When it comes to "Jiang Feng", the first thing that everyone thinks of is definitely "Jiang Feng Fishing Fire to Sleep", from Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth": "The moon is falling and the sky is full of frost, and the Jiangfeng Fishing Fire is sad to sleep." Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship. It is said that this poem was selected as one of the "Ten Great Tang Poems" according to the popularity ranking of being included in the anthologies of poetry of past dynasties and entering the "poetry" and being talked about by the literati -- now it can indeed be said that it is well-known to everyone and known to women and children.
Regarding Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth", there are many points that can be explored, such as Zhang Jiqiren, Fengqiao and its land, Hanshan Temple and its midnight bells, and so on. Even the word "Jiang Feng" has several different and new solutions. However, from the perspective of the development and generation of literary ontology such as literary imagery and literary matrix, the singing of its "Jiang Feng" has its own origin and clear inheritance.
Hanshan Temple. Source: Suzhou Hanshan Temple official website
The earliest literary work depicting maple trees on the river is "Chu Ci Summoning Souls", which is generally believed to be written by Qu Yuan. "Summoning the Soul" or when Qu Yuan mourns the King of Chu Huai, "summoning the soul" of the King huai of the Qin Kingdom, its emotions are of course sad and sad. The last three sentences of The Conjuring:
ZhanzhanJiang is watery, and there are maples on it.
The eyes are extremely thousands of miles, and the heart of spring is broken.
The soul is back, mourning Jiangnan!
The meaning of these three sentences is: the clear river flows, the stream flows, the maple trees on the shore are lush and green, and the green is lush. Looking at these thousands of miles of rivers and mountains, the spring color is so beautiful and so sad. Soul, soul, come back. This Jiangnan, this Jiangnan, makes people so sad!
Such a poignant verse can be called a masterpiece, and the scene that is pointed out at the intersection of the scene is the maple forest on the riverbank, which is full of endless mourning. Such an acura, "There is a maple on the water of the Zhanzhan River" also laid a deep and mournful emotional tone for the writing of "Jiang Feng" in later generations.
The great master ruan yuan of Wei and Jin was of course familiar with "Chu Ci Summoning Souls", and "Yong Huai Eighty-Two Songs" is his famous work, of which the eleventh poem directly uses the allusion of "Feng Tree on the River" of "Summoning Souls". Poetry:
Zhanzhan Yangtze River water, there are maple trees.
Gao Lan was trailed by path, and Qingli passed away.
The distance is sad, and the spring air feels my heart.
Three Chu Duo Xiushi, towards the clouds into the absurdity.
Zhu Huazhen is fragrant, and Gao Caixiang pursues.
One mourns for the yellow sparrow, and who can forbid it under tears.
There are words such as "sorrow", "lament", "tears" in the poem, of course, not just because "the water of the Yangtze River is full of maple trees". Enjoy the beautiful scenery, lyrical sorrow; political sinister in the flow of the wind, indifferent and calm in the precarious; tears are stained, poor weeping; you see, the daily play of the Wei and Jin masters is like this "simple and boring".
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, when Xiao Gang, the Emperor Jianwen of the Southern Dynasty, presided over a collection of literati on the Shangwei Festival, he composed poems with a number of scribes, which became "Qushui Lianju Poems". Among them, Yu Shoulder Wu's poem has clouds: "Han Ai Ling Bo out, Jiang Feng whisks the shore to swim." This should be the first time that the name "Jiang Feng" has been presented.
Emperor Xiao Gang of Liang Jianwen also wrote a poem called "Wing Feng", which reads:
The wilted green reflects the green, and the sparse red is divided into white waves.
Flowers and leaves sprinkle on the boat, still holding to send distant guests.
Xiao Gang's "Wing Feng" is also titled "Wing Shu Feng" or "Wing Shu Feng Poem", and its song is actually "Jiang Feng". The first two sentences of the poem are very talented, and even the use of four words that indicate color, such as green, blue, red, and white, must be xiao Gang is also very proud. The meaning of the whole poem is that the maple forest on the riverbank, green in spring and summer, is as vast as a reed. In autumn, the maple leaves on both sides of the strait are like fire, and the soup of the great river haohao in the middle is even more obvious. The beautiful maple leaves fell down and gave them to the long-distance wanderer, so that he could remember the pulse of the farewell at this time.
Xiao Gang's "Wing Feng" poem has a great significance for the development of the literary imagery of "Jiang Feng", the poem for the first time clearly links the maple forest on the river bank with boats and boats, long journeys, and farewells, and the technique of depicting the maple forest and the reeds together is not only in line with the actual situation of the scene, but also sets a creative paradigm for later poets. For example, the opening chapter of Bai Juyi's "Pipa Line" that everyone can recite is: "Xunyang Jiangtou sends guests at night, and the maple leaves and hagi flowers are autumn and serpent." Bai Juyi did not further describe the "maple leaf hagi flower", but he so naturally made a direct link between the scene of the "maple leaf hagi flower" and his "jiangtou night sending guests" behavior, it can be seen that in the era of Bai Juyi, perhaps the close connection between "jiang feng" and boats, long journeys and farewells has become the mindset of poets and has become a literary paradigm.
Source: Panzhou Rong Media Center
The Tang poems that link Jiang Feng with melancholy are at least three of these more explicit before Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth". The first is Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night": "The white clouds go slowly, and the Qingfeng Pu is overwhelmed with sorrow." Whose house is flat tonight, where is the Acacia Mingyue Building? Poor upstairs moon wandering, should be illuminated away from the people makeup mirror table. The jade curtain could not be rolled up, and the anvil was whisked back. At this time, they do not hear each other, and they are willing to shine month by month. Obviously, "Qingfengpu is overwhelmed with sorrow", far away from the boat, Qingfengpu is a typical place to sail and shed tears, and the "sorrow" here is the sorrow of love and love under the moon.
The second is Meng Haoran's "Su YangziJin Jirun Governor Liu Hermit of Changshan":
The thoughts are in Jianye, and I want to go deep into the river.
Looking at Jingkou day and night, the smoke waves worried my heart.
Heart Chi Mao Cave, Eye Pole Maple Forest.
There are no few micro-stars, and the star frost is groaning at night.
Meng Haoran's poem is also a "night berth" poem, writing about the faint starlight, autumn frost, maple grove and other scenes. Among them, the poem "Muji Maple Forest" is obviously a secret use of "Chu Ci Summoning Souls" "There is a maple on the water of the ZhanzhanJiang River, and the eyes are extremely sad for spring", and "The smoke and waves worry about my heart", which is aptly indicative of the concern for friends under this scene.
The third is Yan Wu's "Baling Answer Du Erjian Remembrance":
When the moon falls on Mount Bashan, the two townships dream of each other.
But the infantry favored wine, and they also knew that Guanglu was the most capable of poetry.
Jiangtou red leaf maple sorrow, hedge outside the yellow flower chrysanthemum to whom.
The stomping horse looked at Junfei for a while, and the cold ape autumn goose was overwhelmed with sorrow.
The "Du Er" in the title of this poem is Du Fu, and the title of the poem shows that Du Fu sent a poem to his friend Yan Wu to express his remembrance, and Yan Wu wrote this answer poem to Du Fu in Baling during his trip. The phrase "Jiangtou Red Leaf Maple Sorrowful Guest" in the poem writes about oneself, people are on the road, and they are worried; and the opposite sentence "Who is the yellow flower chrysanthemum outside the fence" is to speculate on the tone, perhaps writing that his friend Du Fuzheng "picks chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely sees the South Mountain", as elegant and ethereal as Tao Yuanming; but because he cannot be with his friends and regrets.
Poets xiao Yingshi, Lang Shiyuan, Liu Changqing, etc. of the same era or slightly earlier as Zhang Ji also had wonderful "Jiang Feng" writings.
Xiao Yingshi's "Jiang Youfeng" is a "poetic scripture" poem, and the first chapter of the poem has a saying: "Jiang youfeng, its leaves are misty." My friend is from the east, and Yu is from the east. ”
Lang Shiyuan's "Send Li Ao Hunan Secretary" neck joint works: "Into Chu, do you forget to see the tear bamboo, and the boat should love Jiang Feng." In this farewell poem, the images of "Berthing Boat" and "Jiang Feng" are directly used, which is in line with the scene of Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth".
When Liu Changqing wrote "Jiang Feng", he used the word "Jiang Feng" clearly and accurately, at least in three places. One is "Autumn Pavilion Has Works" cloud "Under the Lonely River Pavilion, Jiang Feng Autumn Qi Spots", the second is "Xiangzhong Jixing Ten Songs • Huashitan" has "Jiang Feng Sun Shakes Down, Turning Love Cold Pond Quiet", and the third is "Listen to flute songs to leave Zheng Xielu" has "Business sound loud rain sound bitter, Jiang Tian lonely calendar Jiang Feng Qiu". And this "Listen to the Flute Song and Leave Zheng Xielu" is one of the masterpieces, the poem:
The old tour pitied me Changsha Who, carrying wine and sand to send migrants.
Tianya looks at the moon and dips his clothes, and who on the river plays the flute again.
The horizontal flute can make the lonely guest sad, and the waves are faint as if they do not flow.
Shang Sheng liang Yu sound bitter, Jiang Tian lonely Jiang Feng Qiu.
Quietly listen to Guan Shan's cry, and the three Xiang moon colors mournful apes roar.
And the sound of the willow stirring, the spring color of thousands of miles hurts people's hearts.
Drift with the wind to where to fall, only to see the depth of the lake.
After Mingfa and Jun parted, they immediately gave a white head.
The "Changsha Who" and "Relocated" at the beginning of this poem make people understand that the poet Liu Changqing is the "contemporary Qu Yuan" who was "sent away". Therefore, the tears of "staining clothes", "lonely guests" and so on can also be understood. Coupled with the expressions of "Jiang Tian's Lonely Calendar Jiang FengQiu" and "Thousand Miles of Spring Colors Hurt People's Hearts", it directly follows the feelings of "Chu Ci Summoning Souls" that "there are maples on the water of the Zhanzhan River, and the eyes are extremely thousands of miles and hurt the spring heart". However, with the passage of time, Liu Changqing is not Qu Yuan after all, and under the thousand years, from the Warring States to the Middle Tang Dynasty, the consistent writing has changed the sincere loyalty of the rioters to the loneliness and sorrow of the migrants, and the sorrow of the turmoil people for the state affairs for the king to the wandering and groaning of the migrants.
Looking back, Liu Changqing may have been a jinshi during the Kaiyuan period (713-741 AD), while Zhang Ji may have been a jinshi in the twelfth year of Tianbao (753 AD), so it is inferred that Liu Changqing may be more than ten years older than Zhang Ji. And this Liu Changqing, who may be more than ten years older than Zhang Ji, wrote poems, "Jiang Feng", "Autumn", "Bitterness", "Sorrow", etc. have been used freely, exquisitely and beautifully.
So, in this way, Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" is the brightest star in the night sky that flashes at this most suitable historical node; and the literary expression of "Jiangfeng Fishing Fire to Sleep" is the most crystal clear wave in the long river of literature and art.
After Zhang, the most famous Tang poem written by Feng Ye is Du Mu's "Mountain Journey": "Far up the stone path of the Hanshan Mountain, there are people in the depths of the white clouds." Parking to sit in love maple forest at night, frost leaves red in February flowers. ”
Returning to the theme of "Jiang Feng", the poem "Jiangling Sorrow and Hope for Zi'an" by the late Tang Dynasty female poet Yu Xuanji is very emotional:
The maple leaves are thousands of branches, and the river bridge hides the twilight sail late.
The heart of the remembrance is like the water of the West River, and the day and night flow east without rest.
Oh, on the riverbank, in the fiery red maple grove, who is waiting for you, and who are you waiting for?
Author: Sun Xiuhua