Preface
In today's people's mouths, memes such as "the Qing Dynasty is dead" and "the remnants of the Manchu Qing Dynasty" have been widely spread. And the Qing Dynasty, as the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, has been scolded and ridiculed almost since the Republic of China, and it is still the same.
The reason for this phenomenon is nothing more than that the Qing Dynasty was a regime established by ethnic minorities and signed a series of unequal treaties.
It is understandable that the Qing Dynasty was scolded for some entertainment, but there was a dynasty and an emperor who, in the critical situation of the chaos of China, managed to free the Han nation from the risk of extinction, but it was still not recognized by some historians.
He is the founder of the Ran Wei regime - Ran Min. Regarding Ran Min, he is called a national hero by respecting him, and those who oppose him are scolded for being brave and resourceless, killing countless people, and causing chaos in the world, what is the real situation?
Five chaos in China, the nation is in danger
In China, whether it is a slave society or a feudal society, there is one threat that has always accompanied the Central Plains Dynasty that is difficult to get rid of, that is, the attacks of the northern ethnic minorities, or nomads.
They came from the grasslands and the vast desert outside the Saiwai, riding scimitars with iron and fierce folk customs, which brought a strong impact on the introverted and humble agricultural civilization again and again, and the most influential one was the "Five Hu Chaohua" in the Wei and Jin dynasties.
"Hu" is "Hu people", which is the collective name of the Han people for nomads and foreigners in a wider range in ancient times, so where did "Wuhu" come from?
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the northern countries all built the Great Wall on the border line, and after the Qin Dynasty unified the country, it not only directly connected them into a huge whole, but also sent the famous general Meng Tian to lead the elite troops to garrison, the main purpose was to prevent the Xiongnu from going south.
However, before the results were seen, the Qin Dynasty, which wanted to stand for thousands of years, collapsed in the wave of peasant uprisings, followed by years of war and turmoil and the struggle for hegemony between Chu and Han. Liu Bang successfully stood at the end and established the Western Han Dynasty.
At the beginning of the world, Liu Bang wanted to achieve more merits, so he planned to "break hands" with the Xiongnu Shan Yu by quelling the rebellion.
As a result, he didn't think about it, and he directly walked into the encirclement of others, known as the "Siege of Baideng" in history, and in the end, if it wasn't for Chen Ping's plan, the Son of Heaven of the Han Dynasty would have died.
However, after this battle, Liu Bang and several successors after him understood that he was not the opponent of the Xiongnu in a short period of time, and the Han-Hun peace came into being, which was actually "climbing a relative" and "breaking the fortune and eliminating the disaster".
Until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, the economy and agriculture developed rapidly, and the cultural and martial arts were promising, and the Xiongnu were beaten in one fell swoop.
Those who did not want to surrender fled further north and west, while those who were willing to surrender gradually got in touch with the interior and entered the south of the Great Wall to live.
However, as defeated generals who retained the barbaric atmosphere, the naturalized Hu people were often discriminated against and oppressed, and after passing through the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, they came to the Jin Dynasty, and their dissatisfaction had been suppressed for a long time.
After Sima Yan's death, the throne passed to his stupid son Sima Zhen, and the joke of "why not eat minced meat" was the protagonist of it, and it was because of this that the imperial power fell.
Empress Jia Nanfeng began to call for wind and rain in the court, and took a series of death operations, which directly led to the outbreak of the "Eight Kings Rebellion".
In 16 years, the Sima clan fought infighting for 16 years, the whole country was in frequent wars, the people were struggling to make a living, and no one could say that they had won the final victory. On the other hand, the Hu people in the north, they looked at the chaos in the Central Plains, and their hearts couldn't help but start to move.
The five main Hu tribes, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qian, Qiang, and Di, together with the rest of the various small tribes, successively rose from 304 A.D. to establish a large and small regime, also known as the "Five Hu Sixteen Kingdoms".
The change of power, coupled with the establishment of the Hu standard, caused the Han people in the north to suffer greatly, often facing plunder and massacre.
Among them, the most brutal of the Qiang tribe did not carry military rations when they marched and fought, but used the women they caught along the way as food, calling them "two-legged sheep".
Just when people were cornered, a man named Ran Min was born, who overthrew Later Zhao and proclaimed himself emperor, established the Ran Wei regime, and pulled the Han people back from the precipice of extinction.
The order to kill Hu was issued, and every call was answered
As the saying goes, "Where there is oppression, there is resistance." "The Hu people have been oppressed by the Central Plains Dynasty for a long time, and together they overthrew the Western Jin Dynasty.
But feng shui takes turns, because the civilization is not high, after the Hu people seized power, they did not work hard, did not manage carefully, but treated the Han people more severely, how can such governance last?
Shi Hu, the third emperor of Later Zhao, was the nephew of the founding emperor Shi Le, who was already in a high position, but he was not satisfied, and when the crown prince succeeded to the throne, he covered the sky with one hand and controlled the court.
In 334 A.D., Shi Hu proclaimed himself the king of heaven, and killed his uncle's family who promoted and supported him, and all his descendants were slaughtered by him, and the tyranny can be seen, and after he came to power, he also killed innocents indiscriminately, and was unscrupulous.
However, Shi Hu took great care of his adoptive grandson Ran Min, not only cultivating him carefully, but also often entrusting him with important tasks. Ran Min's father was named Ran Liang, who was captured in the battle, and Shi Hu adopted him as his adopted son, and Ran Min naturally became his adopted grandson.
Ran Min's family, the ancestors have served as the tooth keepers of the Han Dynasty for generations, and one of them is also the governor of the official residence, which can be regarded as the world's food Hanlu until the world is in turmoil.
Therefore, even if he became an adult, Ran Min followed Shi Hu to fight in the south and the north, and made many military exploits and had a high prestige, but in his heart, he may still retain the desire to revitalize the Han nation.
In 349 AD, Shi Hu died, the crown prince succeeded to the throne, and soon after was seized the throne by his brother Pengcheng King Shi Zun, because Ran Min contributed to his usurpation, Shi Zun promised Ran Min: "When you work harder, the crown prince's position is yours." ”
As a result, after a period of time, Shi Zun made Shi Yan the crown prince, which disappointed Ran Min, and then Shi Zun, under the advice of the minister, began to reduce Ran Min's military power, and even wanted to kill him.
Ran Min didn't want to sit still, so he simply decided to strike first. In 349 AD, he united with several generals to kill Shi Zun in Kunhua Palace, and since then he has mastered the abolition of Later Zhao.
For a time, the situation between the DPRK and China was chaotic, and different camps were deceitful and wanted to eliminate each other and seize the initiative.
Seeing that the Hu people were gradually losing trust in him, Ran Min immediately ordered: "Behead a Hu person, the civil official will be promoted to the third level, and the military attache will serve in the yamen." This was the "Killing Hu Order" that was widely spread later.
Under the actual reward, the Han people quickly united as one, and the city of Yecheng, the capital of Zhao, was immediately turned into a sea of corpses and blood, and after the battle, more than 200,000 people were killed and wounded.
Without doing anything, Ran Min executed all the Shi family, and in the same year he was proclaimed emperor and established "Wei", known as "Ran Wei" in history.
Violence is easy to kill, and it is difficult to be called a hero
In the north, where there are many swords, Ran Min can only continue to fight to gain a foothold, and he also asked the Eastern Jin Dynasty to fight together, but did not receive a response.
Finally, in 325 AD, the Later Yan led by the Murong clan defeated Ran Min, who was captured in the war and later died tragically at the hands of the sword in Longcheng (present-day Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province).
In order to alleviate the national contradictions, Qianyan also specially added a nickname to Ran Min - "King Wu Mourning".
Ran Min's actions are destined to bear the discussion of various points of view in later generations, some people think he is a national hero, some people say that he is a murderer, a brainless man, what kind of evaluation can best fit Ran Min?
First of all, under the rule of Later Zhao, the lives of the common people were indeed in dire straits, especially the Han people, so Ran Min's revelation really made the Han people at that time feel uplifted and raised their eyebrows.
You know, there was no genetic testing technology at that time, and the standard for judging Hu people was to see who had deep eye sockets and high nose bridges.
Among the 200,000 dead, how many Han Chinese were killed by mistake, and how many of the rest of the Hu people were innocent?
Secondly, Ran Min's original intention of promulgating the "Killing Hu Order" is problematic, he is not to restore the Central Plains Dynasty, nor is it for the righteousness of the world, but because he has been forced into a desperate situation, if he does not rebel, then he will die.
Can a person who abandons thousands of Li people for personal gain be called a hero? Moreover, when Shi Hu took care of him, Ran Min not only enjoyed it, but also helped him kill the Han people, right?
Finally, I would like to conclude with the evaluation of the historian Mr. Cai Dongfan:
“...... Raised by the Shi family, given to high-ranking officials, and given generous gifts, Malaysia still knows how to repay the master, and Min is still the ear of the people, how can he ignore his selfish favor and turn against those who favor me and honor me?
Bibliography:
1. Zhang Bin, ed., "The Sixth Lecture on Chinese Cultural History: The Bloody Land and Cultural Integration"
2, "Book of Wei, Volume 13, Biography No. 1"
3. "Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 104, Jin Ji 26"
4. Lu Simian, "History of the Two Jin and Northern Dynasties"
5. "Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 99"