When this article tells the history of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the number of regimes chosen is more than sixteen, but due to the lack of deeds, some regimes will not be included. In the ranking, the regimes that are not included in the Sixteen Kingdoms are preferred, and the remaining regimes are in chronological order. Well, without further ado, start on the real guys.
Sixteen foreign countries
Huan Chu
Huan Xuan
Huan Xuan claimed that the emperor was originally the best time to eliminate the vast land occupied by Yin Zhongkan and Yang Qi, and later eliminated the father and son of Sima Daozi, who controlled the government, and seized the power of the dynasty, at this time it was indeed a good time to usurp the throne, and it was he who held the emperor of the Jin Dynasty in his hands
The best hole card, but he never played this hole card. A good card was played and finally defeated by Liu Yu easily.
When Huan Xuan went west to Jiangling because of Liu Yu's crusade, he wrote a "Notes on Living" on the road, which was all about his resistance to Liu Yu's army, claiming that he commanded the various armies and had no exhaustive strategy, and only because the generals violated their moderations, they were defeated, which was a crime of non-war. Because Huan Xuan concentrated on writing the "Notes on Living", he did not have leisure time and group to discuss countermeasures. After writing it, Huan Xuan declared the "Notes on Living" far and near.
Huan Xuan was the only emperor of the Huan Chu regime, and after his death, he was honored by Huan Qian as Emperor Wu mourning.
Zhai Wei
Zhai Zhao
Zhai Zhao was the son of Zhai Liao. Zhai Wei was a regime established by Ding Zero, and Zhai Liao did not have a good foundation at the beginning, and was attacked by Later Yan and eastern Jin, but did not know which side to repair.
In February of the second year of Dingding (392), Zhai Zhao sent his general Zhai Du to invade Later Yan's Guantao (present-day Guantao County, Hebei), at Su Kanglei. In March, the Later Yan emperor Murong Chui personally invaded Zhai Wei and first forced Su Kanglei to make Zhai capital run south to Shuitai (滑台, in modern Hua County, Henan). Zhai Zhao had asked Western Yan for help, but Western Yan refused. By June, Murong Chui was preparing to cross the Yellow River south at Liyang (present-day Li County, Henan), and Zhai Zhao was fighting on the south bank of the Yellow River. Murong Chui then moved to Xijin and made more than a hundred cowhide boats forty miles west of Liyang, as if to follow the water there. Zhai Zhao then led his troops to Xijin, and Murong Chui took the opportunity to order Murong Zhen to cross the river at night, and overnight he built a military camp in Henan. Zhai Zhao immediately returned to attack, but Murong Zhen refused to fight, and Zhai Zhao's army was tired and failed to capture. Zhai Zhao then wanted to leave, but Murong Zhen led his troops to battle at this time, and murong Nong, who had crossed the river in Xijin, attacked Zhai Zhao, and finally defeated Zhai Zhao's army. Zhai Zhao was defeated and returned to The Slide, and crossed the Yellow River north with his wife and children and the rest of his men, and held a dangerous position at Bailu Mountain. The Yan army was thus unable to attack and was forced to retreat, but left the cavalry to wait for him to descend the mountain. Soon, Zhai Zhao descended the mountain, and was attacked by the Yan army's return army, capturing his men as much as possible, and Zhai Zhao fled to Western Yan. He was appointed as the Grand General of cheqi, Yanzhou Mu, and the king of Fengdong County. Zhai Wei has since perished.
This end would have been good, but the next year he did not know the rebellion of life and death, so he was executed.
Vendetta pool
Yang is difficult to do
Qiu Chi Guo is like a player in the game, the early stage has been hanging up, to Yang Nandang period, had to attack Sichuan, was defeated by Liu Song, resulting in Qiu Chi becoming a vassal state of Liu Song, Yang Nandang himself fled to Northern Wei, and his nephew Yang Baozi was attacked by Northern Wei.
Ran Wei
Ran Min
Ran Min's character itself has problems, and he is often whitewashed on the Internet, but it does not show that he is not a family slave with three surnames, and the whitewashing starting from the motive can never change the fact that he once recognized a lot of fathers. Ran Min not only had problems with his character, but also issued a slaughter order after usurping Hou Zhao, not only committing genocidal crimes against humanity against the Qi people, but also killing many Han Chinese by mistake, and then because of his improper command, he established his own country and destroyed the country, which can be described as garbage to the extreme.
Western Swallow
Murong Chong
Murong Chong was cruel and hated by the people. He has failed many battles and is a character. In the eleventh year of Taiyuan (386), Murong Chong coveted comfort, and was more willing to be in Chang'an, fearing the strength of the Later Yan lord Murong Chui, and frightened that he did not dare to return to the east, he advised the peasants to build a room and plan for a long-term settlement. Seeing that Murong Chong was so unenterprising, the Xianbei people all resented him. The left general Han Yan complied with the dissatisfaction of the people, led the Xianbei people to attack Murong Chong, and beheaded Murong Chong, and the general Duan who supported Murong Chong was followed by the King of Western Yan and changed his era name to Changping.
The Han Xiongnu
Liu He
After Liu Yuan's death, Liu He sent troops to attack the Four Kings, and Liu Cong, the head of the Four Kings, should have been the object that should be eradicated the most, but Liu He was afraid of Liu Cong and did not dare to attack, resulting in Liu Cong's first attack.
Liu Cong
Needless to say, this man was not only cruel, but also often did things that were not in tune, such as leaving the army to ask for the blessing of the gods, and the army was defeated without a commander. Liu Cong alienated himself from the government and indulged in eroticism. The act of killing loyalists, favoring eunuchs and Jin Zhun and others led to increasing chaos in the country.
Liu Cang
Liu Cang continued his father's line of pro-villain, yuanxianchen, and close to Jin Zhun, and was eventually killed by Jin Zhun. Liu Cang was rarely handsome, but when he became a minister, he was arrogant and arrogant, far away from the wise and close to the beggars, and was disliked by the people of the country. In the fourth year of Jianxing, Hanzhong Chang shot Guo Yi and the Central Protector Jin Zhun to talk about Liu Yue, causing him to depose his brother-in-law Liu Yi. In the first year of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Jianwu (317), Liu Yue falsely accused his brother-in-law Liu Yi of plotting rebellion, and the Han lord Liu Congxinzhi. In April, Liu Yi was deposed as the King of beihai. Cantonese also makes people kill. In the same year, he was made crown prince. In December, he persuaded Liu Cong to kill Emperor Huan of Jin.
In the first year of the Reign of Emperor Taixing of jin (318), the Han lord Liu Cong, Liu Cang, took the throne, honored The Empress Dowager of Jin, Emperor Zhaowu of The Emperor Liu Cong, and the temple number of Emperor Liezong. Empress Dowager Jin and empress Dowager Liu Cong were less than twenty years old, and "Many acts of courtesy and no return to mourning" were not repeated. In the same year, The Great Sikong Jin Zhun wanted to rebel and persuaded Liu Cang to kill Dazai Liu Jing and other auxiliary ministers. In August, Liu Cang made Jin Zhun a great general, recorded Shang Shushi, Liu Yue traveled to the harem, and the affairs of the military state were all decided by Jin Zhun. Jin Zhun plotted a rebellion, and the soldiers ascended to the Pole Hall, executed Liu Cang, counted his crimes and killed him.
Dacheng
Lee period
Li Qi entrusted state affairs to a few mediocre people, and spent his days and nights drinking, and as a result, the country's strength declined day by day. Li Qi, who was proclaimed empress dowager, only reused Shang Shu Ling Jing Qian, Shang Shu Yao Hua, and Tian Chu. Suspicion of Li Shou led to the fall of the country.
Li Shou
Li Shou killed Li Qi and established himself, changing the name of the country to Han. Poor and extravagant, more murderous, Cheng Han is declining under his rule. Li Hong and Wang Gao returned from Yecheng and praised Hou Zhao Shihu for his mighty and powerful, magnificent palace, and rich people in Yidi. Li Shou also learned that Shi Hu was abusing the criminal law in a rage, and Wang Xun also controlled his subordinates by killing and punishing them, and they could control the state he ruled, and Li Shou admired it in his heart, so his subordinates had a small mistake and killed them to establish their prestige. And because the population in the countryside is not large, there is nothing in the city, craftsman equipment, and lack of all aspects, so there are more than three strong families in the nearby counties to enrich Chengdu, establish the Shangfang Imperial Palace, transfer skilled craftsmen from various states and counties to there, build palaces on a large scale, divert water into the city, and blindly pursue luxury. He also expanded the Taixue and built the Temple of Rumors. The people were driven to serve and exhausted, and cries and sighs could be heard everywhere, and nine out of ten people wanted to rebel. His left servant Cai Xing vigorously tried to dissuade him, but Li Shou considered it a slander and killed him. The right servant Li Ling repeatedly refuted his will with blunt words, and Li Shou was dissatisfied many times, pretending to be accused of other crimes, and put him in prison and killed.
Cool before
Zhang Zuo
In 353, Zhang Zuo took advantage of Zhang Chonghua's illness and death, and the reigning Zhang Yaoling launched a coup d'état when he was young, and Zhang Zuo proclaimed himself the Duke of Liang, and then called himself the King of Liang, adding temple names and nicknames to all the monarchs below Zhang Rail. However, Zhang Zuo was jealous of Zhang Ou, a clan member with heavy troops, so he sent troops to attack and kill him, and Zhang Ou also led his troops to fight back, and Zhang Zuo was defeated and killed.
Hou Zhao
Shi Hu
Shi Hu's crown prince Shi Hao wanted to rebel and was crucified in a coffin by Shi Hu. The new crown prince Shi Xuan killed his brother Shi Tao, and Shi Hu sent people to capture Shi Xuan, imprison him in the warehouse, cruelly pierced Shi Xuan's chin with an iron ring to lock him up, and also brought the sword he used to kill Shi Tao and let him lick the blood stains on it. Shi Xuan was in pain, and the sound of wailing shook the entire palace. Later, he tortured and killed his own son Shi Xuan with bloody means that could not pass the trial.
Pre-swallow
Murong Wei
Former Qin grew stronger, but neither Murong Wei nor Murong Jue, who was an assistant to the government, felt that Former Qin was a threat. In the fourth year of Taihe (369), Murong Wei sent Liang Chen and Jian Jian to make peace, and Liang Chen returned and said that Former Qin could not be good for a long time, and it was likely to annex us, but Murong Wei ignored it and eventually destroyed the country.
Former Qin
Amaranth
He drank and was violent and wantonly killed people. It is said that when Jian Jian was killed in the palace gate, Zhi Sheng was still drunk, asked who was coming, replied that it was a thief, and he actually asked why the thief did not come up to see me.
Hou Yan
Murong Bao
Murong Bao was indecisive and alienated from virtue because of the harsh punishment. He also forced his stepmother to die and deposed the crown prince. Under the attack of the Northern Wei Dynasty, internal and external troubles intensified, and the country's strength became weaker and weaker. In the third year of Yongkang (398), Murong Chui's uncle Shangshulan Khan welcomed Murong Bao into Longcheng. Murong Bao did not doubt it, and was murdered by Lan Khan after entering the city.
Murong Xi
Murong Xi's administration was tyrannical, and Feng Bao, along with his cousin Feng Wanni and twenty-two others, made Murong Bao's adopted son Murong Yun the leader and sent more than 5,000 prisoners to close the city gates and refuse to defend them. Zhao Luosheng rushed to report to Murong Xi, who thought he was just a small group of thieves. So I straightened my hair, put on my armor, and galloped back to the disaster. Returning to Longcheng in the evening, he attacked the North Gate without being captured, fled into the Dragon Tengyuan, hid in the woods in civilian clothes, and was caught, Murong Yun got Murong Xi to kill him, and buried Murong Xi and his sons in the north of the city. Murong Xi was only twenty-three years old and reigned for seven years. Murong Yun buried Murong Xi in the tomb of Emperor Xuanying, with the courtesy name Emperor Zhaowen.
Later Qin
Yao Chang
Yao Cang was the founding emperor of Later Qin, and after he betrayed Jian Jian and killed Jian Jian, he fought with Former Qin many times, but because Former Qin moved out of Jian Jian's tablet, he did not dare to attack, and he fainted to the extreme.
Western Qin
Begging for twilight
During his reign, he tortured and killed indiscriminately, so people rebelled. In the third year of Yonghong (430), the territory of Western Qin did not rain heavily for nine consecutive months, resulting in the loss of grain and grass harvest. In the same year, due to the compulsion of Northern Liang, Twilight planned to return to Northern Wei. The Northern Wei emperor Tuoba Tao promised to divide the cities of Anding and Pingliang to Western Qin after the destruction of the Xia kingdom. When the late Twilight marched to Pingcheng, the capital of Northern Wei, the army was blocked by the Xia Kingdom. The Western Qin army was very weak at this time, and Twilight decided not to start a war with the Xia Kingdom, so it had to return to Western Qin's homeland. However, the former land of Western Qin was already occupied by Tuguhun, and only Nan'an City and the surrounding areas remained in Western Qin. In the fourth year of Yonghong (431), the Xia kingdom attacked the Western Qin capital Nan'an, and at the end of the twilight, Western Qin fell. Soon, Twilight was killed by Emperor Helian Ding of the Xia Kingdom.
Cool after
Lu Lu
Lü Lu ignored Zhongshu's order Yang Ying to oppose a resolute attack on Nanliang, but was defeated by Nanliang's bald-haired tan. Lü Lu soon attacked Northern Liang without listening to Jiang Ji's advice, besieging Zhangye (張掖, in modern Zhangye, Gansu) and attacking Jiankang Commandery, but the bald Man attacked Guzang as Jiang Ji had said, and Lü Lu was forced to retreat. During his reign, Lü Lu indulged in wine and often went hunting, and all the ministers dissuaded him, but Lü Lu could not obey.
In the third year of Xianning (401), Lü Lu summoned Lü Chao and Si Pan to the court because of Fan He's taishou Lü Chao's attack on Xianbei Sipan, and Lü Chao, out of fear, made friends with Du Shang, the overseer of the palace. Lü Lu angrily reprimanded Lü Chao, and even declared that "I want to be a beheading secretary, and then the world can be determined", which frightened Lü Chao into kowtowing and saying that he did not dare. However, Lü Lu and his ministers later had a banquet, and Lü Chao's brother Lü Long frequently advised Lü Lun to drink wine to drunk him. Lü Lu drank until he was drunk, so he took a walking cart with Lü Chao and others to wander around the palace, and when he reached the East Pavilion of kunhua Hall, he could not pass by the car, and Lü Lu personally put Dou Chuan and Luo Teng down the cart with his sword. Lü Chao took this opportunity to pick up the two men's swords and attack Lü Lu, who tried to get out of the car and grab Lü Chao but was stabbed in the chest by the other side; Lü Chao killed Dou Chuan and Luo Teng. Empress Dowager Lü ordered the forbidden army to attack Lü Chao, but Duchamp ordered the forbidden army to lay down its weapons. The general Wei Yiduo then beheaded Lü Lu and declared: "Lü Lu violated the will of the former emperor, killed the prince, indulged in drinking and hunting, got close to villains, easily killed Zhongliang, and regarded the people as grass and mustard. Fan He was too protective of Lü Chao's flesh and blood relatives, fearing the overthrow of the country, and had already removed him. The upper can be peaceful in the temple, and the lower can avenge the prince. But all nations should rejoice. ”
Southern cool
Baldness
In the third year of Jianhe (402), Lilu was a lone soldier, and his brother Li Tan succeeded to the throne, returned to Ledu, and changed his name to Liang Wang. At one time, he surrendered to Later Qin, Zhengu Zang (present-day Wuwei, Gansu), and later became both powerful and broke with Later Qin. After years of using troops, first defeated by The Northern Liang Depression Canal Mengxun, and then defeated by the Xia kingdom of Helian Bobo, the famous minister Yong would lose 67 out of 10, so he had to move back to Ledu.
In the seventh year of Southern Liang Jiaping (414), Li Tan led an army to attack the Qinghai Yifu Department, and Western Qin Qifu Took advantage of the false attack to take Ledu. Li Tan descended to Western Qin, and Southern Liang died. Baldness and arrogance caused the decline of the country,All because of improper command and lack of strategy.
Northern cool
Duanye
Duan Ye was elected as the leader by Lu Shui Hu Frustrated Canal Mengxun and Frustrated Canal Male Cheng, who originally had no capital at all, and even then he would die, fearing that Frustrated Canal Mengxun would be feared.
Duan Ye was originally just a Confucian with moral standing, and would be pushed to the throne by chance, but in fact, he did not have the power to restrain his subordinates, and only trusted in divination and witchcraft. All along, Duan Ye was quite jealous of The Courage of The Depression Canal Mengxun, and initially let the Frustrated Canal Mengxun be transferred from Shangshu Zuocheng to Linchi Commandery as Taishou, hoping to alienate him. Duan Ye was also close to and trusted Ma Quan, a servant under his disciples, and replaced Meng Xun with the position of Zhangye Taishou, but Meng Xun resented Ma Quan for often insulting himself, so he slandered Ma Quan to Duan Ye, and Duan Ye killed Ma Quan. Duan Ye sent Suo Si to succeed Li Hui as the Taishou of Dunhuang because of Suo Si's suggestion that Li Yu could not stay in Dunhuang and allow him to develop his power, but Li Yu defeated Suo Si and asked Duan Ye to kill Suo Si, and Duan Ye killed Suo Si at the advice of Frustrated Qu Nancheng. At this time, Meng Xun had the intention of getting rid of Duan Ye, so he and Nan Cheng said that since Ma Quan and Suo Si were dead, they should kill Duan Ye and become the lord of the male instead, but The male Cheng refused. Meng Xun became more and more uneasy because Duan Ye was jealous of himself, so he asked himself to be the Taishou of Xi'an, and Duan Ye was also afraid that Meng Xun would soon rebel and agreed to his request.
In November 400 (the second year of Tianxi), Jiuquan Taishou Wang De betrayed Northern Liang and claimed to be the Assassin of Hezhou. Duan Ye sent Frustrated Qu Mengxun to lead troops to conquest. Wang De burned down Jiuquan City and led his troops to Li Xuan's family, Tang Yao. Frustrated, Monson chased after shatou, defeated them, and captured Wang De's wife, children, and tribesmen before returning.
In the third year of Tianxi (401), Mengxun of Depression Canal falsely accused Man Cheng of rebellion, and Duan Ye captured Man Cheng of Depression canal and ordered him to commit suicide, and before his death, He Cheng said to Duan Ye: "Meng Xun had already told his subjects that he was going to rebel, but the subject did not say it because of his brotherhood. Meng Xun thought that the subject was still there, afraid that the people would not obey him, so the minister sacrificed the mountain with him and sent people to falsely accuse the subject. If the subject died, Monson would surely have risen soon. By asking for leave to claim that the subject is dead and declaring the subject's crime, Monson will surely rebel, and the subject will immediately attack him, and he will succeed. However, Duan Ye did not listen. After The Death of Nan Cheng, Mengxun used this as an excuse to provoke the generals and led them to attack Duan Ye, and even Qiang Hu raised an army in response. When Duan Ye saw this, he asked Tian Ang and Liang Zhongyong to lead an army to attack Mengxun, and the general Wang Fengsun warned that there were rebels in the Xipingtian clan for generations, and Tian Ang's "appearance and fierceness, ambition and danger" were not credible; but Duan Ye thought that he could only rely on him to fight against Mengxun, but still did not listen. In the end, Tian Ang did surrender to Meng Xun, and Liang Zhongyong was forced to surrender. Then Tian Ang's nephew Tian Cheng'ai let Meng Xun enter the city when Meng Xun's soldiers approached Zhangye, and Duan Ye broke up left and right, and Duan Ye begged Meng Xun to spare his life and let him return to meet with his wife and children, but Meng Xun still killed him. Frustrated Qu Mengxun was subsequently promoted to the Duke of Zhangye and succeeded as the monarch of Northern Liang.
Southern Swallow
Murong Chao
As the king of the Southern Yan Dynasty, there is no ambiguity at all. On the fifth day of September 405 (November 17, 405) of the sixth year of Southern Yan Jianping, Murong De died, and in September 18, Murong Chao assumed the throne as emperor and changed his name to Yuan Taishang. After Murong Chao ascended the throne, he favored the fifth floor of the old gongsun, listened to his words, and killed the heroes, when he said, "If you want to get the Hou, do the fifth floor". He also likes to hunt, which makes the people miserable. His aunt and empress dowager Duan Jifei plotted to depose Murong Zhong, and murong Chao killed the relevant ministers and deposed Duan Jifei.
Cool west
Li Xin
Li Xin's punishment was too severe, and he liked to build palaces on a large scale, and in May 419 (the third year of Jiaxing), Zhang Xianshang, a zhonglang, advised: "The territory of Liangzhou has been divided into three, and it is bound to not maintain this situation for a long time." The root of military annexation lies in the development of farming; the method of the distant tribes in Huairou is to rule leniently and punish simply. Since the New Year this year, yin and yang have been out of order, wind and rain have been out of order, and it is time to reduce meals, remove musical instruments, and cultivate the Tao. Today, however, the punishment is heavy, the laws are severe, and the construction is carried out in a big way, and the construction is constantly carried out, so that the country cannot prosper. At that time, King Wen of Zhou only relied on more than a hundred miles of land to raise up the great cause of the emperor; although Qin II had the breadth of the four seas, it was destroyed. The lessons of the past, success and failure, are very obvious. Taizu (Li Huan) was favored by the people of Western Xia with his divine heroism, taking Jiuquan in the east and opening up the Way of the Western Regions in the west. His Highness could not inherit Taizu's legacy and unify the territory of Liangzhou, comparable to Zhang Rail, what face would he have to see the former king in the future! Frustrated Qu Mengxun was a generation of heroes among the Hu people, who cultivated internal politics and treated talents with courtesy to the outside world. In every war, he can be a soldier, and the people are deeply impressed by him and willing to accept his rule. I think that Not only can His Highness not level the Depression Canal Monson, but he is also afraid that the Depressed Canal Monson is plotting against our territory. Li Xin had seen the recital and was very unhappy.
The Lord's Bookkeeper also advised Li Xin that the Heavens regarded the Lord of Man as a son to love and protect, so the politics were not clear, and the Heavens would send disasters to warn the Lord. All the masters who can correct the people, although the country is in danger at present, will eventually prosper; the people who cannot be corrected will now rule and settle down, and in the end it will inevitably perish. He also cited the disasters and strange events that have occurred over the years, hoping that Li Xin would quickly stop building the palace, stop traveling and hunting for entertainment, invite and treat the talents and talents, love and recuperate the people with care, in order to answer the warnings of the heavens and prevent them from happening. Li Xin did not listen. He was eventually killed by Monson.
Hu Xia
Hellenboy
Helian is fierce by nature, loves to kill, and has no routine. He often stood at the head of the city, put his bow and sword beside him, and killed himself anyone who felt disgusted and hateful, and when the ministers looked at him face to face, they poked their blind eyes, and those who dared to laugh cut off their lips, and described those who entered the counsel as slander, cutting off their tongues first, and then killing them. The Hu and Han people are restless, and the people are not happy.
Northern Yan
High cloud
Gao Yun was a Goguryeo and murong bao's adopted son. After Feng Bao supported him, he cultivated a group of janissaries to protect himself, but was later killed by the janissaries and Tao Ren.
References: Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen Kingdoms, etc
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