Li Yu was the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and it was really difficult for him to be the king of a country. However, as a lyricist, Li Yu is full of talent and is worthy of the emperor of words for thousands of years. Li Yu' status as the most accomplished lyricist in ancient China, coupled with his status as the king of the fallen country, made him highly famous in Chinese history. The search for the tomb of Li Yu was originally a historical examination, but Mr. Jin Zhengxin, who went to investigate together, loved gossip and liked to talk about Li Yu and the wind and snow after the Great Zhou and the Little Zhou, hoping to examine and verify the legends in this regard. Hence the article again!
Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty
Historically, among the 1 emperors and 2 lords of the Southern Tang Dynasty, there were 4 empresses, the first empress was Song Fujin, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty's ancestor Li Fu. The second empress was Empress Zhong, empress of Li Jing of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The third empress was Empress Dowager Zhou, whose original name was Zhou Qiang (周蔷), and his nickname was Emperor E. She was the eldest daughter of Emperor Zhouzong, a great duke of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the first empress of the later lord Li Yu.
According to historical records, Emperor Zhou'e was an excellent musician and dancer, "a general history, good at singing and dancing, and a pipa with a phoenix." Once, Zhou Shi played the pipa to wish the lord Li Jing a happy birthday, and the beautiful tune made Li Jing impressed, so he gave his cherished burning trough pipa to the Zhou clan. She re-examined and arranged the "Neon Dress Feather Song" of the Tang Ming Emperor era, so that it was passed down for thousands of years!
Emperor Hou'e of the Great Zhou Dynasty was not only beautiful in appearance, chuchu and moving, intelligent and virtuous, but also able to write good literature, and she created a kind of high bun and a makeup of the first bun, which was popular in Jinling. After Li Yu succeeded to the throne, he was very gracious to her and crowned her as empress. Lu You said in the Southern Tang Book of Zhaohui Later Biography: Later Lord Zhaohui Guohou Zhou, nicknamed Emperor E, daughter of Situ Zong, returned at the age of nineteen. She was the eldest daughter of Emperor Zhouzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty and empress dowager Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty. After the Great Zhou Dynasty, he gave birth to two sons, Li Zhongyu and Zhongxuan.
After The Great Zhou, during her illness, her sister (later Xiao Zhou Hou) took the opportunity to visit the palace to communicate with her brother-in-law Li Yu. After the Great Zhou, he saw it and was shocked: "When will Ru come?" After the small week, he said: "Even a few days." After the big week, he was angry. Li Yu was full of guilt about this, and he was with him day and night, and he had to take care of all the food and drink himself. In the cold winter night, he guarded the side of Emperor Zhou E night after night, and the tired pole was only lying in peace, and the clothes were not untied. However, the death of the second son, Zhongxuan, made Da Zhou Hou extremely ill, and Da Zhou Hou knew that his life would end, but instead he looked away and said, The son of a, a concubine There is no greater glory for women than this. Those who are inadequate, the son is martyred, and there is no way to repay the virtue. She asked for the burial of the flaming trough pipa that Li Jing had given her, and wrote a suicide note in her own handwriting asking for a thin burial.
After the great week, he supported himself to bathe and change his clothes and makeup, and even put hanyu into his mouth with his own hands, and then died in the west room of the Yaoguang Hall. After the great week, he was not extroverted to death, and did not forgive Li Yu and his sister for getting along. After the Great Zhou Dynasty, he died in December of the second year of Qiande (964 AD), and only a month later, Li Yu, who appeared at the funeral, had changed from a 28-year-old young man who was "Ming Jun" into a skeleton that could not stand without a staff. Li Yu was full of remorse and wrote a number of poems for his beloved wife, the longest known one is the touching "Yi Zhaohui Zhou HouYi", and called himself "Widower Yu". After the Great Zhou Dynasty, he was buried with Yi Ling.
He died in the second year of Qiande at the age of 29. After the death of Da Zhou Hou, her own sister became Li Yu's successor, Xiao Zhou Hou. Xiao Zhou hou met Li Yu when he was 15 years old, xiao Zhou Hou had a beautiful appearance, superb chess skills, and loved luxury and pleasure. In 974, after the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin sent more than 100,000 troops to attack the Southern Tang, and the following year, Li Yu changed from emperor to prisoner and bid farewell to Jinling. In 978, on his 42nd birthday, Li Yu wrote a phrase that has been passed down through the ages: "Alone with no column, infinite rivers and mountains, it is easy to see when it is difficult." Flowing water and flowers go to spring also, heaven and earth. "The feeling of home and country in this song is very eye-catching. Legend has it that this word made Emperor Taizong of Song zhao Guangyi angry after he knew it, so he gave wine and poisoned Li Yu. Shortly after Li Yu's death, Xiao Zhouhou died only a few months later due to mourning, at the age of 28.
There are many theories about the cause of Li Hou's death. Did Li Yu really die?
The Book of Southern Tang is a chronicle of the history of the Southern Tang Dynasty, written by Lu You. The Book of Southern Tang says: "(Li Yu) died in June of the third year of the Taiping Revival, at the age of forty-two. It is the day, Tanabata also. After the main cover is born in the day. He was given the title of Grand Master, posthumously crowned King wu, and buried in Luoyang's Northern Mountains." Li Tao's "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Long Compilation": "壬辰, gifted to Taishi, Li Yu, the King of Wu, went up to the three days of quitting the dynasty." The History of the Song Dynasty: "壬辰, the right Qianniu Wei general Li Yuzu, posthumously honored as king of Wu".
Regarding the cause of Li Yu's death, according to the Book of Southern Tang, Li Yu died in June of the third year of the Taiping Revival, and the statement is very simple and clear. "Death" is equivalent to "euthanasia" today. In fact, this is normal, not to mention Li Yu, a king of the subjugated country, even if Song Taizu died, the history books were only "the emperor collapsed in the Hall of Ten Thousand Years, fifty years old", and also did not mention the cause of death.
Since there is no such thing as Zhengshi, where does the claim that Li Yu was brutally poisoned come from? It was found that it was from a book called "Memoirs" that revealed Li Yu's death. The book says: Once Song Taizong asked Xu Xuan, "Have you seen Li Yu recently?" Xu Xuan quickly denied: "I dare to see him privately." Because Li Yu was the king of the fallen country, Xu Xuan was once an old vassal of the Southern Tang Dynasty and served Li Yu. After listening, Song Taizong said, "When you go to see him, you will say that you were sent by Shuo." So Seo Hyun rode to Lee Mansion and met the old lord. In the face of the visit of the old ministers, Li Yu initially "held hands and cried and sat silently", and later sighed long and short: "Repent of killing Pan You and Li Ping", Pan You was a loyal minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and repeatedly wrote to advise Li Yu. After Xu Xuan returned, Emperor Taizong asked Li Yu what he had said, and Xu Xuan did not dare to deceive, and told the truth, "Then there was a matter of the King of Qin giving the lead medicine." In this regard, the "Memoirs" also wrote two reasons for poisoning Li Yu: "After the Lord was in Shidi, because of the fate of the Qixi, the prostitutes were happy, and the sound was heard outside, and Emperor Taizong was furious; and the sentences 'Xiaolou had another east wind last night' and 'a river of spring water flowed eastward', and sat on it, and was cursed." It is said that Li Yu not only held a birthday party on the Tanabata Festival, but also boldly expressed his tendency to miss his homeland in the lyric "Yu Meiren". Several crimes were punished at the same time, so the Song Tai Sect sent someone to send the lead machine wine.
So, what kind of book is "Memoirs"? It is a notebook novel, mainly recounting the relics and folklore of the government and the public during the Northern Song Dynasty. This kind of book has existed throughout the ages. Wang Cheng, the author of the "Memoirs", was mainly active during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, and was once appreciated by Zhao Zhuo for compiling books. Lu lobbied that Wang Hao's memory was particularly good, and he liked to tell others the political stories of the Northern Song Dynasty, often gushing endlessly, which showed that he was keen on this. Li Yu died in 978, while during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty between 1131 and 1162, a difference of at least 150 years. Therefore, the "Memoirs" say that Li Yu was poisoned in the early Northern Song Dynasty and Song Dynasty, and it is difficult to determine whether this statement is true or not.
Epitaph of Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty
In addition to the "Silent Record", are there other historical sources that speak of Li Yu's death? In addition, the earliest mention of this matter should be the epitaph written by Xu Xuan for Li Yu. Around 1980, someone excavated Li Yu's tomb and stole the epitaph. The original text of the epitaph reads roughly as follows: "Woohoo! On July 8, the third autumn of the Taiping Revival, he died in the first place of the Beijing Division, at the age of forty-two. The emperor mourned a few times, threw melons and sorrows, and was not caught in pain. He was honored with a special edict to quit the dynasty for three days, give it to the Taishi, posthumously crown the King of Wu, and be buried with the fate of the emperor. All that is necessary for funeral sacrifices is given by the officials. And on October day of the winter of his year, he was buried in a certain township in a county in Henan Province, Li ye. ”
The epitaph says that Li Yu "fell ill in the Jingshi Lidi", that is, he died of illness. Moreover, when Li Yu was buried, Song Taizong gave him a very high treatment, quit the dynasty for three days, posthumously presented Taishi and Wu Wang, sent officials to participate in the funeral, and all funeral expenses were paid by public funds. The Southern Tang Dynasty died at the hands of Song Taizu in the last year of Kaibao, when Zhao Kuangyin made Li Yu the Marquis of Disobedience (Southern Tang Li Yu was not like Wu Yue Zhongyi King Qian Li sent troops to pacify Jiangnan of Song Taizu), which seemed to be praised and degraded, just like after the Jing Kang Revolution, the Jin Emperor conferred the title of Song Huizong "Duke of Xiade" and Song Qinzong "Marquis of Chongxiao", which was a humiliating title. Emperor Taizong of Song ascended the throne and renamed Li Yu the Duke of Longxi, which not only raised his rank, but also made his title more pleasant.
In addition, Li Yu's eldest son, Li Zhongyu, was born after the Great Zhou Dynasty. Song Taizong also treated him quite well, when Li Yu died, Zhongyu was overly sad, Zhao Guangyi sent emissaries to comfort him, and after the funeral was completed, he allocated it to the house in the first district of Jizhenfang in Central Beijing. Later, Li Zhongyu wrote to the family that the population was too large and the economy was in difficulty, and asked to leave Bieliang and become a local official. Emperor Taizong of Song immediately agreed and was given the title of Yingzhou Assassin. Therefore, if Emperor Taizong of Song hated Li Yu and killed him, why did he treat Li Yu's son kindly? Legend has it that Song Taizong was a man who did not even spare his brother and nephew. Therefore, the theory of poisoning and killing contradicts the Zhao family's measures against the Li family, thus making the truth confusing!
Southern Tang Dynasty "Han Xizai Night Feast"
In addition, it is said that Xiao Zhouhou was once strongly blessed by Emperor Taizong of Song. The source of this incident is still "Memoirs". Let's take a look at the original text: "Long Gun's "Jiangnan Record" has a slightly deleted yun: Li Guo's lord Xiao Zhou then returned to the dynasty, and he was named Lady Zheng Guo, and the woman was ordered to enter the palace. Every day that comes out of the house, he will weep and curse the Lord, and the sound will be heard outside, and he will turn away from it. And Han Yuru's family had Li Guo lord return to the dynasty and the Jinling old palace people Shuyun: 'In this middle of the day and night, only wash your face with tears'." The gist was that Xiao Zhou came to Bieliang with Li Yu and initially crowned Lady ZhengGuo. According to the custom, she would follow the other wives into the palace. Unexpectedly, Song Taizong, a lustful person, had to force people to stay for several days every time. After leaving the palace, Xiao Zhouhou, who was insulted, cried and angrily scolded Li Yu. As can be seen from the first few words, the author of the conjecture "Memoji" learned about this matter after reading Long Gun's "Jiangnan Record". Did Long Gong ever write The Record of Jiangnan? The answer is no, he wrote "The History of Gangnam Wild". The "Records of Jiangnan" was written by Xu Xuan, and there is no record of Song Taizong's strong luck xiao Zhouhou in it, because the book was written by edict, and Xu Xuan was still a minister of Song Taizong, even if there was really a strong luck, Xu Xuan did not dare to write it into the book. Whether Long Gun's "History of Jiangnan Wild" was written is difficult to say. Because the "History of Jiangnan Wild" that people can see now is broken, from the remaining parts, Long Gong did not say that Song Taizong had a strong luck. "Since the country of the family was lost, the rank of the knight was degraded, the concubine did not exist, and the silence was not at ease, so he lay down and died." From the beginning of the humble to the mouth of the palace, and not back to his concubines every cry, after the Lord has no reckoning, every time he hears it, he will avoid it. The soldier did not rise up to become ill with longing, and died. The young daughter of Situ Zong of the Later Zhou Dynasty. The sisters before and after, rarely come and go to the palace with in-laws. Later, the Lord saw its beauty and beauty. When he was about to die, he suddenly saw the back and entered, but asked his sister when he would come to the palace, and then when he was young, he did not know the suspicion, that is, he said to the truth: "It will be a few days." After being angry, he lay facing the wall and lay down until he died. After the death, he is often imprisoned, and after he is accepted, it is only a ceremony. After the lord ordered the goose to be made of royal letters with a color, it was extremely extravagant. And greeted, the people's spectators were in the house, and they fell into the tiles and died. His Xiyan courtiers, Han Xizai and the descent are all poems to satirize, and then the Lord does not condemn. Since the marriage of the shishu became a custom, and the lord was later enfeoffed as a disobedient marquis, later a concubine, and three years after the Taiping Revival, the lord died, and he also died a few years later. ”
The above text of the "History of Jiangnan Wild" can draw three conclusions. The first is to believe that Li Yu died of illness, not poisoning. Second, Song Taizong forcibly left Li Congqian, not Xiao Zhouhou. Li Congqian was the half-brother of the empress dowager Li Yu. Third, neither Wang Hao nor Long Gong said that when Emperor Taizong of Song was lucky, he sent court painters to paint them. So where is the matter of The Strong Luck Xiao Zhou written by Wang Cheng? If anything, it may be that the missing part of the "History of Jiangnan Ye" is missing, but we can't see it, it is reported that the book originally had twenty volumes, and ten volumes exist today; it may be that Wang Yu misread li congqian as Xiao Zhouhou; or it may be that he wanted to criticize Song Taizong and deliberately changed Li Congqian to Xiao Zhouhou. In fact, even if the "History of Jiangnan Wild" really has a similar record, it is not necessarily a historical fact. Because the book is a private note, although it adopts the same jichuan style as the main history, the material is mostly derived from the local gossip legends and the remarks of the old people (Southern Tang), so it calls itself "Wild History", and in terms of content, there are also shortcomings such as messy writing and self-contradiction, and the successive generations have not highly evaluated it. In a palace secret like Zhao Guangyi's strong and fortunate Xiao Zhouhou, it was difficult for Long Gong, as a low-level literati, to grasp conclusive evidence. It's not that there must be no strong luck, it's just that the probability is relatively low. As for the "Xiling Xing Xiao Zhou Hou Tu", the earliest record is left by the two Ming Dynasty people, and the Song Dynasty people did not say it, whether it is the main history or the wild history. Whether the painting was really painted by Song Taizong or was appended by posterity is difficult to judge.
Ming Dynasty Shen Defu "Wan LiYe Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi": "Occasionally at a friend's place, I saw the Song people painting XiLing Xing Xiao Zhou Hou tu, Taizong wearing a head, his face was pale and fat, and his instruments were very great; after Zhou Hou's limbs were weak, the people of the palace held it, and Zhou Zuo's forehead could not be overcome. After gai, she was the young daughter of Emperor Zhouzong, that is, Ye Shi Soyun: every time the ladies entered the forbidden place, they stayed for a few days, and when they came out, they would insult the Hou Lord, and the Hou Lord would turn away from it. That is, it is also a matter of fact. There are many inscriptions after this picture, but there is a Yuanren Feng Haisu Bachelor Inscription Cloud: Jiangnan left with plum blossoms, which was also forcibly folded by the king. The golden wind at the bottom of the strange ground rushed up, and the royal garden was full of red and purple dragon piles. "The color is black. A fat black man with "great instruments" contrasts with a small woman with weak limbs. Ming Yao Shilin 'See Only Editor'" (明雅編): "Yu tasted the powder copy of The famous Salt Master Zhang Ji Linyuan's "Song Taizong Qiangxing Xiao Zhou Hou", and then wore a flower crown, red socks on both feet, and socks only to half a shin ear. Naked with five handmaidens, two armpits, two shares, one behind, in the air. Emperor Taizong took the lead. After closing his eyes, he turned his head and refused Taizong's cheek with his hand.
It can be seen from the above that whether it is Song Taizong poisoning Li Yu, or Song Taizong strong luck Xiao Zhou hou gossip is the majority of ingredients!