In the history of Chinese aesthetics, the first person who put forward the proposition of "taking nature as beauty" was called Li Zhen. He was a famous writer and thinker during the Wanli period in the late Ming Dynasty, and he was also a generation of masters of the Taizhou School of YangmingXinXue, and his "childlike theory" laid the foundation for his literary thought. Today, let's enjoy the ten good words of Li Zhen, a great thinker, a great philosopher, and a generation of masters of the Taizhou School in the late Ming Dynasty, and experience the philosophical view and unique personality behind the text.
Li Yan was born in Fujian, and his ancestors moved to Fujian from the Yuan Dynasty. In his early childhood, Li Zhen followed his father to read, and was good at thinking since childhood, and showed an independent side of thinking. He was not bound by traditional Confucianism and had anti-traditional ideas in his thinking. According to records, at the age of 26, Li Zhenzhong was an official before the age of 45, and later resigned and returned to his hometown, mainly writing articles and lecturing. It is said that Li Zhen himself became a disciple of Wang Zhen, the son of Wang Gong of the Taizhou School, who was influenced by the Taizhou School of Humanity, and his "nature" theory was also influenced by the Taizhou School, and through the cognition of aesthetics, it was synthesized into an aesthetic proposition.
It is worth mentioning that the concept of Li Zhen's "nature" theory includes childlike heart, selfish heart, the original heart and personality of the puppet, etc., he believes that all kinds of mentality are beautiful, along the direction of the reform of wang Yangming's heart of the Taizhou School, towards authenticity, utilitarianism, and commonerness, and his thoughts have the characteristics of a specific period. Therefore, when he resigned from the government to give lectures, because he was ideologically close to the people and was in touch with the shortcomings of the times, he dared to criticize the current politics, and it is said that as long as Li Zhen gave a lecture, thousands of people would empty the alleys, and both men, women, and children would come to listen to his lectures and be deeply loved.
Because Li Yan's thinking was too radical, or it was inconsistent with the so-called mainstream ideas at that time, he opposed the inferiority of men over women, the suppression of heavy agriculture and business, social corruption, and corrupt officials, and through lectures denounced various phenomena, and finally was arrested and imprisoned for the crime of "daring to advocate chaos and deceive the world and slander the people." In prison, Li Yan committed suicide at the age of 76. He was buried in Beijing, and his tomb is in The Tongzhou District of Beijing, which is still alive and has been listed as a cultural relics protection in Beijing.
Li Zhen's thought is mainly based on personality liberation, anti-tradition, and return to Zhu Lixue, etc. His ideas represent the new cultural trend of thought, and it is also one of the most representative figures of the new cultural trend of thought. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when capitalism sprouted and industry and commerce became more and more developed, people received new things, new ideas, and naturally began to deviate from traditional ideas. In the social context, a group of literati and thinkers have emerged who are pursuing freedom and seeking the liberation of individuality.
In terms of literature, Li Yan's thought also influenced the orientation of people at that time, and the "childlike theory" laid the foundation for his literary thought. He regards the emotions and nature of innocence and nature as the highest category of human nature, and uses the theory of natural human nature to oppose bondage. The pursuit of nature and freedom, enhance human consciousness of autonomy, improve personal value, the formation of a literary trend of emphasis on "affection", "truth", and "custom", and impact on Cheng Zhu Lixue and false Taoism. In addition, it is Li Zhen's efforts that make popular literature begin to reflect literary value in China, and literature of various themes has opened up a new sky and artistic time and space.
Generally speaking, Li Zhen's thought and literary outlook are both the pursuit of individuality, reflecting the sense of the times in the society at that time, and his ideas were also conceived when the era emerged capitalist. Personality is its ideological characteristic, although it is very individual, but it is inseparable from the admiration of natural humanity. Personality is a double-edged sword, and in the end, Li Zhen also makes his ending tragic because of his untamed personality.
According to records, Li Yan was born on November 23, 1527, and today is the 494th anniversary of his birth, so let's enjoy the ten aphorisms of this late Ming Dynasty thinker, writer, and generation of grandmasters of the Taizhou School, and experience the deep meaning and unique personality behind the words.
Lying down to taste the guts is to swallow Wu, and the iron-faced gun teeth are husbands. --Li Zhen
If I don't look at the book, why should I be happy? Pleasant and nourishing, right here. --Li Zhen
Longhu Zhuowu, how happy is it? Read at four o'clock, I don't know the rest. --Li Zhen
Blindly scheming, full of treachery. Buddha-nature ends here and disappears. --Li Zhen
Things cannot be formed without exercise; man must not be cut, and he will never become an adult. --Li Zhen
Fame and wealth in the world, and the moral life of the husband, He once bound people, and people bound their ears. --Li Zhen
The people of the world love many things, so they regard nothing as loneliness; when they are happy, they take many things as shackles. --Li Zhen
If they can lay down a person, their heart is weak; their heart is weak, so they are widely taken; what is widely taken, the higher their people are. --Li Zhen
The heroes do not forget to be in the ravines, and the warriors do not forget to lose their roots. What if I don't die today? May the sooner he die and return to Huangquan. --Li Zhen
Whoever has great talent will be able to know little and will be widowed, and his flaws will be many, and those who are not true and have eyes will not believe in what they say. --Li Zhen