Since ancient times, Guan Yu has always been a god-like existence in the minds of "Three Kingdoms fans". Generations of "national fans" have gone forward and followed up with unremitting support and pursuit, and have attached a lot of labels to Guan Yu's body, such as Second Brother Guan, Duke Mei, God of Wealth, Martial Saint, Emperor Guan, and so on, even the three leaders of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are not willing to be lonely, scrambling to drag Guan Yusheng to their own doors, and without hesitation, they awarded Brother Guan Er various anti-heavenly honorific titles. Of course, in this string of resounding names, the most praised is the god of loyalty. However, friends familiar with the history of the Three Kingdoms know that behind this string of dazzling aura, Guan Yu also has a serious or fatal historical stain, that is, surrender to Cao Cao. Although this black history of Guan Yu has been repeatedly repaired and even beautified and deified by many celebrities and folk figures such as Luo Guan, it still cannot be completely bleached or bleached.
Guan Yu was a great hero who regarded himself very highly and stood up for loyalty and righteousness, so why did he surrender to Cao Cao? In addition, at the end of Guan Yu's life, that is, when he defeated Maicheng, he had a chance to prolong his life - Sun Quan had intended to surrender Guan Yu, but why did Guan Yu fail to seize this opportunity and eventually die?
In the fifth year of Jian'an, (200), Cao Cao broke up with Liu Bei and personally led an army to attack Liu Bei, who was already occupying Xuzhou at this time, Liu Bei, who was still weak, was naturally not Cao Cao's opponent, and after the defeat, Liu Bei left his wife and fled to Yuan Shao. Cao Cao did not catch Liu Bei's big fish, but he took Guan Yu and Liu Bei's wife by the hand and took them to Xu Capital. Soon after, Guan Yu surrendered and was "worshipped by Cao Cao as a partial general, with great courtesy". In the words of teacher Luo Guanzhong, go up to the horse gold, get off the horse silver, three days a small feast, five days a big feast, and beautiful house, beautiful horse, fine wine, beautiful women have everything, there are all needs. Guan Yu also knew that in the subsequent Battle of Guandu, riding a "red rabbit horse" and holding the "Green Dragon Yanyue Sword", he slashed Yan Liang, a general under Yuan Shao, under his horse, and wrote a heroic legend with his own large knife. Later, Guan Yu inquired into Liu Bei's whereabouts, so he packed and sealed the gifts given by Cao Cao, repaired another letter, and said goodbye without resignation, "riding alone for a thousand miles", and defected to Liu Bei.
The sun and the moon are like shuttles, time flies, the wheel of history is moving fast, and in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD), Liu Bei took Hanzhong and became the king of Hanzhong. Liu Bei did not forget his second brother Guan, who was far away in Jingzhou, and soon after, he worshiped Guan Yu as the head of the "Five Tiger Generals", a former general. Guan Yu, who had been beaten with chicken blood, was crowned general soon after, and he was proud to personally lead an army to attack Cao Ren, who was guarding Fancheng. Cao Ren could not resist, and quickly told Cao Cao, and Cao Cao immediately dispatched 30,000 troops led by Yu Bandu to help cao cao with "saying Cao Cao, Cao Cao will arrive". After Yu Ban led the army to Fancheng, he had just set up camp, and before the battle had even begun, he was flooded by Guan Yu's Han, and 30,000 people were suddenly killed in the belly of the fish, and Guan Yu took advantage of the situation to surround Fancheng. After many good men south of Xu Du learned of this news, they saw the wind and took the opportunity to start an incident, and Guan Yu was attached to the south, and even Cao Wei's Jingzhou Assassin Shi Huxiu and Nanxiang Taishou Fu Fang also defected to Guan Yu. Guan Yu's momentum was once angry with Xiao Han, threatening Huaxia. Cao Cao had planned to move the capital to avoid his attack, but only after being strongly persuaded by Sima Yi and others did he dispel this idea.
Just as Guan Yu slashed the flag, attacked the city strategically, and sang a triumphant song, Sun Quan jumped out and quietly stabbed Guan Yu in the back. Sun Quan saw that Guan Yu's rear was empty, and first sent Lü Meng to sneak into the important town of Nan Commandery in Jingzhou, and then lured the Jiangling guards Who were deeply estranged from Guan Yu and the public security guards Ren.
Guan Yu learned that there was a change in the rear and immediately retreated. On the way back to the division, they were hit by a bullet on the left side of the Wei army and a piecemeal blow on the right stick, and Guan Yu's soldiers died and ran, and it was not easy to retreat to Maicheng with hundreds of remnants. Sun Quan gained the power and did not let people, did not follow the forgiveness, while the army besieged the city, while sending people to persuade surrender, Guan Yu knew that the general trend had gone, so he pretended to surrender, and planted more flags on the city, set up a dummy, and himself sneaked away with more than ten horses, and when he traveled to Linfeng, which was only one or twenty miles away from Yizhou, he encountered Sun Quan's ambush troops, and Guan Yu was captured and killed. According to the Book of Shu, after capturing Guan Yu, Sun Quan wanted to surrender Guan Yu to deal with Liu Bei and Cao Cao, and Sun Quan's left and right immediately raised objections: "Wolves cannot be raised, and they will be harmed later, and Cao Gong will not get rid of them immediately, but he will cause great trouble to himself. Sun Quan hesitated again and again, and finally killed him with a knife.
Cao Cao and Sun Quan, one was an old enemy of Shu Han, the other was an ally of Shu Han, and it was reasonable for Guan Yu to defect to Sun and not surrender to Cao, but why did Guan Yu do the opposite?
If you think about it, the reasons are roughly as follows:
One, with a heavy responsibility. That is, at that time, Guan Yu was responsible for protecting Liu Bei's wife and son, and if he did not surrender to Cao Cao at that time, Guan Yu would die with Liu Bei's wife, or Guan Yu would die, and Liu Bei's wife would most likely be carried to her bed by The lustful and tasteful Cao Cao. Therefore, in order to save the lives and lives of Liu Bei's wife and son, Guan Yu had to adopt a stopgap measure of surrendering to Cao Cao. Practice has also proved that after Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, Cao Cao did not attack Liu Bei's wife, or at least not in the historical records.
Both, throwing in Han is not throwing at Cao. According to the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", when Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, he put forward three major conditions, in addition to protecting Liu Bei's wife, there was also another, and the most important one, was to surrender to Han and not to Cao, that is, I Guan Yu only threw himself into the court of the Han Dynasty, and did not surrender to you Cao Cao. The Three Conditions are not found in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but Guan Yu must have reached a consensus or made a deal with Cao Cao before surrendering, otherwise with Guan Yu's personality and disposition, he would never easily choose to surrender, which was a path of advancement that was despised by the time and future generations. As for what conditions are there? Is it really as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms says? It is impossible to find out now, but even if there is no specific clause on "throwing in Han and not throwing Cao", the relevant content or meaning should be there. Moreover, from the perspective of that time, surrendering to Cao Cao or surrendering to the Han Court can be regarded as surrendering to Cao Cao, and it can also be understood or vaguely considered to be a surrender to Han, because at that time Cao Cao had not yet been crowned king, he was still the Sikong and Cheqi general of the Han Court, representing still the Han Court, so Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, or at least in Guan Yu's heart, he did not surrender but surrendered or answered the call.
Three, there is nowhere to vote. First, there were many sieges, and if they did not surrender to Cao Cao, they could only choose to die. And the second master of Guan who was sent to his death was unwilling, because "the revolution has not yet succeeded." Second, it is not clear whether Liu Bei is dead or alive at this time. In this case, Guan Yu's best choice was to surrender to Cao Cao or Han Ting first, and then make plans to stay after the situation was clear. Facts have also proved that Guan Yu's choice is wise and correct. Soon after, Guan Yu learned of Liu Bei's whereabouts, so Guan Yu sealed the gift given by Cao Cao, then repaired a letter, and returned to Liu Bei with his sister-in-law "riding alone for a thousand miles". And Cao Cao also fulfilled his promise and allowed Guan Yu to "fly northeast of the peacock".
Four, caused by Cao Cao's personality charm. When Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, Cao Cao's ambitions were not revealed or revealed. At this time, Cao Cao showed a brilliant image of a strong man with great talent and a great savior of the Han Dynasty, not only Guan Yu, including Xun Yu, Jia Xu, Liu Ye, Zhang Xiu and other wise cattle people at that time, all showed infinite admiration and high hopes for Cao Cao, and threw themselves into Cao Cao's disciples, and the behavior of these celebrities voting with their feet undoubtedly affected and even influenced Guan Yu's choice.
Fifth, the cost of surrender is lower. At this time, Guan Yu's identity, status and fame were all at a low level in history, nothing more than a small brother of Liu Bei, a name that was not recognized by the imperial court under Liu Bei, a sesame official or county regiment level who was not smooth, Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao with such a figure, and would not cause too much harm and substantial impact on his own image and reputation, not only would not cause too much negative impact, but would become a plus and favorable factor for his future development. Thinking like this, surrendering to Cao Cao became the best or best choice for Guan Yu at that time.
The surrender of Sun Quan is different, because the times have changed, at this time Guan Yu is already the head of the "Five Tiger Generals" of Shu Han - the former general, the lord of Jingzhou, to be famous, to have power, to have power, to be powerful, and to be famous, if at this time surrender Sun Quan, the name and achievements of the first generation will be destroyed, in other words, the cost is too high, so it is better to be crushed than to be complete.
Moreover, before attacking Cao Ren, Guan Yu had repeatedly refused Sun Quan's marriage proposals and requests for war, not only refusing, but also insulting Sun Quan to the extreme. According to Teacher Chen Shou, after Guan Yu became the de facto ruler of Jingzhou, Sun Quan sent emissaries to propose marriage to Guan Yu's daughter with a number of gold and silver treasures for his son, and as a result, he was not only punched in the face by Guan Yu, but also ate Guan Yu's national curse - what "dog is worth a tiger girl" and so on. In addition, after Guan Yu sent the forbidden 30,000 horses into the belly of the fish, Sun Quan also had a hot heartbeat, in order to get a piece of the scraps, special envoys went to Guan Yu's camp and strongly demanded to participate in the battle to help the war, and as a result, they were beaten in the face by Guan Yu, and Guan Yu also spat out wild words: "If you make Fan Cheng, I can't destroy the evil!" "You little barbarian, where cool and where to stay!" If you mess up Lao Tzu, be careful that I bring you Dongwu to the pot too! Twice humiliated, Sun Quan's eyes turned blue with anger, and he gritted his teeth and swore that if I could not destroy you Guan Yu, I swore not to be surnamed Sun. With such a collision of two places, how could Guan Yu still be kind enough to surrender to Sun Quan?
From Guan Yu's words, it can also be seen that Guan Yu looks down on Sun Quan from his bones, which in addition to the reason for his age (Sun Quan is younger than Guan Yu), is also related to Sun Quan's identity at that time, that is, at this time, Sun Quan has not yet been declared emperor, but is just a local government that divides the side of Jiangdong and is even an illegal local government. How could Guan Yu, a former general of the Shu Han Dynasty, devote himself to a local pseudo-prince who had no name and no distinction? It is better to be so meticulous and steal peace than to die and become a hero.
In addition, Sun Quan was also worried that he could not control Guan Yu, so he did not show the true feelings and sincerity of Cao Cao. Then Guan Yu's son Guan Xingpi was an official in Shu Han, and Guan Yu was also worried that after he surrendered to Sun Quan, it would affect his son's life and career, which was one of the reasons why Guan Yu would rather die in battle than surrender Sun Quan.
Author: We invite the author to laugh in the bush