During his 61-year reign, Kangxi made great achievements, destroying the pro-government of Aobai and quelling the Rebellion of San Fan in his youth; unifying Taiwan; defeating Tsarist Russia and signing the Treaty of Nebuchu to ensure China's sovereignty over the Heilongjiang River Valley; conquering Kaldan three times and winning victories; and establishing the "Duolun Hui League" to replace the war and contact the Mongol ministries. If you take out one of these achievements, you may have already surpassed half of the emperors in ancient times. To say that one of the most thrilling times, it must be to quell the rebellion of san francisco, the young Kangxi, young and vigorous, in the case of the conditions for withdrawing the clan is not mature enough, strict orders to withdraw the clan, resulting in san francisco have raised the banner of rebellion, you know, these three families are all guilty of betraying the master, for their own hereditary replacement, anti-once and anti-twice, for them, it is nothing more than a gamble again.
In this San Fan Rebellion, the most threatening to the rule of the Qing Dynasty was Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi. Wu Sangui was originally the chief soldier of the Daming Ningyuan Regiment. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, defeated Li Zicheng in the Battle of Shanhaiguan, and made great contributions to the entry of the Qing army into the pass, and was awarded the title of King of Pingxi. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the town defended Yunnan, and then invaded Burma, captured the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty and executed him, and was made the Prince of Jin. In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), Wu Sangui disobeyed the imperial court and withdrew his domain, proclaimed himself "The Great Marshal of the Water and Land of the President of the World", and the Great General of Xingming, and in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), he ascended the throne in Hengzhou (present-day Hengyang, Hunan), the state name of Dazhou, and died of illness in the autumn of the same year, at the age of sixty-seven, and only served as emperor for more than five months. After Wu Sangui's death, his grandson inherited his legacy for three years, and finally the city of Kunming was destroyed, Wu Shipan committed suicide, and the 8-year San Francisco Rebellion was put down. This defeat of the Wu Sangui Dynasty directly stabilized the rule of the Qing Dynasty. From then on, Kangxi was able to free his hand to unify Taiwan in the south and conquer Dzungar in the north.
At that time, the world was initially decided, and the biggest contradiction in the Qing Dynasty was the ethnic contradiction between the Manchus and Han Dynasties, Wu Sangui raised an army against the Qing, which attracted the response of most Han Chinese people in the world, Geng Jingzhong, Shang Kexi, and Zheng Jing, who was far away in Taiwan, joined the anti-Qing and restoration brigade, and the situation can be said to be very favorable to Wu Sangui. But why, at the end of the day, the superior San Francisco would be defeated like a mountain, was it really because Wu Sangui was cold in the middle?
In the San Francisco Rebellion, there were actually four major villains, in addition to Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, there were also Shangzhixin, the king of Zhennan, Geng Jingzhong, the king of Jingnan, and Zheng Jing of Taiwan. Since the death of Daming, the Zheng family has always been opposed to the Qing court and has never compromised, if Daming does not die, Zheng Jing is definitely a loyal subject, guarding China's treasure island for the Ming Dynasty. But the other two were not good people, first betraying Daming, then betraying Daqing, and betraying Wu Sangui in the later stages of the San Francisco Rebellion.
Due to internal contradictions in San Francisco, coupled with Zheng Jingbu's dispute over Fujian's Zhang, Quan, Xing, Ting, and other places, Geng Jingzhong was attacked by the enemy and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi restored his prince Dai Sin to make meritorious deeds, and after surrendering, he still had a rebellious heart, and was denounced by his subordinates, "Jing Zhong is loyal to the benevolent conspiracy to rebel, and the sin is floating in the faith." "Fall Ling Chi to death."
Shang Zhixin was even more exaggerated, in order to rebel, he even put his loyal and geng-geng father Shang Kexi, and later saw Geng Jingzhong surrender, and he also led the army to surrender, inheriting his father the Prince of Pingnan, and then repeatedly supported the army to respect himself, ignoring Kangxi's holy will, "the letter is not evil, there is a heart of disobedience", after the end of the San Francisco Rebellion, Kangxi gave him suicide.
With such two "right-hand men" who "have not accomplished enough things and have more than enough failures," how can Wu Sangui not be defeated?
Wu Sangui's army was stationed in Hunan and built defenses along the river. As an insurmountable natural danger, Wu Sangui and the Qing court had a slight posture of "crossing the river and ruling". Under the conditions at that time, once Wu Sangui crossed the river and took Hubei, it was just a matter of time, and it would be difficult for the Qing soldiers to stop his pace at that moment. As a general who has experienced hundreds of battles, presumably these Wu Sangui are all aware of it. So why still choose to conservatively stick to Jiangnan? There are three main reasons: one is that the son is still in the hands of Kangxi and wants to negotiate the return of his son Wu Yingxiong; the other is to garrison Jiangnan, consolidate the position, stand firm, and draw the river as a country. Kangxi resolutely refused to "rule by crossing the river" and executed Wu Yingxiong; third, after Wu Sangui's "good nephew" Shang Zhixin surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, in order to break the crime, suppressed the Guangdong rebellion, and personally led troops to contain Wu Sangui's 100,000 troops, so that he did not dare to fight north.
Unable to move north, the Kangxi Emperor seized the opportunity to adjust his strategy and arrange his forces to resolutely attack Wu Sangui, but he appeased other rebels and isolated Wu Sangui by dividing forces. Militarily, only Hunan was the focus of the attack, and at the same time, it was able to fully trust the Han generals, which boosted the morale of the imperial army.
When Wu Sangui raised an army, why was he able to compete with the Qing Dynasty in just a few years? This is due to the fact that when the rebellion was launched, it was under the banner of "anti-Qing and restoration", which made many supporters of the Ming Dynasty and some Han people raise the flag in response. However, with the development of the war situation, Wu Sangui decided to abandon the banner of "anti-Qing and restoration" and established himself as king, disintegrating the people's hearts, and his heart was not in the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, but in the throne of the Son of Heaven, naturally these former Ming Dynasty scholars and doctors who were willing to follow when they started the army were no longer willing to assist him.
The anti-Qing dynasty was a traitor in the eyes of the Manchus; self-reliance also became a traitor in the eyes of the Han people. Manchu and Han can't tolerate Wu Sangui, why is Wu Sangui undefeated?
#为什么当年三藩之乱中, Wu Sangui eventually lost to the Qing Dynasty #