When Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, Yue Fei was rehabilitated, and then Zhang Jun launched the Longxing Northern Expedition, but the best time had been missed, the two main generals could not cooperate sincerely, and the Northern Expedition ended at the beginning.
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Emperor Xiaozong of Song was not a son of Emperor Gaozong of Song, nor was he even a descendant of Emperor Taizong of Song, he was a direct descendant of Zhao Defang, the son of Emperor Taizu of Song.
At the beginning, in order to become emperor, Emperor Taizong of Song, Zhao Guangyi, fabricated the story of the Alliance of the Golden Dagger, as well as the mystery of the candlelight axe shadow, and forced zhao Kuangyin's two sons, Zhao Dezhao and Zhao Defang, to make so much effort to let the throne pass on in his own branch. However, in the change of Jing Kang, in addition to Emperor Gaozong of Song, his descendants were swept away by the Jin people, but Emperor Gaozong of Song did not have a son.
Originally, Zhao Zhuo had a son, who was made emperor at the time of the Miao-Liu Mutiny, but the 3-year-old child was frightened and died shortly after the restoration of Emperor Gaozong of Song. Emperor Gaozong of Song experienced the jingkang change and the Miao-Liu mutiny, and later he was swept to the sea by Emperor Yan Zongbi's "searching the mountains and inspecting the sea to catch Zhao Shuo", and it was not easy to get out of danger.
It was during this period that I don't know which time I was frightened and transitioned, and Song Gaozong lost his fertility. The history books are quite vague, and may simply lose their function. According to the analysis, one of the reasons why he had to kill Yue Fei was that Yue Fei once wrote to Yue Fei, saying that you can't give birth to a son anyway, so hurry up and choose a child of the clan and cultivate it according to the successor.
In fact, not only Yue Fei, but many other ministers had such ideas, but no one dared to say that this was a direct revelation of the emperor's shortness, not to mention that it also touched the emperor's physical defects. But Yue Fei said that he hated Yue Fei to death, so when he reached peace with Jin Guodu, he still ordered Yue Fei to be killed.
However, he couldn't solve the problem by killing Yue Fei, that is, he couldn't give birth to a son, and in the end he could only pick someone from the clan to cultivate. The rest of that clan room was all descendants of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin's descendants, and Zhao Xiao was chosen in this way. But he was not the only one, and at the same time selected as a successor, there was another one, called Zhao Xuan (qú).
Zhao Xiao was old and heavy,and many courtiers supported him, but the chancellor Qin Ju did not like him very much and supported Zhao Xuan, and Qin Ju died before Emperor Gaozong was sure of Zhao Xiao's position as crown prince.
There is also a saying that Emperor Gaozong of Song gave Zhao Xuan and Zhao Xuan 10 beautiful palace women each, and it did not take long to give these palace women a physical examination, and those given to Zhao Xuan were all enjoyed, and Because Zhao Xuan listened to his teacher Shi Hao's words, his palace women were intact. Because of this, Zhao Xi was officially identified as the crown prince. Later, he was enthroned by Zen, that is, Song Xiaozong.
In the second month of his reign, he formally rehabilitated Yue Fei's unjust case, and the people of the government were invigorated. However, Shi Hao, a teacher who had a great influence on him and a counselor and governor (deputy prime minister), was a master and faction.
At that time, Wu Xuan of Shaanxi had recovered a large area of the original Northern Song Dynasty, but Song Xiaozong followed Shi Hao's advice, believing that Wu Xuan was a lone army and going deep, and ordered him to withdraw his troops to protect Sichuan. Helpless, like Yue Fei at the beginning, Wu Xuan had to withdraw his troops and abandon the 13 northwestern states he had regained, and as a result, he was chased and killed by the Jin army from behind, suffering heavy casualties.
Song Xiaozong was the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty who wanted to make a difference the most, and the only monarch in the Southern Song Dynasty who aspired to recover. However, at the beginning of his reign, he generally followed Zhao Shuo's political ideas and sought to negotiate peace with Jin Guo. Many people said that his performance as emperor was very contradictory, on the one hand, he rehabilitated Yue Fei and reused Zhang Jun, who was the main warrior faction, on the other hand, he made Wu Xuan give up a large area of recovered territory, which made people very sad.
This contradictory performance of his can be understood as follows:
Song Xiaozong's nickname was "filial piety", and there was a reason for this. Although he was not Zhao Shuo's own son, he was particularly filial, and after he became emperor, he was still very filial to Zhao Shuo, who was already the Emperor Taishang, until Zhao Shuo's death. According to the ancient political practice, the new emperor came to power, and the established policy of the old emperor could not be changed for 3 years.
In addition, we have to talk about the Emperor Taishang. In history, there are not a few people who have served as emperors, and according to statistics, there are 23 people who are counted as miscellaneous, and the situation is not the same. Some were posthumously sealed by the founding emperors, such as King Xiang of Qinzhuang and Liu Bang's father Liu Taigong; some were those who took the initiative or were forced to become emperors of Taishang, such as Sima Zheng, Li Longji, Zhao Yao, and so on; others were in the way of future generations and had no choice but to become emperors, such as Li Yuan and Li Dan, and then there were those like Zhao Shuo and later Qianlong, who were tired of giving the throne to their descendants, but still had great power.
Some friends may say that like Song Xiaozong has become emperor, can't he still come according to his own will?
In theory, it is possible, but in fact, in addition to what we said about the succession of the emperor for 3 years without changing the law of the first emperor, the newly abdicated emperor still has a strong influence on politics, and ancient China was a patriarchal system, and the father had absolute control over his son. Therefore, although Song Xiaozong was the emperor, he was still respectful and respectful in front of Zhao Zhao.
From this point of view, it is not difficult to understand that after Zhao Xiao became emperor, although he immediately rehabilitated Yue Fei, he still asked Wu Xuan to withdraw his troops and seek peace with jin guo. Of course, in the chaos of suddenly taking over a country, Song Xiaozong's political immaturity is also one of the reasons.
However, when Yu Yunwen, who had been deposed, returned to the imperial court and told the emperor in detail about the specific situation in the northwest, Song Xiaozong realized how stupid it was to give up a large area of territory in the northwest. Regretting this, he asked Zhang Jun, the privy counsellor of the veteran main war faction, to fully preside over the military and actively prepare for the Northern Expedition.
At this time, the best time for the Northern Expedition had been missed.
Since Jin Guo completed Yan Liang's reign, the poor soldiers and armed forces have been exhausted, and the people in the country have suffered terribly. Like the Song Dynasty, he had frontier problems, and the more backward nomadic peoples in the north, including the Khitans, were oppressed enough, and from time to time riots and even uprisings occurred. After Yan Liang's southern invasion was shot and killed by his subordinates, it was a time of political turmoil and deep domestic crisis in the Jin Dynasty. However, the Southern Song Dynasty hesitated, and Jin Shizong quickly cleaned up and rectified Yan Liang's defeated troops, quelled the rebellion of the Khitan people in the country, and then sent someone to tell the Southern Song court that the Jin State is now up to me, and we still have to implement it according to the conditions of the previous Shaoxing Peace Agreement.
The Southern Song Dynasty did not pay any attention to him at all, and did not give the old coins, preparing for the Northern Expedition to recover the homeland. Zhang Jun, who can preside over the work, is more than 70 years old, as the main battle faction, he has greater symbolic significance, and his actual work ability is very limited, plus he feels that he has waited for 30 years to have a chance, so he is not prepared to send troops to the Northern Expedition in a hurry.
In 1163, Shao Hongyuan and Li Xianzhong led two armies of the Northern Expedition, known in history as the "Longxing Northern Expedition". However, the two lords will have no subordination relationship and will fight separately.
At first, it went well, and Li Xianzhong's jin army captured Lingbi in Anhui. Shao Hongyuan encountered stubborn resistance in Hongxian County, and later Li Xianzhong sent the General of the Jin Army who had surrendered from Lingbi to persuade him to surrender and took Hongxian County. But this made Shao Hongyuan very unhappy, and the execution of one of his discipline-violating subordinates by Li Xianzhong deepened the rift between the two northern expedition generals.
After that, Li Xianzhong again exerted his might and captured Suzhou, Anhui. At this time, the 100,000 infantry cavalry rescued by the Jin Kingdom had already rushed over, and Li Xianzhong fought lightly against the enemy and was defeated by the Jin army at Fu Li. And Shao Hongyuan sat idly by, and his troops also retreated with defeat, fortunately, the Jin army had no intention of invading the south, and the Northern Expedition presided over by Zhang Jun was only 1 month, and it ended hastily.
After tossing and turning, the border actually controlled by the two sides returned to the way it was before Yan Liang's southern invasion, and the two sides also returned to the negotiating table. As a result of this "Longxing Peace Talks", the status of the Southern Song Dynasty improved slightly, and the relations between the two countries changed from monarchs to uncles and nephews, and the annual coin was reduced from 250,000 silver and silk to 200,000.
Since then, neither side has been able to change this stalemate and has no choice but to accept the situation of confrontation between the North and the South.
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