On the morning of November 22, 2021, four geological surveyors surveying forest resources in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan Province, were all found eight days after they were missing, but unfortunately all of them were killed when they were found. The deceased rests in peace, all the way to good...
Ailao Mountain, located in central Yunnan, China, is an extension of the Yunling Mountains to the south, is the dividing line between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, and is also the watershed of the Yuanjiang and Amo Rivers, with an altitude of 3166 meters. In fact, Ailao Mountain is not conspicuous in Yunnan, where the mountains are dense.
Ailao Mountain is a national nature reserve, covering Chuxiong City, Shuangbai County and Nanhua County in Chuxiong Prefecture, Jingdong County and Zhenyuan County in Pu'er City, and Xinping County in Yuxi City.
The 4 people were supposed to get off the mountain on the afternoon of the 13th or the morning of the 14th, as planned, but they still did not go down the mountain after 2 days. At 19:28 on November 15, the Zhenyuan County Government of Pu'er City received a missing report. The last time the missing contact was on the afternoon of November 13.
Each of the four people who lost contact had an RTK device. According to common sense, they only need to press the device button, and rescuers can find the location of the 4 people based on the data transmitted by the satellite system. But it is understood that from 14 to 21 at 11 o'clock, they never turned on the RTK device.
It is understood that the terrain of the Ailao Mountains is complex and changeable, four geological surveyors have rained before entering the mountain, there is fog in the mountain, and the signal is always intermittent, making it difficult to identify the direction. In the process of search and rescue, search and rescue personnel also need to be vigilant against wild animal attacks, and even some search and rescue personnel said that they had heard the cries of bears.
After the incident, some people engaged in geological work said that if the communication signal is lost in the primary forest, even if it is turned on, the rear personnel will not receive the information.
The rangers stationed in Ailao Mountain all year round have also said that the terrain of Ailao Mountain is too complicated, the uphill and downhill slopes are always winding and winding, in the face of foggy weather, the road will become more difficult, "even veterans with wild survival ability, it is inevitable to encounter problems, even we are very cautious when we go up the mountain, basically from where to go down." If you don't have a good sense of direction in this area, you may not be able to see which is when you get to the open area, and it is easy to deviate from the direction. ”
The above-mentioned ranger also mentioned that after the Ailao Mountain became a national nature reserve, with the gradual standardization and improvement of management, permission to enter the protected area was required, "tourists are not allowed to enter, and professionals also need rangers to accompany them."
Yunnan Ailao Mountain, named after the ancient Ailao State, is the eastern boundary mountain of the ancient Ailao State. The State of Ailao was the first Dai regime recorded in history, and it was also an important carrier for the formation of the Dai people today. The meaning of "mourning prison" in the Dai language is "central", so "mourning prison country" is "central country".
The Ailao State is a typical tribal confederation state, in addition to the Ailao King, there are 77 kings who still hold certain powers and are not completely subordinate to the Ailao King. The core area of the Ailao King is the Baoshan Dam, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and has four seasons like spring, which is known as "Baoshan Climate Jia Tianxia".
The State of Ailao was founded in the mid-5th century BC, when it was known as the "Kingdom of Mengpao" or "Elephant Rider". In 69 AD, Liu Mao, the last king of the Ancient Ailao State, was annexed to the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, in order to commend liu mao's subordinates, Emperor Ming of Han personally gave him the "Seal of the King of Sorrows" and held a grand court celebration, known in history as "Sui Lai Prison, Kai Yongchang". At that time, the Han Ming Emperor was guided by the snobbery in the territory of the Ailao State, and established the unified jurisdiction of Yongchang County, and the county was administered as Lingtang County.
In 738, a branch of the Ailao State, the small state of Ailaoyi located in the upper reaches of the Lishe River, "Mengshe", rose again, and eventually established the Nanzhao State of Lingnan, which caused the powerful Tang army to break the sand and indirectly led to the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion during the Tang Xuanzong period.
It was not the Central Plains Dynasty that destroyed the State of Nanzhao, but the descendant of duan Jianwei (the ancestor of King Dali), a subordinate of the State of Nanzhao. After that, even with the change of power, the Central Plains Dynasty did not completely control the place, and the leaders here have always been the major local toastmasters, and can only practice bondage rule. Even though the Qing Dynasty completed the land reform and returned to the stream, it still retained some of the rights of toast. In the Republic of China period, Yunnan did not obey the leadership of the northern regime, and the patriotic movement also originated in Yunnan, and until liberation, the Nationalist government was unable to make Yunnan submit to itself.
The reason why it appeared before the founding of New China, successive Central Plains regimes have never been able to completely rule here, which is inseparable from the special local geomorphological environment. The place that best reflects the strange dangers of Ailao Mountain is undoubtedly the ancient Tea Horse Road. Deep in the depths of Ailao Mountain is a sea of forests, majestic and magnificent, and there are many cliffs on the mountainside. The heart of Ailao Mountain, that is, the famous Tea Horse Ancient Road Scenic Area, is still a no-man's land here. Since ancient times, Ailao Mountain has been known as "one husband and one pass, ten thousand people can not open", its dangerous terrain is famous in all directions, because of its special three-dimensional climate by the locals called: "a mountain is divided into four seasons, different days in the distance". This place used to be a place where toasts, merchants, and soldiers and bandits had to fight.
Before the founding of New China, more than 800 mules and horses and more than 1,000 merchants crossed the ancient road of Ailao Mountain to trade in Southeast Asia and South Asia every day. For merchants and horse gangs, the most dangerous part of this ancient road is undoubtedly to cross the primeval forest of Ailao Mountain and cross the Red River. The long line of merchants and horse gangs is very spectacular, and various department stores such as Shu brocade, silk, tobacco and small handmade products are exported to Southeast Asia, South Asia and even Europe and the United States through their hands, and they also bring back foreign tobacco, salt, tea, wild animal fur and other materials.
Yunnan belongs to the mountainous plateau terrain, and the vast majority of the areas in the territory belong to the middle altitude mountainous area, and the mountainous area of more than 1,000 meters accounts for 87.21% of the total area of the province. The territory not only has a large number of steep alpine valleys, but also the turbulent Nu River, Lancang River and Jinsha River and other rivers are arranged interchangeably, which further aggravates the complexity of Yunnan's terrain. It is precisely because of this that the search and rescue process of the 11.13 Zhenyuan Ailao Mountain Incident was extremely slow.
As for the specific cause of the four deaths, it is still under investigation. However, according to the known clues, there are roughly the following possibilities: animal attack, loss of temperature, attack by miasma poisonous fog, and so on.
It is understood that large wild animals such as black bears have been infested in the incident area and have a certain degree of aggression. However, the possibility of animal attacks should be ruled out, after all, the four victims of this incident were all former soldiers, and they were almost never dispersed. From what is known so far, they should not have been attacked by animals.
Ailao Mountain is a national nature reserve, and the place where they are missing is its core area, with high forests and ravines, and the altitude is more than 1700 meters. Coupled with the sudden heavy rain on the day of the mountain, it is very likely that this event is caused by the inability to take the necessary measures to keep warm after the rainfall, resulting in excessive heat loss of the human body.
Hypothermia, also known as hypothermia, is a physiological phenomenon, the human body heat loss is greater than the heat supply, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the core area of the human body, and produces symptoms such as shivering, cardiopulmonary failure, and even eventually causes death. Temperature, humidity, and wind are the most common direct causes of temperature loss. Problems can arise if only two of the three elements are in the situation. Loss of temperature and frostbite is one of the most common dangers of winter outdoor activities.
Temperature loss is not only in cold climates, and generally when the human body temperature is below 20 ° C, the temperature loss begins to threaten life. Judging from previous accident reports, at single-digit temperatures, hypothermia is most likely to trigger. At this time, the first reaction to the human body is to lose consciousness of the hands and feet, if you continue without activity, you will begin to lose consciousness, hallucinate, and thus make some extreme behaviors that you normally do not do, such as undressing, rain and so on.
The most serious accident caused by the loss of temperature is undoubtedly the Gansu Silver Marathon incident. Among the 172 participants, 21 people were killed, and there were many masters among the silver super horse victims, and some even the leaders of the super horse (ultra marathon) circle.
According to statistics, most of the people who lose temperature are from low altitude areas and have no concept of plateaus. The plateau climate, especially the ridges, is very varied, and it can be windy and rainy or even snowy at any time.
So how to prevent temperature loss. First of all, we must pay attention to the choice of underwear, followed by the increase or decrease of clothing, in addition to strengthening their own warm protection, and the most critical to avoid temperature loss is to supplement physical fitness in time.
In addition to wild beasts invading and de-temperature loss, the third possibility is gas poisoning, which is more likely to be hypoxia in the high-altitude no-man's land in the Ailao Mountains. This area is almost a primeval forest, because the four victims did not carry excess food before entering the mountain, and because they were missing for many days, this means that they were forced to survive in the wilderness, and the local special geomorphological environment, resulting in a lot of rotting substances close to the ground, if it is artificially walking on it or lifting leaves, it is likely to lead to the spread of some toxic gases, coupled with poor airflow in the mountains, not dispersed all year round.
When people are tired, their consciousness is already blurred, and if they are chronically hypoxic, they fall into a coma, which will threaten their lives.
The southern miasma that made the ancients smell discolored is literally understood to be a disease-causing poisonous gas produced by the decay of animals and plants in the humid and hot mountain forests of southern China, and the actual miasma is not only a toxic gas, but also a variety of tropical and subtropical epidemic diseases.
However, due to wars and other reasons, the population of the Central Plains moved south in large quantities. At the same time that the Lingnan region was being developed on a large scale, the ancestors who migrated here also realized that the main cause of death was disease and learned to prescribe the right medicine. With the long-term life and reproduction of the ancestors in the south, gradually adapted to the climate of the south, and later the improvement of medical standards, the impact of the miasma problem on human beings has been minimal.
However, there may be some unexpected situations, after all, the area around Ailao Mountain is similar to no man's land. While we mourn the victims, we should also learn from them to avoid the recurrence of similar incidents.
In fact, the best wilderness survival technique is to go out into the wild as much as possible! If you have to go, you should also gather as many people as possible, and you must be accompanied by professionals, the more the better, in addition to the local guide who is familiar with the local situation is also indispensable.
As for the real situation that caused the disappearance of the 11.13 Zhenyuan Lailao Mountain incident, it is still under investigation, and we advise everyone not to make false remarks without authorization.
In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere condolences and our deep condolences to the families of the victims. May the dead rest in peace!