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This man was a kuomintang veteran, an officer to an army general. Because the troops under his jurisdiction in the early years were all Shaanxi and Henan grassy knifemen, people at that time called them "the old thieves of the Central Plains". In 1930, during the Central Plains War, he infiltrated the Northwest Army Feng Yuxiang's department to carry out counter-offensive work, was detained by Sun Dianying, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to redeem it for 100,000 modern oceans, Feng Yuxiang offered 200,000 yuan for Sun Dianying to shoot him, and finally the two bid each other, and Chiang Kai-shek finally rescued him at a high price of 600,000 modern oceans. This legendary Kuomintang general was General Zhang Wei.
Speaking of General Zhang, military history enthusiasts are confused. Because the most active period of this man's military career was from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937. That is, he did not have proud military achievements, and he was not valued by the Nationalist government, so although he was a general in the Kuomintang army, he was only a marginal figure who "only ate imperial grain and did not care about anything".
Briefly introduce their personal information:
Zhang Xiao (张钫), Zi Boying, Youshi, Han ethnicity, born in 1886, is a native of Tiemen Town, Xin'an County, Henan Province. The main leader of the Shaanxi New Army at the end of the Qing Dynasty. After the outbreak of the Qin Longfu Han Army in 1911, he served as the commander of the second town and division commander of the Shaanxi Army; during the Patriotic War in 1916, he was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Yu Coalition Army, leading the revolutionary party forces in Shaanxi and Henan provinces to fight against Yuan Shikai; in 1918, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Jingguo Army (the commander-in-chief was on the right), and he served as the warlord Duan Qirui of the Beiyang Anhui clan and his Shaanxi agent Chen Shufan; in 1928, he was appointed as the director of the Construction Department of Henan Province, making many contributions to promoting the development of Henan's economic construction In 1930, he infiltrated Feng Yuxiang's department in the Central Plains War and instigated more than 100,000 people, including Han Fuqu, Sun Dianying, and Ji Hongchang, to oppose Feng and surrender to Chiang Kai-shek, thus making great contributions to Chiang Kai-shek's victory in the Great Battle of the Central Plains; in 1937, he became the commander-in-chief of the 19th Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army, was dismissed from military power and became a marginal figure; in 1949, he instigated the Peaceful Uprising of Chen Kefei of the 20th Corps of the Kuomintang in Sichuan, making great contributions to the cause of the liberation of New China; in 1966 he died of illness in Beijing at the age of 81. He is the author of his personal memoir", "Forty Years of Wind and Rain", which was published in 1986.
Today, Xiaobian will share with you three stories about General Zhang Xiao.
I. Chiang Kai-shek bid 600,000 yuan for the current ocean and bought Zhang Zhen's head from Sun Dianying
In April 1930, dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of reorganizing the armed forces of local warlords, Feng Yuxiang in the northwest, Yan Xishan in Shanxi, and Li Zongren in Guangxi united to oppose the central government's reorganization by force, and the Central Plains War broke out. Although Chiang Kai-shek's central army was not as large as that of the local warlords, it had great financial power in the state, so it decided to rely on the large amount of silver dollars in his hands to plot rebellion within the local warlords. General Zhang Xiao was a veteran of the Xinhai Revolution, who had a high prestige and connections within the warlord system in the northwest, and was entrusted by Chiang Kai-shek to go to Feng Yuxiang's department on behalf of the Central Committee to carry out counter-insurgency work.
After Zhang Xiao arrived in Shandong, with his three-inch uncorrupted tongue and the cheque waved in his hand, he easily rebelled against Feng Yuxiang's general Han Fuqu and made Feng Dashuai vomit blood in anger. After plotting against Han Fuqu, Zhang Xuan rushed to sun dianying in the northwest army to plot a rebellion, and as a result, zhang wei arrived at Sun Dianying's department and was known to Feng Yuxiang because his whereabouts were leaked. Feng Yuxiang was annoyed that Zhang Xiao was digging his own corner everywhere and ordered Sun Dianying to shoot Zhang Xiao on the spot. When Chiang Kai-shek learned that Zhang Xiao was in danger, he sent a telegram to Sun Dianying, and was willing to give him 100,000 yuan for military expenses, and must protect Zhang Xiao's personal safety. Sun Dianying, who did not dare to offend Chiang Kai-shek and did not want to take the liberty of betraying Feng Yuxiang, detained Zhang Xuan in his headquarters for tea and waited to see what happened. Feng Yuxiang realized that Sun Dianying did not carry out his orders and had the heart of betrayal, so he was generous and offered 200,000 yuan to let Sun Dianying shoot Zhang Xiao. In fact, this was a one-stone two-bird strategy, first write a blank cheque, wait for Sun Dianying to kill Chiang Kai-shek's envoy, then even if he did not cash it, Sun Dianying would not be able to turn to Chiang Kai-shek again.
Chiang Kai-shek was anxious to instigate a split within the Northwest Army because of the war, and seeing that Sun Dianying was a man who saw profit and forgot righteousness, he immediately raised the military fee to 300,000 yuan. Over there, Feng Yuxiang could not afford to lose this gamble, and raised the price to 400,000 yuan, hoping that Sun Dianying would cut off contact with Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek "reluctantly let the child not be able to trap the wolf", sent someone with a 600,000 cash dayang cheque to Sun Dianying's ministry, and finally made this deal and redeemed Zhang Qi. After Sun Dianying surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Xuan painted a scoop according to the gourd, and smoothly and smoothly bribed more than 100,000 people under Feng Yuxiang's subordinates. Feng Yuxiang went to the two pavilions and eventually lost the Central Plains War.
Second, the 8 divisions under him were all grassy knifemen in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, known as the "old thief head of the Central Plains"
In August 1930, on behalf of the Nationalist government, Zhang Xiao carried out a large-scale anti-compilation and counter-offensive work in the northwestern provinces. In order to seek a future development, the green forests and grasses of Shaanxi and Henan provinces, bandit knifemen, have thrown themselves into their hands, just to receive silver dollars from Zhang Xiao's hands. Zhang Xuan himself did not expect that in just a few months, the number of people who had defected to him had reached more than 90,000 people in 8 divisions, and Chiang Kai-shek gave him the nickname of the 20th Route Army, asking him to assist Liu Zhi, the chairman of the province, in Henan to clean up the mess after the war.
Zhang Xiao's 20th Route Army was mixed with dragons and snakes, and almost concentrated bandits and knivmen and hooligans from Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and these people gathered together and could do something good. The discipline of the 20th Route Army was scattered, the soldiers ate, drank, gambled and smoked five poisons, and there was no shortage of people who stole chickens and dogs, killed people and crossed the goods. In view of this, the people of the time called his army a bandit army and Zhang Xiao as the "old thief head of the Central Plains".
The 20th Route Army had three armies under its jurisdiction, the 27th, 29th, and 32nd, and most of the military and political commanders were corrupt and incompetent, and only a famous anti-Japanese general, Wang Lingyun, was added to the glory of the ministry.
Third, the bright rise and the dark fall, the commander-in-chief of the group army became the commander of the light pole
From 1931 to 1935, Zhang Xiao, as Chiang Kai-shek's pawn, did not do less to encircle and suppress the Red Army. In general, there are more defeats than victories, and there is no less reprimand from Chiang Kai-shek.
In November 1935, Zhang Xiao, then commander of the 12th Army Corps, was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee at the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang. People who don't know it think that Zhang Xiao became an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee and was promoted. However, those who know the history of the Republic of China know that within the Kuomintang, the transfer from military to political posts is a consistent trick to deprive the military of power. How could such a shrewd character as Zhang Xiao not understand the serious relationship between them. Therefore, he often excused himself on the grounds of illness and was unwilling to give up his military position.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in July 1937, Gu Zhutong recommended to the Ministry of National Defense that Zhang Zhuo be promoted to the commander-in-chief of the 19th Group Army and allowed him to recruit ten divisions of troops in Henan on his own. Zhang Xiao did not know what the plan was, and ran to Henan to recruit troops for himself, but under the obstruction of local officials in Henan, not even a single division was recruited. The promised military expenditure was delayed in allocating funds, and the promised local government helped publicize the recruitment of soldiers, but as a result, the quota for recruiting troops was given to other troops. Zhang Xuan traveled around for months without finding anything, and Fang Wu was a trap set by the authorities to kick non-concubine generals like him back to their hometown for retirement. Zhang Xiao was angry and disappointed, and he smoked opium cigarettes, visited brothel kilns, and spent all day with spirits, drunk himself. Don't you want me to leave? Okay, I'll turn myself into a piece of crap so that you have an excuse to kick me away. As he wished, zhang Was soon appointed vice president of the Military Senate, completely bidding farewell to the military career of leading soldiers and fighting wars.
In 1947, in order to appease Zhang Xiao, a revolutionary elder, the Kuomintang awarded him the rank of general in the army.
In December 1949, Zhang, as an old senior, persuaded the commander of the Kuomintang 20th Corps to revolt in Sichuan. Zhang's contribution to the peaceful liberation of Sichuan and the preservation of the lives and property of the people of Chengdu city has been made. After the liberation of Chengdu, At the invitation of Zhang Xiao moved to Chengdu.
In his later years, Zhang Xiao lived in Beijing and concentrated on writing memoirs from 1960, writing about 300,000 words of memoirs, which recorded many major historical events and the activities of important historical figures in the decades from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the uprising in 1949, which is a precious historical material.
In May 1966, Zhang Xiao was in Beijing at the age of 81, and his compilation was "Forty Years of Wind and Rain", which was published in 1986.