- "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty"
- (Northern Song) Zhang Zeduan
--Pastel genre paintings on silk
-528.7cm*24.8cm
- Current collection: The Palace Museum, Beijing
- The economy and culture of the Song Dynasty were rapidly restored and developed. Including commerce, handicrafts, etc., this also promotes the growth of the citizen class, leading to the diversification of the needs of the citizen economy, giving the peasants a reduction in servitude, giving special income, persuading the peasants to teach, and also providing material conditions and consumer groups for the development and prosperity of painting, free trade, no curfew, brothel culture developed, and the citizen class can run out and play all night. Folk life is very rich, and a large number of genre painters have emerged, the most famous painter is Zhang Zeduan.
Through the three sections of the countryside, the Bihe River and the street market, the scene of the street market on both sides of the Bieliang River, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, is shown. The most wonderful thing is that the boat crossed the Hongqiao section, and it is worth seeing it once in my lifetime.
The spice shop was the favorite of the rich scholar at that time, and agarwood was the first spice at that time, which was a proper luxury at that time.
Foot shop is a rest shop, can also be said to be an inn, each light box style is slightly different, the outside is covered with white paper, write the name of the shop, light candles at night, attract guests. The foot shop where ordinary people rest their feet, the inn is the main store, similar to the current five-star hotel. It can be seen that the nightlife of the Song Dynasty was already very rich at that time.
Fortune teller stalls, still queuing behind, the appearance of the door is like a city, the three banners are written on the divine lessons, looking at fate, feeling suspicious, the fortune teller sits in the middle, the old god is in the middle, next to the white-clad man lying on his stomach as if asking something, the fortune teller gave him a calculation of what kind of gua.
The character in the picture is a hotel guy, holding a bowl in one hand and chopsticks in the other, ready to deliver food, and it turns out that in the Song Dynasty, there was already a takeaway brother.
Zhang Zeduan read the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism since he was a child, and saw some crises through the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, in fact, at that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was facing a situation of internal and external troubles, and the ruler at that time was Emperor Huizong of Song, who chose to settle in a corner of Jiangnan and concentrate on art. Zhang Zeduan also germinated an idea of exposing social ills by taking the opportunity of painting "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty", choosing to use the curved way to warn Song Huizong and make him pay attention to social crises and national hidden dangers. "Qingming On the River" depicts what seems to be the prosperity of the Qingming Dynasty, but in fact it hides a crisis.
On the right side of the picture is the official family riding a horse who has returned from the spring, a horse has been frightened and ran to the road, three people are chasing after it, and a grandmother is quickly pulling her grandson, afraid of being hurt by the horse, this scene is the official horse is frightened, endangering the people, the picture has an unstable atmosphere from the beginning.
Wanghuolou on the market, Beijing was the largest city at that time, the population of millions, the scale is very large, the main houses are mainly brick and wood, the historical record in the Song Dynasty experienced more than 40 large fires, countless casualties, so the Northern Song Dynasty set up a fire tower in the residential area, in order to find and eliminate the fire in time, downstairs set up a lot of submarine fire, once found to be on fire to extinguish the fire. In the picture, there is no one on the fire floor, and the submerged fire soldiers downstairs are gone, and they have become taverns and eating shops, showing the situation that the fire is useless.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, it was the Liao-Jin dynasty, and the spies often ran to Fenjing to spy on military intelligence, but in the picture, the city tower did not have any defense, there was no defense fortification on the wall, the camel team at the city gate came and went at will, and the side also became a shop, and the whole of Bie Kyoto was an undefended city, and it was completely immersed in the atmosphere of small commodities.
The Beihe River, the most important commercial route in the country during the Northern Song Dynasty, across the Beihe River is a very large bridge, the whole bridge does not have a single pillar, all are interwoven with wood, like a rainbow, called Hongqiao. Under the bridge, a ship was about to pass through the Rainbow Bridge, but it was too late to lower the mast, it seemed to be about to crash, everyone was busy, and the boatman was anxiously lowering the mast. If it is a well-managed city, it is unlikely to wait for the ship to crash before remedying it
On the bridge, as a transportation hub in Beijing, Hongqiao is not wide, narrow is not narrow, the occupation of the road on both sides of the bridge is very serious, hawkers occupy the street, and the middle of the bridge is blocked. During the Northern Song Dynasty, civilian officials sat on palanquins and military attaches rode horses. Civilian officials and military attachés did not give in to each other, quarreled, and even the superficial harmony was unwilling to be maintained, and interpersonal relations were bad. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the weight of literature was light and the status of civilian officials was relatively high, but the position of military attaches in the picture seemed to be improved, and they looked like they were on top, showing that they were about to fight, so they had to reuse military attaches.
It is said that the "Qingming Upper River Map" took ten years to complete, the earliest collected by the Northern Song Court, after the Jing Kang Disaster into the folk, after going through the toss, and then for the Southern Song Dynasty Jia XiangDao income, the Yuan Dynasty period was again into the palace, to the Zheng year was dropped, exiled to the people, and later fell into the hands of the prime minister Yan Song, Yan Shifan father and son, Yan Song fell, the map was confiscated, the third time into the palace court. After the collection of the Ming Dynasty royal family, the eunuch Feng Bao stole it and added an inscription to the painting, and then the real book did not know where to go.
Two hundred years later, it was collected by Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang in the Qing Dynasty, and after Bi Yuan's death, the "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" entered the palace for the fourth time and was hidden deep in the Forbidden City. In 1925 (also known as 1911), Puyi took the painting out of the Forbidden City and later lived in the Changchun area of northeast China. In 1945, it was included in the Northeast Museum (Liaoning Provincial Museum), and is now in the Palace Museum.