This bell sounds particularly clear and distant in the silence of all kinds of people. It shows the silence of the night, but it also strengthens the silence of the night; it reaches the poet's ear with a sound, and it seems to strike at the heart of the sleepless traveler, setting off a greater wave of his sorrowful feelings.
"Maple Bridge Night Berth"
Don Zhang Ji
The moon is falling and the frost is full of frost, and the river maple fishing fire is sad and sleepy.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship.
This short poem describes what the poet saw, heard and felt when he was moored the boat Maple Bridge in the middle of the night. The beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers in the poem and the melancholy of the mianmiao journey are integrated, full of poetic feelings, which have been well-known at home and abroad for thousands of years and have been recited by the population.
The first sentence, "The moon is falling and the sky is full of frost", just seven words write three scenes. "Moonset" and "crow" are the eyes and ears of poets from midnight to dawn. "Frost on the sky" points out that the season is late autumn. Frost is not full of sky, and the "frost" here refers to the cold that is emitted when the frost falls, that is, the frost gas. The moon gradually sank west after midnight, and the surrounding area was gray and misty, appearing particularly quiet and cold. The perched crows at the head of the trees sometimes make a dumb cry, "The singing mountain is more quiet", and the cry in the silence of the midnight makes the silence of the environment more prominent. At this time, the frost was filled with frost, filling the sky, making the poet on the ship feel cold in body and mind. The connection and combination of these three scenes, from what they see and hear, to what they feel, are layered and very harmonious, forming a quiet and beautiful picture in the middle of the night in late autumn, and it can be said that it is a "sound painting" that both sees its shape and hears its sound, setting up a lonely and poignant atmosphere for the whole poem.
The second sentence, "JiangFeng Fishing Fire to Sleep", buckles the word "night berth" in the poem title, and further writes the lyricism of the scene. This sentence also writes three scenes. The "river" of "Jiangfeng" refers to the ancient canal that flows under the Maple Bridge. Through the misty night, the poet can faintly see the maple trees on the riverbank. "Chu Ci Summoning Souls" has a saying: "There is a maple on the water of the Zhanzhan River, and the eyes are extremely sad for spring." "Predecessors used to associate "Jiang Feng" with melancholy, and writing "Jiang Feng" here is also an allegory in the scene. "Fishing fire" refers to the lights on a fishing boat. Maple Bridge is an important ferry port of the ancient canal, where many fishing boats are moored. Across the water, the author saw a little fishing fire, shaking and flickering in a darkness, teasing his own infinite feelings. "Jiang Feng" and "Fishing Fire", dynamic and static contrast, light and dark match, forming a quiet night berth scene. "Sleepy" means that the author lies in the cabin with travel sorrows, tossing and turning. This is the key word of this sentence: it is precisely because it is difficult to sleep, so you can see "Jiang Feng" and "Fishing Fire" from the cabin; On the other hand, because of the relative accompaniment of "Jiang Feng" and "Fishing Fire", he touched the scenery and made him feel sad, and he could not sleep at night. The word "right" for "sleep" has a two-way nature here, reflecting the intersection of the scenery of night berthing and the feelings of travelers. "Melancholy" is also the center of the whole poem, both up and down, the scene seen in front and the bell heard in the back are all strung together by these two words, forming a complete artistic conception of the poem.
The third sentence, "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City", not only points out where the poet moored his boat, but also writes the source of the midnight bell below. Hanshan Temple is very close to the Maple Bridge, and looking east from the Maple Bridge, you can faintly see some of the outlines of the temple in the night, and of course, you can clearly hear the bells coming from the temple. The ancient temple of the city is directly pointed out here, in addition to playing a role in the transition from the scene of the night to the midnight bell, it also has independent aesthetic significance. It naturally reminds people of the solemn temples and solemn Buddha statues in the temple, which produces a feeling of historical and cultural beauty. At this point, the fishing fire of Jiangfeng and the shadow of the temple are in harmony, and the beauty of natural wind and material and the beauty of history and culture are integrated into one, melting in the expression of poetic beauty in the work.
The last sentence, "Midnight Bell to the Passenger Ship", writes the poet lying down to listen to the ancient temple night clock. Ouyang Xiu once pointed out that "three more is not the time of striking the bell", believing that this is a "language disease" in which "poets are greedy for good sentences and have no sense" (June 1st Poetry, 18). But in fact, in Tang poetry, and even in the "History of the South" can find the basis of the "midnight clock". Zhang Ji wrote in this way, not only good sentences, but also true. It vividly depicts the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple reaching the cabin where the poet was sleeping. This bell sounds particularly clear and distant in the silence of all kinds of people. It shows the silence of the night, but it also strengthens the silence of the night; it reaches the poet's ear with a sound, and it seems to strike at the heart of the sleepless traveler, setting off a greater wave of his sorrowful feelings. This frosty sky is the soul of the whole poetry, and it adds a rich charm to the beautiful picture composed of "moon falling", "crying", "river maple", "fishing fire", "temple shadow" and "passenger ship", making the poetic image reach a perfect state and show a strong interest.
"Fengqiao Night Berth" blends scenes, sound and image, is a beautiful poem, but also seems to be a vivid painting and a rich music, with a unique and permanent artistic charm. After the appearance of this poem, the originally very ordinary Fengqiao and Hanshan Temple famous broadcast a 28-character small poem, which had such a profound impact, which is extremely rare in the history of Chinese poetry.