Gulangyu Lin Family Mansion and Fuzhou Sanfang Seven Alleys - A brief description of the marriage relationship between the Lin Benyuan family in Taiwan

China's agrarian society, through the dynasties, has accumulated wealth based on families or families, or cultivated on the land, or traded in the city. When the accumulation of wealth exceeds that of a village, a township or even a district and a county of the masses of families or families, they will attach official governments and magnates, or donate officials to Gulangyu Lin's Mansion and Fuzhou Sanfang Seven Lanes

Seek the safety of wealth. Similarly, in order to show their wealth and superiority, the government and the magnates also tried their best to keep a distance from the public in terms of living customs and even daily life to show their differences. The most prominent manifestation is that the marriage relationship requires the door to be right, and the formation of rich and rich marriage or rich marriage has become a common phenomenon in the upper class. The Taiwan Lin Benyuan family can be described as a typical one.

(i)

The Lin Benyuan family in Banqiao, Taiwan, began in the forty-third year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1778), lin Yingyin, a native of Longxi, Fujian Province, crossed the sea with his son Pinghou to Taiwan and opened a school in Taipei Xinzhuang to teach apprentices, and Pinghou went to the rice merchant Zheng Gu shop to help as a maid.

Zheng Gu saw that Pinghou was extraordinary and would have a great future, and gave silver to make him develop himself. Pinghou soon became rich, and immediately took over the salt affairs of Taiwan, and quickly became rich. In order to avoid extortion by the government and harassment by the people of Quan (Prefecture), Yu Jiaqing went to Beijing in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), and Nasu was known to the same people and was divided into Guangxi to supplement it. In the seventeenth year (1812), he knew Nanning Province, and the following year he was promoted to Liuzhou Taishou. Because of the disagreement with Bingbei Daoluo in handling the case, he was falsely accused by Luo of fabricating facts and accusing him of being the governor of the constitution. In the nineteenth year (1814), confined to the sinister officialdom, He returned to Taipei, still living in Xinzhuang, engaged in agricultural reclamation, reclamation of land and light (water) (Yi) Orchid, annual harvest of 400,000 quintals of grain, self-opened rice mill, for Taiwan's super large tenants. Then diversified operations, expanded and money houses, ticket numbers, tea, passenger and cargo shipping, opened a modern mechanized sugar factory, became the richest man in Taiwan, with thousands of brave families.

Pinghou had five sons: Guodong, Guoren, Guohua, Guoying, Guofang, drinking, water, ben, si, and yuan, which were the five characters of drinking, water, ben, si, and yuan. GuoDong died early, and Guo Ren and Guo Ying either because they were adopted or because they had no children, they represented the Lin family with the third son Guohua (诰授光禄大夫) Benji and the fifth son Guofang (Nasu as a candidate for the title of Dao Jiayun envoy, conferred the title of Tongfeng Dafu) on behalf of the Lin family, known as the "Lin Benyuan Family". Extended to the fourth generation, evolved into three major rooms. After the cession of Taiwan in the afternoon, Lin Jiyuan led the entire family back to Xiamen and settled in the Lin family mansion in Gulangyu Island, and after lin Jiyuan's death in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), the Lin Benyuan family was active in Fuzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai and Taiwan with three major houses, which was the fifth generation after the Lin family crossed the Taiwan.

(ii)

Dafang Guohua has two sons: Wei Rang and Wei Yuan. Guofang was childless, and was originally scheduled to take Weiyuan and Qi, because Mrs. Guofang did not like Weiyuan, and she took the son of Ye Donggu as the heir, named Weide. Ye Yuan was a painter of the Lin family and later transferred to the accounting office. In this way, the fourth generation of Wei Rang, Wei Yuan, and Wei De are called the three major houses, and Wei Yuan is the actual controller of the family.

Virgent had two sons: Erchang and Erkang. Erchang had no heirs, and Xiong Zheng, the eldest son of Erkang, was made an heir.

Erkang had three sons: Xiong Zheng, Xiong Xiang, and Xiong Guang, and two daughters: Mu An and Mu Lan.

In the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), Chen Baochen, the teacher of Xuantong (Taifu), was invited by Liu Mingchuan, the inspector of Taiwan, to travel to Taipei. While in Taiwan, he met the attendant Lin Shifu (Wei Yuan), shifu proposed marriage to his nephew Erkang, and Chen Baochen took the name of his half-sister Zhifang Xuzhi (see "The Annals of Chen Baochen in MinXian County"). After the Battle of Jiawu, Lin Weiyuan led his family to cross the river, first living in Xiamen, and then settling in Gulangyu Island. Every month, Chen Zhifang sent His family Yongzhang to take a cloth bag to Wei Yuan's residence to pack a bag of silver dollars and come back as living expenses. At the same time, he sent his grandson Cai Faping to Yangqiao Lane in Fuzhou to buy a large house built in the Ming Dynasty, and built a five-bay and three-fall green brick house (including a protective house) in the alley (with a schematic map), collectively known as the "Lin Family Courtyard", and Cai also bought a house behind the compound to live in order to take care of each other. After Lin Weiyuan's death in June of the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Chen Zhifang led her family to relocate to the Lin family compound in Yangqiao Lane, known as "Taiwan Lin". Unfortunately, Lin Erkang only lived for twenty-eight years, and was buried in Niushan mountain at the foot of Gu Mountain, and Chen Zhifang became the actual owner of the Lin family compound. Later, she used the huge assets of the Lin family to fund 200,000 yuan to establish the Fujian Women's Normal School, donated funds to write the red Ayaben of the Records of Emperor Dezong, and also allocated funds to build the mother's mansion in Wenrufang. Lian Heng praised this: "Helping the country with wealth is admired by the world." Chen Zhifang was also buried in Gushan, Fuzhou after her death. Later, her grandson Lin Hengdao built a memorial pavilion for her grandparents' cemetery, which was linked to the "Tamjiang River Water and Minjiang River Water, Guishan Cloud and Drum Mountain Cloud".

Chen Zhifang lived in Wenrufang before she got married, and her name in Taiwan was Lin Shizhen, and when she returned to her mother's house in Ningfuzhou, her husband's aunt and wife had to accompany her. When she returned to Taiwan, Taifu specially arranged for Mawei's warship to send her to Keelung, which was very prominent.

Chen Zhifang gave Taifu's fourth daughter Chen Yuzhen (Shi Huan) to his second son Xiong Xiang (one said to be his sister-in-law's abdomen as a marriage) in order to inherit his father's "Shenglong Qianzhuang", so that Xiong Xiang was not only Taifu's nephew, but also his son-in-law, who was close to him and had a career. Zhifang's eldest son Xiong Zheng married Sheng Guanyi (Miss Sheng Wu), the daughter of Sheng Xuanhuai of Shangshu of the Ministry of Posts and Communications of the Qing Dynasty after founding hanzhiping steel company, and Miss Sheng Wu was very beautiful, with strong communication skills, and the wedding was very popular, and the reputation was full of Shanghai and Hangzhou!

The eldest daughter, Mu An, married Shen Chengdong, the grandson of Shen Baozhen in Gongxiang, and her father Shen Yuqing was once the governor of Guizhou. Shen Baozhen's father and son both served as the governor of Liangjiang, and when Shen Baozhen served as the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang to inspect Taiwan's defense, he had a lot of contacts with the Lin family. The second daughter, Mulan, married Yan Hu (Shu Xia), the third son of Yan Fu in Langguan Lane (who served as vice mayor of Fuzhou after liberation), when they were married, Yan Fu specially returned to Fuzhou from Beijing and held a wedding ceremony for them in his hometown of Yangqi. After the war of resistance against Japanese aggression, Mulan and his children took refuge in Shanghai, and after the victory, they went to Taiwan to visit relatives and stayed in Taiwan. Her eldest daughter, Chu Yun, is married to Gu Zhenfu, and her second daughter, Shu Yun, is married to Ye Mingxun, the dean of the World School of Journalism and Management.

Yan Returned to Fuzhou in 2004 to attend the 150th anniversary of Yan Fu's birth. She visited the former residence of Langguan Lane, the tomb of Yanfu in Aotou Mountain, and the tomb of her grandmother Chen Zhifang, and relived her hometown dream. She brought back a congratulatory speech: "The people of science benefit the people are shaded by the Kunzu Wu Rope Fenmian Hundred Generations, and the patriotic conscience is famous in the history of the township and the reputation of the country"!

Nowadays, Yangqiao Lane has long been demolished, Built Yangqiao Road, the Lin family compound has also been demolished, part of it has become the East Street Kou department store and adjacent buildings, the appearance of that year has no trace, 10 years ago when Gu Yanqiuyun returned to Fuzhou, he also saw a wall at the back door of the Lin family compound separated from Langguan Lane, and now I don't know if it is still there?

(iii)

The second room Lin Weiyuan, who had a good relationship with Inspector Ding Richang of Fujian and Inspector Liu Mingchuan of Taiwan, went on a tour or went to Taiwan to visit Lin Weiyuan at Fangqiao to discuss major issues such as Taiwan's construction or peace and order, hoping that Lin Weiyuan would donate silver and two, and Weiyuan would almost respond to his needs, donating 200,000 taels and 500,000 taels at will, and was appraised by Futai or Shengshang as "loyal in handling affairs, without deception, reclamation and fortification, perseverance, integrity, fanfare, and special jiashang", so the holy oracle was awarded "Taichang Temple Shaoqing, Erpin Ding Dai". Taibu Temple Zhengqing, head to wear." Wei Yuan had given gifts to Li Hongzhang and some Beijing officials, and during the negotiations on the Treaty of Maguan, Li Hongzhang met with Yi Hirobumi at the Chunfan Building in Shimonoseki, Japan, and the Japanese side promised to protect the Lin Benyuan family and property, and there was no time limit for the Lin Benyuan family to return to Taiwan (Note).

However, there are also cases of high-ranking officials who do not follow the donation, such as during the Daoguang years, Liu Huang led an army to Tainan, and as soon as he landed, he donated 1 million taels of silver to Wei Yuanle.

In mid-May 1895, the Gentry of Taiwan nationality headed by Qiu Fengjia established the "Taiwan Democratic State" to independently defend Taiwan and resist Japan. Taiwan Governor Tang Jingsong became president, Lin Weiyuan was elected speaker of the parliament, and at first Lin agreed to take office, but he saw that "there are many soldiers, bandits are rampant, the rulers are indecisive, and they are repetitive when they are in trouble, and they know that they cannot do anything, and they insist on not resigning." Therefore, he led the clan to cross the river and settled in the Lin clan mansion on Gulangyu Island, and died in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905).

Lin Weiyuan married the daughter of Chen Shengyuan, a staff general in the Fujian Water Division and the chief soldier of Fushan, and gave birth to a son and died early, and took the son of his brother as a son, that is, Lin Erjia, to maintain Chen Shengyuan's bloodline. Later, he married a concubine and had three sons: Zu shou, Bai Shou, and Song Shou.

Erjia married Yunhuan, the daughter of Gong Xianzeng of the third generation of Hanlin Jinshi in Jinjiang (Quanzhou). In 1895, Lin Erjia settled with his father in the Lin clan mansion on Gulangyu Island, and after Lin Weiyuan's death in 1905, he took over the Lin Benyuan family, like the new "big patriarch". In the More than 40 years of Gulangyu Lin's Mansion, he was successively assigned to the General Office of the Xiamen Baoshang Bureau and the Premier of the General Chamber of Commerce. When Taifu Chen Baochen supervised the Fujian Railway, Yan Erjia helped, and Lin Erjia personally did all surveying, mapping, measuring, borrowing, land acquisition, execution, etc., and was hired by the Qing Court Military Aircraft Department as a first-class adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture and Industry, and awarded the Jiahe Medal. Shangshu Sheng Xuanhuai of the Ministry of Posts and Communications invited him to participate in the compilation of the currency system of the Du Branch, and he donated 400,000 yuan and was promoted to the title of waiter. At the beginning of the Republic of China, he was hired as an alternate senator. Xu Shiying, an envoy of the Fujian Inspectorate, was appointed president of the Political Seminar. Duan Qirui came to power and specially appointed him as the president of the All-China Overseas Chinese Federation. Later, he was elected as the president of the Xiamen Municipal Council and a Chinese director of the Gulangyu General Bureau of Industry, and was re-elected for 14 years, making outstanding contributions to the construction of Fujian, Xiamen and Gulangyu.

Zu Shou, who crossed the Lin clan mansion with Wei Yuan, soon returned to Taiwan Banqiao and established Lin Ben Yuan Wei Ji Xingye Co., Ltd. to protect the Lin family's industry in Taiwan. Married Jiaoxia, the daughter of Cai Lianfang of Taichung Qingshui, due to zushou's frail health and illness, the housework and career were handled by her.

Bai Shou, married Qiong Zhi, the daughter of Chen Wangzeng, the inspector of Guangdong, and had two daughters, both of whom studied in Britain, and the second daughter, Hongyun, was a classmate of Dong Meizhen, the wife of Yu Guohua, president of Taiwan's "Executive Yuan". Hong Yun married overseas Chinese in Vietnam, and later, Bai Shou and his family went to live in Saigon, Vietnam, and lived overseas.

Song Shou, whose wife was named Hu Shuying, was a high-ranking official of Xiaoshan in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Song Shou came to Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China and paid homage to Premier Tang Shaoyi, who introduced him to Yuan Shikai, who appointed him as the Director of Transportation. (According to his genealogical biography: in June 1922, Yan Huiqing was appointed as the premier of the state, and the chief of communications recommended SongShou as the director of transportation), and was killed in Fuzhou during the War of Resistance.

Here is a brief introduction to the marriage of Lin Erjia's nine children:

Jing Ren, married Zhang Fuying, daughter of the Indonesian overseas Chinese leader Zhang Yunan; GangYi, married Zhen Ying, the queen of the Japanese Kobe overseas Chinese leader Wang Jingxiang, who was close to Sun Yat-sen, and served as a comprador of the Japan Zhengjin Bank and built 18 red brick houses in kinmen Folk Village; Dingli, married Sun Huiying, daughter of Sun Daoren, the governor of Fujian Province; Chongzhi, married Zhou Zhuying, daughter of Zhou Lian, the daughter of Fujian Xingquan Yongdao; and the wife of Gangyi's wife was Wang Baoying ,the sister of Gangyi's wife (the names of these daughters-in-law were all taken by Lin Erjia). Ke Gong married Heidi, a French-Swissman; Zhikuan's wife was also French, and he later divorced. The eldest daughter marries the son of the rich merchant Huang Yizhu, a typical marriage of wealth and wealth; the second daughter is in Taiwan.

Regarding the three rooms, there is no record of the marriage relationship between mrs. Zhengfang in the genealogy, only a few records of aunts and children, and the relevant profile is specially attached here:

Sanfang Weide is the son of the accounting house Ye Donggu and belongs to the borer, so his son cannot be called an adult or a young master in the Lin family. The eldest son, Peng Shou, known as the "Great Grand Master", lived in the Lin family mansion, and later crossed the sea to live in Taipei Dadaocheng, who was addicted to opium and sucked up all industries. The second son, Heshou, known as the "Second Grandson", was the most talented merchant among the descendants of the Lin family, and Wei yuan trusted him very much, entrusted many economic affairs, opened a money house in Xiamen, and built a Bagua Building. Later, he opened a crane company in Shanghai and bought many buildings in the French Concession. The third son, Song Shou, known as "Peach House", especially likes to collect calligraphy and paintings, clocks and watches, and also likes drama, and has generous and generous social skills.

concentrate:

Paragraph 5 of the Treaty of Maguan: After the ratification of the exchange of this Treaty. Limited to two years. Those who are willing to emigrate to other places in Japan should sell all their industries and retire from the boundary, but after the expiration of the limit, those who have not yet migrated should be regarded as Japanese subjects.

Source: Xiamen Geoscience Network

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