【Content Summary】Gansu Zhuanglang horizontal terraces, from the construction of slope fields in 1952 to 2004, up to 52 years, invested countless laborers, if measured by 1 meter height wall, equivalent to six and a half circles around the earth, built nearly 1 million acres of horizontal terraces. In addition to the spirit of the people of Zhuanglang in Gansu Province of self-reliance, arduous struggle, advocating science, transforming mountains and rivers, and the style of seeking truth from facts, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and really doing solid work, it contains the great Mao Zedong Thought as a guide. The period studied in this paper is from 1949 to 1976. There are many articles or works that lack the study of the guiding ideology of the construction of horizontal terraces in Zhuanglang, Gansu, and this article tries to do so.
Mao Zedong Thought is a long-term practice of revolution and construction, with Mao Zedong as the main representative of the Chinese Communists, who have worked hard to promote the sinification of Marxism and formed a scientific guiding ideology with distinct Chinese characteristics. It is a summary of the correct theoretical principles and experiences of China's revolution and construction, the crystallization of the collective wisdom of all Chinese communists with Mao Zedong as the main representative, a guide to action to guide China's revolution and construction, and the first major theoretical achievement in the sinification of Marxism. The main contents of Mao Zedong Thought include the theory of new-democratic revolution, the theory of socialist revolution and construction, the theory of revolutionary army building and military strategy, the theory of politics and tactics, the theory of ideological and political work and cultural work, the theory of party building, the theory of international strategy and diplomacy, and so on. Guided the construction and completion of the horizontal terraces in Zhuanglang, Gansu.
The living soul of Mao Zedong Thought is independence, seeking truth from facts, and the mass line. Independence and self-determination means not being invaded and constrained by anyone, especially imperialism, making up one's own mind, and doing a good job in one's own country and region; seeking truth from facts means proceeding from reality in everything, linking theory with reality, and testing and developing truth in practice. Facts are objectively existing things, seeking is the meaning of exploration and research, and is regularity. Seeking truth from facts in the Mao Zedong period focused on seeking truth from facts in investigation and study; the mass line was to do everything for the masses, to rely on the masses in everything, to come from the masses, and to go to the masses. In addition to taking Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as the guiding ideology for building the horizontal terraces in Zhuanglang, Gansu Province, who else can they rely on? Have foreign countries supported you? The state finances are quite difficult, and even a penny cannot be taken out, so have other provinces, cities, counties, and townships supported it? No. Who gave the advice? No. It may have borrowed from history, such as the situation in the Tang Dynasty, and only by relying on the hands of the people of Zhuanglang, the existing material conditions and spirit, and relying on the spiritual, decision-making, planning, and technical encouragement and support of the party organizations of Zhuanglang, of course, there is no other interference or restriction except for the influence of the anti-Rightist enlargement, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. What is zhuanglang actually about the land? There are quite a lot of mountains, and there are very few rivers; the steep slopes of the mountains account for almost 98%, and the flat land is minimal; whether it is mountainous or sichuan, it is basically dryland, and there is almost no watering land. The low yield of grain and oil in the mountains has seriously affected the lives of farmers, and it is one of the 18 drought and poverty-stricken counties in Gansu. The reality of the level of productive forces is: At the beginning of liberation, 90 percent of the people were illiterate and semi-illiterate, science and technology were almost zero, there was no mechanized modernization, the roads were muddy and narrow, the means of production were very simple, the land as the object of labor was very poor, the population was large, and the per capita land was small, and later some aspects improved; the vast number of cadres in Zhuanglang proceeded from Zhuanglang's reality, took the initiative to actively investigate and study, made brave policy decisions and long-term plans, mobilized and organized the broad masses of the people, commanded and supervised everyone to make land on a large scale, and made plans. Set tasks and grasp implementation; Hundreds of thousands of Zhuang Lang's sons and daughters also proceeded from their own reality, relying on a spirit, a burst of enthusiasm, a spirit of desperation, and their own wisdom and wisdom, using their own physical strength and the tools of their family's labor, seeking truth from facts, seeking truth from facts, and being down-to-earth, day by day. Zhuang Lang's party members and cadres often eat at the construction site, organize planning at the construction site, grasp the implementation at the construction site, share weal and woe with the common people, share hardships and hardships, keep abreast of the progress of project construction, existing problems, and difficulties, sum up the lessons and lessons learned by the masses of the people, and form them into guiding documents to further guide the actions of the masses of the people. The vivid and repeated practice of the masses of the people, in turn, prompted the party and government cadres of Zhuanglang to constantly revise the policy decisions, plans, plans, and action plans they formulated so that they conformed to the wishes and requirements of the masses of the people.
Mao Zedong's theory of new democracy and socialist revolution held that policies and tactics are the life of the party; the united front, armed struggle, and party building are the three magic weapons for the victory of the new-democratic revolution; we must analyze clearly the class situation in the countryside and clearly understand who is our enemy. Who are our friends? It is necessary to clarify the nature, targets, tasks, leading forces, motive forces, and future of the revolution; in the course of building horizontal terraces from 1952 to 1976, the people of Zhuanglang strictly abided by the party's various lines, principles, and policies, and abided by discipline and the law; the Zhuanglang County PARTY Committee and County Government Commune also formulated many specific regulations, and the People of Zhuanglang also conscientiously implemented them; these are all very important, involving the social order and stability of Zhuanglang, the practical interests of thousands of households, and the question of whether the horizontal terraces can be built or not. For example, in the early days of liberation, Zhuanglang's policy of dividing rural elements, the policy of opposing rightists, the policy of land, the policy of "four cleanses," and the policy of "three antis and five antis, such as resolutely relying on poor peasants and hiring peasants in the rural areas, uniting with middle peasants, winning over rich peasants, encouraging and cracking down on landlords and bad elements, and so on, must be strictly implemented and drawn a clear line in a truth-seeking manner; otherwise, many people's political careers and vital interests will be harmed. Without policies, there is no difference, and it is impossible to analyze the specific situation and treat specific people. Strategy is the flexible diversity of methods and means, strategies and strategies. For example, in the early period of liberation, on the one hand, we must adopt a reasonable, beneficial, and restrained struggle against the prosperity of the rural areas, and on the other hand, we must demand that they carry out socialist transformation, participate in agricultural production labor, participate in farmland and water conservancy construction, and ideologically and earnestly transform them into socialist self-reliant laborers, so that they can support the party, the socialist system, and the dictatorship of the proletariat with satisfaction and sincerity. The great victory of the Chinese revolution is inseparable from the united front. The united front is to achieve a certain goal, unite all people and forces that can be united, and the united front has always run through all units, all trades, and all periods of work, which is a major political feature of the Communist Party of China. In the process of building the horizontal terraces in the early stage of liberation, Zhuang Lang was faced with very arduous tasks and a relatively complicated social structure; the construction of Zhuang Lang's horizontal terraces mainly relied on the poor and lower-middle peasants and mainly relied on party members and cadres, but it was also necessary to unite with various democratic parties and non-party personages. In the early period of liberation, Zhuang Lang, like the whole country, was on the one hand carrying out the period of national economic recovery, the "three major transformations," socialist construction, and the "three major transformations," and one of the tasks was to clearly demarcate the class composition of the rural areas; some people were divided into landlords and rich peasants, some were divided into middle peasants and poor and lower middle peasants, landlords and rich peasants were our enemies and the targets of criticism and struggle, and the poor and lower middle peasants, various democratic parties, and non-party personages were our friends. This article understands that the construction of Zhuanglang horizontal terraces can be regarded as a revolution, a revolution in the poor mountains and bad waters, steep slopes, and harsh natural environment before the liberation of Zhuanglang. The nature of the revolution is the actual county situation of Zhuanglang, the object of the revolution is the poor mountains and bad waters, the steep slopes, and the harsh natural environment, and the task of the revolution is to replace the poor mountains and bad waters, the steep slopes, and the harsh natural environment, and turn them into a new Zhuanglang that is convenient for farming, convenient for the use of mechanized tools, has a beautiful appearance, has a good ecological environment, and has an increase in grain and oil production. The leading force is Zhuang Lang's party members and cadres, and organizationally speaking, they are the county party committees and county governments at all levels, the party committees and governments of communes, the brigade branches, and the production teams. The driving force is the working class, and in Zhuanglang it mainly refers to party members and cadres, poor and lower-middle peasants and intellectuals. The future is to build a new socialist village with beautiful mountains and rivers and smooth fields.