Zhang Zhongjing, a generation of medical saints, is praised by researchers at home and abroad as the originator of the Han side, and his "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" and "Outline of the Golden Plateau" are listed as subjects of higher medical colleges, creating four diagnoses and eight guidelines for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment, and guiding the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine through the six classics of discernment, and his manuscript was compiled into a book as early as the Jin Tai doctor Ling Wang Shu and the desk, and was enshrined as the standard of medicine.
Nanyang Medical Shrine, is Zhang Zhongjing's cemetery and place of worship, the founding date can no longer be examined, the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been repeatedly repaired. After the founding of New China, after decades of efforts, this ancient building has shown a garden-style garden pattern of majestic halls, beautiful pavilions, lush flowers and trees, birds singing and birdsong.
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Zhang Zhongjing's great creation in the field of medicine and his extraordinary achievements have attracted the attention and recognition of the world, and future generations of doctors have expressed their admiration with words such as "medical saint", "generation of grandmasters", "doctor Zhou Kong", etc., and successive generations have built ancestral halls, stones, halls, halls, halls, "statues", and cultivation for Zhang Zhongjing. In 1981, a tombstone with a stele was excavated inland from the Medical Shrine in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The front of the stele is engraved with words such as "Tomb of Zhang Zhongjing, the Taishou Physician of Han Changsha", and the four characters of "Xianhe Five Years" are engraved on the stele.
The "Biography of the Emperor Fu of Jin" "Canggong was secretly sent to the Han Emperor, Hua Tuocun was proficient in unique knowledge, and Zhongjing was exquisite in Dingfang." Huang Fumi believed that Zhang Zhongjing could be a medical master alongside Hua Tuo and Canggong. His outstanding contribution lies in the fact that the disease is divided into F and the yin and yang, and the disease has its ancestors. In addition, there are relevant records of Zhang Zhongjing in the Book of Sui and the Book of Tang.
Shrine of medicine
"Xianhe" is the era name of Sima Yan, the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the fifth year of Xianhe is 330 AD. The stele is only 111 years after Zhang Zhongjing's death (219 AD) and is therefore credible. The late famous medical historian Geng Jianting fully affirmed that Zhang Zhongjing had once been the Taishou of Changsha. The term "sitting in the hall doctor" is well-known at home and abroad, and the word "Zhang Changsha" is extended from it.
Typhoid fever theory
We know that the records of the history of the Three Kingdoms are the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", and the date of the book of the Later Han Dynasty is far from the age of Zhang Zhongjing, and it is still excusable not to record Zhang Zhongjing's people and his affairs, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" only gave Hua Tuo a biography, and did not see Zhang Zhongjing's deeds for a word and a half, of course, Mr. Chen Shou also said that "Shu Wushi official" According to the Tang and Song dynasties, he "raised filial piety and honesty, for Changsha's great keep" You can also say that it is normal not to establish a biography, and so many people have not established a biography. But even if it is not passed down, the whole book should have a scale and a half claw. Then we need to find out from the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", or at least find the characters who have a relationship with the Zhang family of Nanyang. Following this clue, Zhang Cun came into view.
But historians of past generations have admired Zhang Xian and said that everyone can understand Baidu on their own. There are also arguments for Zhang Yi, and these two theories are more popular at present.
In view of the differences, the author proposes that Zhang Cun say:
One: Zhang Cun is Zhang Xiandi, according to Meng Zhong's uncle Ji Rank, Zhang Cunxing's second is Zhong, the word is Ren, and the meaning of "Jing" is the same, all of which are beautiful.
In addition, according to the actual examination of Zhongjingxing by medical historians in previous generations, Zhang Cun also died around 215.
In addition, he was engaged in following Liu Biao, which could provide a basis for Wang Jie, one of the seven sons of Jian'an, to diagnose his illness.
After Liu Chun surrendered to Wei, Liu Bei followed his lord to the south, and After the Shu Han Chibi War, Liu Bei's army had no disease and could be seen in Zhang Cun's merits. In ancient times, the so-called use of medicine is like the use of soldiers, there is a saying that "if you are not a good look, you will be a good doctor", the official field is frustrated, and the cause may not be frustrated.
So let's look at the historical materials of Zhang Cun in Nanyang, Shu Han:
Zhang Cun (?-214), courtesy name Ren, was a native of Nanyang, who was good at planning and Zang Shiren. Former officials under Liu Liu of Jingzhou, he later defected to Liu Bei. He took up the post of Liu Prefecture (荊州) and entered Shu with his predecessor, serving as a military staff officer, and from the south after Liu Bei to Luo County, he was appointed as the Taishou of Guanghan. Cun Su disobeyed Pang Tong, and the emperor of the unification was a pawn, and the first lord spoke and sighed, and Cun Said: "Although it is a pity that unity is loyal, it is a great righteousness for ordinary people." The First Lord was furious: "Killing the whole body into a benevolent, is it even more wrong?" "Exempt from the depository. Is it, a sick stroke.
From the actual reference of Zhang Cun's biography in the Book of Shu, it can be seen that the source of Zhang Cun's clan is as follows:
Zhang Cun was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty Nanyang Gate Valve Zhang family, similar to the status of the Zhang family in Yizhou. He was from Zu Zhangwen to the Eastern Han Dynasty Tai Wei and held the position of Third Duke. His brother was Zhang Xian (張羨), who was very popular in the Changsha area of southern Jingzhou and once occupied the four counties of Southern Jingzhou to rebel against Liu Biao. However, Zhang Cun was one of the rafters engaged in rafters, so Zhang Cun was not in the official position under Liu Biao's account.
By the time Liu Bei entered Shu, Guanghan Commandery was the first county that Liu Bei took when he entered Shu, so the Shu lands had not yet been pacified, so Liu Bei appointed Zhang Cun as the Taishou of Guanghan. (Is this going to be confused with Liu Bei taking the four counties of Jingnan after the Battle of Chibi?) Doubt. ）
In the summer of the nineteenth year, Luo Cheng pulled. Xiangyang Ma Liangshu cursed Zhuge Liang: "The city of Chengluo has fallen, and the honorable brother is worthy of the Guangguo, and the signs are seen." "Shi Prefecture or Rule Chengdu, Shi Fu Zhi Luo, for Shu Yuan Province." It can be seen that the status of Guanghan is very important, and the first county sheriff is more of a first-class talent.
The original shu ji describes it like this:
The name of Chu Ren exists, and the Nanyang people also exist. Jingzhou was engaged in following the first lord into Shu, and the southern second to Luo, thinking that Guanghan was too defensive. Cun Su disobeyed Pang Tong, and Tong Zhong was a pawn. The Lord of the Ancestors spoke with a sigh of praise, saying, "Although it is a pity that unity is loyal, it is contrary to the righteousness of Daya." The First Lord was furious: "Killing the whole body into a benevolent, is it even more wrong?" "Exempt from the depository. Is it, a sick stroke. If you lose your deeds, you will not pass them on.
One: Yang Opera praised in "Ji Han FuChen Zan": Chu Ren Wen Ji, or Cai or Zang, Broadcast Shu Zhi, Chu Zhi Lan Fang.
Second: It can be seen from the Yang opera "Ji Han Chenchen Zhao" that Zhang Cun is an outstanding talent and ambition, and is one of the famous scholars in the land of Jingchu; from Zhang Cunneng to Liu Bei's fall, he was an official to Yingzhou, and he can be ranked in the "Ji Han Chenchen Zhao", indicating that he has a pivotal position under Liu Bei's account and has contributed to the Shu Han.
There is a sentence in the "Three Kingdoms Zhi Yang Drama Biography": "Treat benevolence and scheming." The so-called "wen ji" is known for its strategy, which means very strategic. It can be seen that Zhang Cun, like Pang Tong, is a division-type figure in the Liu Bei Group. At the same time, Zhang Cun, like Pang Tong, also held such a senior staff position, which shows that his strategic ability is also quite good.
Three: From the deeds of Zhang Cunjun, we can see that Zhang Cun has sufficient confidence in his own wisdom and strategy, so he is worried that Pang Tong (3) can rank above him, but he is different from Liao Li, who is also a Young Chu Juncai, in addition to looking down on Pang Tong, he did not arbitrarily criticize others like Liao Li, and from Yang Opera's "Ji Han's Counselors", it can be seen that Zhang Cun's reputation at that time can be said to be quite good. Therefore, he was dismissed from office, resulting in depression and death, and did not wait to see the establishment of Shu Han, which can be said to be a big regret, and it is also a huge loss to Shu Han.
Fourth: According to a fellow villager who is older than Zhang Zhongjing, He Yong, who knows him well, once said: "Jun uses his thoughts to be refined and his rhyme is not high, and he will be a good doctor later." This means that Zhang Zhongjing has thought of people, is good at thinking and learning, and is smart and steady, but he does not have the temperament and style of being an official, and it is not suitable to be an official. As long as you concentrate on studying medicine, you will definitely become a famous doctor in the future. And He Yong's pertinent words of evaluation of Zhongjing are the most appropriate to put on Zhang Cunyin's loss of officialdom.
5: In the preface to the Jin Emperor Fumi's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classic", it is recorded that Zhang Zhongjing saw Wang Yue's medical treatment: "Zhongjing saw Wang Zhongxuan in the service of Wang Zhongxuan when he was more than twenty years old, and it was said that the king was sick, forty when the eyebrows fell, and the eyebrows fell for half a year and died, so that the five stone soup could be avoided." Zhongxuan was suspicious of his words and was not obeyed by the soup. On the third day of residence, see Zhongxuan said: Do you take the soup? Zhongxuan: Served. Zhongjing Yue: Se Hou Gu is not the diagnosis of taking soup, and Jun He is also lightly killed? Zhong Xuan was silent. Twenty years after the fruit fell, one hundred and eighty-seven days after the death, and finally as he said. Although these two things are flat and the canggong cannot be added. Although it is nearly legendary, it can also show the respect of the people at that time for Zhang Zhongjing's medical skills
Ming Chongzhen's "Chronicle of Changsha Province", Qing Kangxi's "Chronicle of Changsha Province", and the Ming and Qing Dynasty's "Nanyang Fuzhi" and "Dengzhou Zhi" all have records of Zhang Zhongjing guarding Changsha.
According to the "Chronicle of Changsha City", "In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, it was the year of the plague epidemic in Changsha, and Zhang Zhongjing's medical skills were too guarded, and he sat in the public hall to provide free medical treatment for the common people, and there were many living people. ”
If this article is not different, in December of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), after Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan to defeat Cao Cao, Liu Qi, the eldest son of Liu Biao, was the assassin of Jingzhou, and he himself led troops to pacify Jingzhou in the four counties of Wuling (present-day Changdexi, Hunan), Changsha (present-day Changshaxi, Hunan), Guiyang (present-day Chenxian County, Hunan), and Lingling (present-day Lingling North, Hunan), and the four counties were surrendered. Liu Bei made Zhuge Liang a general in the army, making him the governor of lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha counties, and leading Guiyang Taishou with the general Zhao Yun. At this point, Liu Bei occupied the four counties of Jiangnan among the eight counties of Jingzhou. Combined with the definition of the epidemic in the "Changsha Chronicle", when it was the Time of Chibi and after, then if Zhang Zhongjing led Changsha Taishou at this time, there would be no dispute that this Zhongjing was Zhang Cun.
Professor Liao Guoyu, in the article "Three Grounds for Zhang Zhongjing's Official Residence in Changsha Taishou", believes that Zhang Zhongjing's appointment as Changsha Taishou is a historical fact. Zhang Zhongjing's appointment as The Taishou of Changsha is clearly recorded in the medical records of successive dynasties: during the reign of Emperor Renzong jiayou of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin Ren and others were instructed to correct the medical books, and quoted in the preface to the Tang "Records of Famous Doctors", believing that Zhang Zhongjing was "an official to Changsha Taishou". This preface is a song written to the emperor and cannot be forged, so it is credible.
Six: Chen Shou left this sentence in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, and Later Biography":
And the country does not put aside history, notes that there is no official, it is to act a lot of things, disasters and strange books. Although Zhuge Liang has attained the status of government, all these things are still unconcerned. In addition, the land of Jingxiang has changed hands several times, and the historical materials have been scattered through war and chaos. Therefore, there are only so many historical materials of Zhang Cun, but it is also the closest to Zhang Cun Zhang Zhongjing as a person. The only inappropriate place is the difference between Guanghan Taishou and Changsha Taishou, and all netizens can express different opinions with the post, thank you in advance!
For Zhang Zhongjingxian Saint Changsha Taishou Sitting Hall. Medical historians are quite disagreeable. It is said that Zhongjing is the Taishou of Changsha who first saw Tang Gan Bozong's "Record of Famous Doctors": "Famous machine, Zhongjing is its character also." Filial piety and honesty, the official to Changsha Taishou. ”
The Golden Engraving "Commentary on Typhoid Fever" is only clouded before each volume with "Zhongjing Shu, Wang Shuhe and Shu Ci", and is not called "Changsha Taishou".
In the twenty-seventh year of the Ming Dynasty, Zhao Kaimei engraved the "Zhongjing Quanshu", and the Song Ben "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" was preceded by each volume of the cloud "Han Zhang Zhongjing Shu, Jin Wang Shu and Shu Ci", which inherited the old appearance of the Song Ben and did not have the words "Changsha Taishou".
And the "Zhongjing Quanshu" harvested without himself "Commentary on Typhoid Fever" in each volume of the title cloud: Han Changsha Taishou Zhang Zhongjingshu, Jin Tai Doctor Ling Wang Shu and Shu Ci". The Jin carved version of the "Commentary on Typhoid Fever" predates the Ming inscription, and there is no such four characters, and it is suspected that the five characters of "Han Changsha Taishou" are added by Zhao Kaimei according to Gan Bozong's "Records of Famous Doctors". ”
Later generations "according to this" Zhongjing once served as the Taishou of Changsha.
Qing And Sun Dingyi examined the fact that changsha taishou was Zhang Xian at that time, and that Envy and Jing were training together, saying that Zhang Xian was Zhang Ji, and Zhang Ji was Zhang Xian. I can also say it.
QingSun Dingyi considered Zhang Ji's "machine" to be "envious" from the perspective of exhortation, and this Zhang Xian was the master of Changsha Taishou Zhang Xian. See Sun's "Biography of Zhongjing". Mr. Zhang Taiyan also said this. The more detailed examination of this matter is the 20th century Guo Xiangsheng's "Examination of Zhang Zhongjing's Name and Deeds".
Literature:
Zhang Zhongjing, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, has no biography, and his deeds first appear in the "Introduction to typhoid fever in the Song School", quoting the Tang Dynasty Gan Bozong's "Record of Famous Doctors": "Nanyang people, famous machines, Zhongjing is its character also." Filial piety, the official to Changsha Taishou, began to be skilled in the same county Zhang Bozu. When people say, the subtlety of knowledge is more than the teacher. The treatises he wrote were concise and esoteric; his methods were simple and detailed, beyond the reach of those who had heard and heard of them. According to this, he was a native of Nanyang, and his teacher Zhang Bozu once served as the Taishou of Changsha, so he was called Zhang Changsha by later generations.
The Ming and Qing "Chronicles of Changsha Province" recorded: "Zhang Ji. Character Zhongjing, Changsha Taishou, when the epidemic is epidemic, the treatment method is mixed, the machine writes typhoid fever on the golden shortage, the party walks in the world, and the people live all the time"
The earliest record of Zhang Zhongjing's books in ancient books, the Northern Song Dynasty Gao Baoheng, Sun Qi, and Lin Yi's "Preface to correcting typhoid fever": "Zhang Zhongjing, the Book of Han has no biography, see the "Record of Famous Doctors" (press, Tang Gan bozong) Yun: Nanyang people, famous machines, Zhongjing is its character also. Filial piety and honesty, the official to Changsha Taishou. ”
The Song Dynasty's "Taiping Imperial Records Volume 722" quotes the "Biography of He Yongbei": "Zhang Zhongjing of the same county, the general horn is made." It is said: 'If you use your thoughts and rhymes with high rhyme, you will be a good doctor later.' 'As he said. ”
Zhang Ji, the word Zhongjing. The name of "Ji" first appeared in Liang Tao Hongjing's "Auxiliary Practice Techniques and Visceral Medicine Methods": "Han and Jin Dynasties, famous doctors, Zhang Ji, Wei Xun, Hua Yuanhua, Wu Pu, Huangfu Xuanyan, Zhi Master, Ge Zhichuan, General Fan, etc., are all contemporary sages, Xian shi style this "Tang Liquid Sutra Method", "Xi Nanyang Zhang Ji, according to this party, wrote a "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", cured Ming, and later learned Xian to respect it", "Zhang Ji wrote "On Typhoid Fever" and avoided the name of a Taoist" "Zhang Ji wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" and avoided the name of a Taoist." The Qing "Nanyang Fu Zhi" changed the "machine" to "jie", which was wrong.
(3) Pang Tong, about Pang Tong, recently relevant scholars have had a disagreement about his deeds, saying that Pang Tong is a spy of the State of Wu. It is not the case here, has nothing to do with it, and will not be examined.