made up his mind, and the teacher did not support him to go to Jiangdong. In fact, Wang Meng had great ambitions, and he had been waiting for a king worthy of his assistance, a monarch like Liu Bei.
Two years later, his chance came, and after so many years of dormancy, he finally waited for the day when he could show his skills. In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Qian of Former Qin (355), former Qin's founding emperor Jian Jian died, and his son Zhisheng succeeded to the throne, who was an extremely cruel person, not only killing ministers but also killing the clan, causing panic among the people in the government and the public. It was in this context that The Ming Lord Jian Jian, whom Wang Meng had been waiting for, stepped onto the stage of history. Jian Jian is jian Jian's nephew, who is worried about the stability of the country and that sooner or later he will be poisoned, and wants to preemptively eliminate the tyrant. After Jian Jian told his confidant Shangshu Lü Polou of his thoughts, Lü Polou recommended Wang Meng, saying: "His people's strategies are not born. Jian Jian also wanted to see and see, and immediately sent Lü Polou to invite Wang Meng.
The first meeting between Jian Jian and Wang Meng was like the first meeting between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, and under Wang Meng's planning, Jian Jian killed Jian Sheng and established himself as the Heavenly King of Great Qin. Feng Wang Meng was made a Zhongshu waiter and held the military secrets, which opened the highlight moment of the pair's role models. The first thing Wang Meng did since he joined the army was to serve as the commander of Shiping County, the northwest gateway of the capital, which was very important and the situation was also very complicated, and the powerful and powerful people were running amok and lawless, and ordinary people did not dare to take care of it. After Wang Meng took office, he quickly slashed the mess with a knife and killed one of the most evil traitors in public. The traitor's friends could not give up and go directly to the upper passage, and Wang Meng was pressed by his superiors to the capital. Jian Jian personally interrogated why it was too cruel to kill so many people, and Wang Meng replied that the bad guys had not been killed enough, the country was not peaceful enough, and the big truth said a lot. After hearing this, Jian Jian told the ministers, "Wang Jingliugu is Yiwu and Zizhi Liye." The ministers didn't say anything anymore, after all, the monarch was on Wang Meng's side.
Wang Meng's ability to govern the country was seen in his eyes, and at the age of thirty-six, he was promoted to the fifth rank in a row, and he had always achieved the goal of Shang Shu Zuo Shu, auxiliary general, and lieutenant colonel, etc., which can be described as "power inside and outside", and political and military affairs are grasped by one hand. Some people are happy and some people are worried, Former Qin is a dynasty established by the Qi people, and the princes and nobles of the Qi people see that their monarch only trusts one Han chinese and throws their own people aside, and they all hate Wang Meng with itchy teeth. Fan Shi, the Marquis of Guzang, who was born in the Haoshuai clan, was an old minister who followed Jian Jian to fight the world, and he was the first to attack as the leading big brother. Complaining that Jian Jian threw aside these old ministers who had made meritorious achievements, and reused a Han who had not yet made achievements to look so serious, is this not that we grow grain and others cut it? Wang Meng immediately refuted him. Angry, Fan Shi scolded Wang Meng for hanging other people's heads on the gates of Chang'an City sooner or later.
At this time, Jian Jian already knew, and only said one sentence: "We must kill this old man, and then the group of subjects can be rectified." He found an opportunity to meet Fan Shi and provoke him, and Wang Meng took the opportunity to accuse Fan Shimu of having no father. Fan Shi was even more angry that he was about to beat Wang Meng and still scolded after being stopped by the guards, and He was unable to bear it and killed Fan Shi. Killing Fan Shi shocked the group of courtiers, but there were still people who disobeyed and could only frame Wang Meng in secret. Qiu Teng and Xi Bao, the two ministers, repeatedly found opportunities to say in front of Jian Jian that Wang Meng was not, and Wang Meng did not listen and simply drove the two out of the imperial court. There were also some gossip and gossip from the ministers of the Qi clan, who were punched and kicked by Jian Jian, and after that, no one dared to say bad things about Wang Meng.
In fact, Jian Jian's punishment of the princes and nobles of the Qi clan was also Li Wei, his throne was robbed of The Life, naturally some people disobeyed, he just reused Wang Meng to deal with them to achieve the purpose of centralizing power. Jian Jian really did his best for Wang Meng, and then made him the Third Duke, and wanted him to do the Lu Shang Shu above the Three Dukes, but Wang Meng refused. At this time, Wang Meng was already a power invader of the government and the opposition, and Wang Meng did not live up to Jian Jian's absolute trust in him, but did his best to exert his ability to govern the country to assist Jian Jian. In particular, the officials were not soft on attacking Haoqiang, he killed a big figure, the younger brother of The Strong Empress, Qiangde, who was the empress dowager of Jian Jian, Wang Meng even dared to kill Qiangde, and the other imperial relatives were finally afraid. With the cooperation of Wang Meng and Yushi Zhongzhong And deng Qiang, the state rectification of the "hundred officers shocked, Hao right held his breath, the road did not pick up, the order was prohibited." "The government and the opposition are in a state of silence.
Wang Meng's rule of the country selects talents and uses talents, and capable talents will be recommended for reuse. He let go of his hands and feet to reform, and Jian Jian entrusted all the major affairs of the military state to Wang Meng to handle, and he became a hand-throwing treasurer himself. Seeing that the country was governed by Wang Meng in an orderly manner and a new atmosphere, Jian Jian sincerely sighed: "Today Fang knows that the Son of Heaven is precious", and praised Wang Meng: "Qing Meng is a bandit at night, worried and diligent, if King Wen is too public, I will travel to the age of death." Then he said to the princes, "Waiting for you to honor the princes is like serving the princes!" ”
The country's governance is almost done, and I have begun to think about military matters. Jian Jian had ambitions and ambitions to "mix one and six together, to save the cangsheng", Wang Meng had the talent of Wang Zuo, and his strategy was to first unify the north and then unify the world. Former Qin was surrounded by strong enemies on all sides, with Xianbei Tuoba Wei in the north, Qianliang and the Yang clan Qiuchi regime and Tuguhun in the west, Murong Qianyan in the east, and Eastern Jin in the south, all of which were strong enemies. With the assistance of Wang Meng, Jian Jian unified the north in ten years from 366 to 376 AD.
Wang Meng was good at strategizing, especially plotting against the people, and the most outstanding was the plan to destroy Former Yan. When Huan Wen was northernly attacking Former Yan, the situation was like a broken bamboo, and the former Yan who fought was hurried to ask for help from Former Qin. Wang Meng, the offer can be agreed, but they want to cut the land, and then wait until huan Wen is repelled before taking the opportunity to plot against Qianyan, which has the taste of "false road to extinguish the yu". As a result, just as Wang Meng had predetermined, Huan Wen was indeed repulsed, and Wang Meng wanted to cut the land with Former Yan, using the reasons that Former Yan did not give, and finally destroyed Former Yan.
Wang Meng played a "golden knife plan" against Murong Chui and Murong Ling's father and son, which was known as the first conspiracy, and basically had no solution when encountered. Murong Chui, the King of Wu of Former Yan, turned the tide in the "Battle of Fangtou", and his reputation in Former Yan became louder and louder, and he was jealous of the ruler Murong Jue and the clan, and fled with his eldest son Murong Ling to flee to Former Qin and was accepted by Former Qin. Wang Meng always felt that Murong Chui was a hidden danger for the sake of the country's stability, and would not live under the people for a long time, and often advised Murong Jian to get rid of this hidden danger, but Jian Jian did not agree. Jian Jian did not allow Wang Meng to find a way on his own, and in 369, before attacking Luoyang, he invited Murong Chui to drink, and Murong Chui did not know that it was too late for Ji Cheng to invite guests. Wang Meng, who was drinking on xingtou, suddenly offered to ask Murong Chui for a personal object to remember, and Murong Chui generously took out the golden sword he carried with him and gave it to Wang Meng.
At that time, Murong Chui's eldest son Murong Ling was serving under Wang Meng's account, and Wang Meng bribed Murong Chui's close confidant Jin Yan to convey the news that Murong Chui was preparing to rebel against Qin and return to the east in Chang'an, and also brought physical evidence, that is, the golden sword given to Wang Meng. Murong Ling was unable to sleep and eat, could not see his father, did not know the authenticity, and finally fled back to Former Yan. Wang Meng took the opportunity to write a letter to Murong Ling to defect, frightening Murong Chui to flee Lantian, and after being chased back, Jian Jian still did not kill him. Murong Ling was not so lucky, he was never trusted after returning to Former Yan, and was eventually killed after the army. This is the origin of the "golden knife plan", and the cleverness of this plan is that it is known to be a conspiracy and jumps in, and it cannot be cracked at all.
In June of the eleventh year (375) of the former Qin Jianyuan, Wang Meng, who was working hard for the country and the people, fell ill, which was very bad for Jian Jian, who personally prayed to the heavens and sent people to the famous mountains and rivers to pray for the blessing of The Minister. Wang Meng's condition did improve, and Jian Jian was ecstatic and ordered a pardon for the following capital crimes. Wang Meng knew that he didn't have much gratitude for his time, and quickly took the opportunity to enter the advice, advising Jian Jian to learn from the Ancient Saint King, and Jian Jian humbly accepted advice. By July, Wang Meng was no longer able to do so, and Jian Jian hurried to inquire about the future generation. Wang Meng offered former Qin the last national policy of his life for Zhi Jian, who had the grace of knowing himself, and he explained to Jian Jian in a serious and long voice not to provoke the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the people are Chinese orthodox, internal unity, and now is not the time at all. Xianbei and Xiqiang's surrender is the country's major problem, and I hope that His Majesty's early plans to eliminate hidden dangers are strategies conducive to national security. After the explanation, Wang Meng completed his legendary life at the age of 51.
Wang Meng died and Jian Jian was devastated, and three times he wept at the coffin sacrifice, weeping at crown prince Gong Hong and Bai Guan: "Heaven does not let me unify the world, so early to take away my Wang Jingluo." Then, imitating the specifications of the burial of the Han Dynasty general Huo Guang, Wang Meng was buried with the highest standard of the funeral of the people, and he was posthumously awarded the title of "Marquis of Wu" according to the story of Zhuge Wuhou. The whole country of Former Qin was filled with bitterness for three days.
After Wang Meng's death, Jian Jian ruled the country in accordance with Wang Meng's will, focusing on Confucianism and education. Although Jian Jian was a member of the Yu people, he believed in the Han culture of the Central Plains from an early age and had a special love for Confucianism, especially after Wang Meng came, he doubled his admiration for the spread of Han culture. As one of the "Five Hus", the Hu people did not almost kill the northern Han people like the Qi people, but they were very friendly to the Han people, and the Hu people also killed the least Han People.
After Wang Meng's death, Jian Jian destroyed the two major enemies in the north, Qian Liang and Daiguo, and realized his wish to truly unify the entire north. In the following years, it continued to expand its territory, capturing the eastern Jin counties of Weixing, Nanyang, Shunyang, Nanxiang, and Xiangyang, and in 381 AD, Dongyi, the Sixty-two Kingdoms of the Western Regions, and the Southwest Yi all sent envoys to pay tribute. In 383, the Former Qin general Lü Guang defeated the Thirty-Six Kingdoms of the Western Regions and incorporated the Western Regions into the Territory of Former Qin. Up to this point, the Former Qin military reached its peak, and Jian Jian himself also reached the peak of his life.
However, the good times were not long, and the self-confidence of the self-confident Jian jian who was full of pride had long forgotten Wang Meng's last words, and he completely underestimated the strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and even less looked at the hidden dangers of various ethnic groups inside. In 383, the year that Jian Jian unified the north, he made a mistake to bury Former Qin and launched one of the most influential battles in history, the "Battle of Shuishui", to fight hard against the Eastern Jin Dynasty. If it was only a local war, it would not have destroyed the country, and he pulled out the country's eight hundred thousand troops. These armies are not all of his own, most of them are the armies of various countries conquered by him, and the combat effectiveness can be imagined. The end of the "Battle of Shuishui" is that Jian Jian loses everything, including his own life. The north that had been revived since the Wuhu Rebellion had been revived, and as a result, the war had plunged the northern Central Plains into a chaotic situation of fragmentation. What Wang Meng feared before his death finally happened eight years after his death.
Didn't Wang Meng arrange for a virtuous minister to assist Jian Jian before he died? The answer is definitely yes, he is The Younger Brother of Gong Jian, a clan with both culture and martial arts and high moral standing. Before Wang Meng died, he explained to Gong Rong that he must advise Jian Jian not to fight the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and to guard against all ethnic groups within the Qin State, especially the Xianbei Murong clan. Gong Rong also remembered Wang Meng's instructions, but unfortunately, Jian Jian could not listen to Wang Meng's advice except for Wang Meng's words, and finally in the Battle of Shuishui, Gong Rong was also killed on the battlefield.
Wang Meng and Jian Jian are the models of the monarchs of the ages, one is a monarch with great talent, and the other is the good appearance of Wang Zuozhicai. Wang Meng's everything went well in Jian Jian, Wang Meng could not find the direction when he died, and Wang Meng's early death was also a historical regret. In the entire history of the role models of Wang Meng and Jian Jian, there are three pairs, namely Emperor Zhu Qiyu and Yu Qian of the Ming Dynasty, Yongzheng and the Thirteenth Master Yinxiang.
Wang Meng's historical status is very high, ranking among the "Sixty-four Generals of the Martial Temple of the Tang Dynasty" and the "Seventy-two Generals of the Martial Temple of the Song Dynasty", which are the highest evaluations given to him by history.