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Portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang
Author Lantai
Zhu Yuanzhang's most powerful policy and his most stupid policy are the same policy.
To put it simply, Zhu Yuanzhang successfully eliminated the soil that produced Liu Futong and Guo Zixing, which made the Zhu Ming Dynasty inherit for nearly three hundred years, which is the most powerful point of Zhu Yuanzhang;
However, because Zhu Yuanzhang successfully eliminated the soil that produced Liu Futong and Guo Zixing, the Self-Organization of the Central Plains did not have enough time to mature, and the result was to pave the way for the Manchus to enter the Central Plains.
Comparing the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the end of the Ming Dynasty, the biggest difference is that the first rebellion at the end of the Yuan Dynasty was a group of "rich second generation" local tycoons, while the first rebellion at the end of the Ming Dynasty was the collapse of the border army and the peasants who lost their land, and the starting point was completely different.
Liu Futong and Guo Zixing are both from local tycoons, and today's young people are particularly easy to confuse door valves, family families, eunuchs, local tycoons and readers, in fact, this is not a type of person at all, Liu Futong and Guo Zixing are both local tycoons.
In particular, Liu Futong, who was able to get rid of a Liu Bang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Futong not only had a huge family of tens of thousands, but also came from an inspection background; Guo Zixing's family was a famous local tycoon in Haozhou:
Guo Zixing, a native of Caozhou. Father Guo Gong, less with the art of the sun to travel far, words and misfortunes in the middle of the blessings. The rich people of Yi have no daughter to return, Guo Gong is married, and the family is increasingly spared. He gave birth to three sons, and his son Xingqi Zhongye. Born, Guo Gongbu Zhiji. And long, renxia, happy guests. Huiyuan political turmoil, Zixing scattered family assets, vertebrae. Beef sake, knotted with the strong man. In the spring of the twelfth year, thousands of young people gathered and attacked Haozhou. Taizu went from here.
Even the "History of Ming" does not deny that Zhu Yuanzhang is fully accepting Guo Zixing's legacy, and only then is he qualified to participate in the deer race at the end of the Yuan Dynasty:
Zixing held Haozhou and the terrain was weak. However, there is a Ming foundation, which was actually caused by a brigade in Chuyang.
If Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong were at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and there was also a first-class figure of Guo Zixing who gave Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong "the precursor to the king", then how much time could Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong save.
Li Zicheng Chongzhen only came out of the Shangluo Mountains in the twelfth year, when there were only more than a thousand people around him, and it was not until Chongzhen was fifteen years old that he defeated Sun Chuanting, compared to Zhu Yuanzhang, he had no time to consolidate his foundation before a stone.
The traditional saying is that the main purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's promulgation of the "Great Curse" is to fight corruption, but in fact, this view is very superficial, and what Zhu Yuanzhang really wants to do is to eliminate Liu Futong and Guo Zixing.
Everyone has not forgotten that Liu Futong once served as an inspector, which is actually a small official, but this kind of position is coupled with the economic strength of a large landlord, then this is a local tycoon.
For example, in the case of Hongwu Eighteen-Year Soap Li Pan Fu, The Soap Li Pan Fu and the local tycoon Zhao Zhen who sheltered Pan Fu are the real-life version of Song Jiang and Chao Gai, and Zhao Zhen's pie is generally the same as Guo Zixing at that time.
Ming Tombs
Zhu Yuanzhang actually knows very well what the real social instability factor is, so Zhu Yuanzhang has been working to eliminate the local tycoons of the Ming Dynasty, but the local tycoons, Zhu Yuanzhang is not hostile to the scholars, he knows that the scholars are weak and can be bribed, and the local tycoons are the "cancer" that grows in his empire.
Facts have proved that Zhu Yuanzhang did a very successful job, there are Ming generation, the folk almost did not produce such a local tycoon as Guo Zixing, who can attract thousands of people like Guo Zixing, although in the late Ming Dynasty there was zheng zhilong maritime merchant group, but this is not the same thing as the emergence of Liu Futong and Guo Zixing in the hinterland of the Central Plains at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
Or, it was precisely because Zheng Zhilong was in Fujian, where the control of the Ming Empire was weakened, and through collusion with Japanese samurai, that Zheng Zhilong was able to develop to such a large scale in history.
It can be said bluntly that the reason why Zheng Zhilong was able to sit big was inseparable from his contact with "foreign forces" at the beginning, and Zheng Zhilong even married the daughter of a Japanese samurai.
But in the same way, precisely because Zhu Yuanzhang has been committed to eliminating the "local tycoons", the result is that by the end of the Ming Dynasty, it is difficult for the Central Plains to spontaneously form self-organization.
Even salt lords like Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen were gone.
Shunzhi
This is why Zhu Yuanzhang himself cleared the way for the Manchus to enter the Central Plains.
In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang did this, Liu Bowen is very disgusted, Liu Bowen himself in the article is fiercely criticized Zhu Yuanzhang's approach:
The people of Yao and Shun are like lacquered sand, and they are never solved. Therefore, Yao Beng, the people are like mourning concubines, three years, the four seas contain the secret eight tones, and the non-coercive drive and the order of suing. Three generations of people, like glue and sand, although sometimes melted, they did not let go of it. Therefore, if it is passed down from generation to generation, there will be a king without a way and then a decay, and then a virtuous and revived. There will be great ways such as Jie and Gong, and there will be sages and saints such as Shang Tang and Zhou Wu kings who will die later. Those who have no way are not as dead as they are, and those who have no way are like they are not dead, and those who have no virtuous princes are not dead at the right time. The people of the world are like water and sand, and their union is not open. The ice of the water, once dissolved, will be gone. Those below gather them with strength, as if they were holding sand with their hands, and their fists are on the platform, and they are scattered when they are released. Not to seek the way of their gathering, but to blame the people is stubborn and rebellious.
Liu Bowen's pen "Those under him gather with strength, like a hand to pluck the sand, fist to the stage, release and scatter." Instead of seeking a way to gather them, but blaming the people for being stubborn and rebellious," criticized Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of deliberately eliminating local tycoons.
END
Attached to the case of Hongwu Eighteen-Year Soap Li Pan Fu:
In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, Li Gao, a native of Shanxi, went to Liyang County as a zhi county, and as soon as he took office, he and Pan Fu of Soap Li harmed the people, cleverly established a name, and wantonly extorted money. Less than a month after Li Gao arrived, Pan Fu used the looted money to buy a Suzhou woman to send to him.
The woman was settled in Pan Fu's house, and after Li Gao had met three or five times, Pan Fu actually took her as a concubine and took it for himself.
In this regard, Li Gao also had nothing to do. At the instigation of Pan Fu and other Xu officials, Li Gao ordered that the Staff of Jingjing (crutch), that is, all the people of Liyang County, should pay a crutch to the government. The people sent crutches, and the Panfu refused to accept them, even punching and kicking them under the pretext of poor quality. Until the common people "exchanged" the crutch into silver money.
In desperation, the local people Huang Lu went to the capital to file a complaint (this case involved Zhi County, the people did not have the right to arrest spontaneously, only to petition), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered a strict investigation of the truth, and sent someone to arrest Pan Fu. As a result, Pan Fu staged a thousand-mile escape.
First, Jiang Shilu and 13 other Confucians in Liyang secretly delivered Pan Fu to the neighboring Guangde County.
Soon Pan Fu wandered to Jianping County, and the arresting servants tracked him down to Jianping, and the local people Wang Haisan quietly delivered him back to Liyang.
Zhu Zirong, a commoner in Liyang, secretly delivered it to Yixing County... In this way, after several deliveries, Pan Fu was secretly escorted to Chongde County.
Zhao Zhen, a rich man in Chongde County, had a wealthy family and raised many unemployed vagrants to do the business of selling smuggled salt, and there were hundreds of friends who often came and went, and Pan Fu hid in Zhao Zhen's home.
The arresting servants then arrived, and Zhao Zhen secretly delivered Pan Fu to a temple in Qiancheng Township. The monks in the temple gathered more than two hundred people and surrounded the messengers who had arrested Pan Fu until they killed and injured people before dispersing...
The matter became more and more noisy, and finally had to be reported to Zhu Yuanzhang again. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that all the family property of Zhao Zhen and his accomplices of more than 200 households be confiscated, and all those who participated in the siege and service were to be killed; along the way, all 107 families who hid Pan Fu and helped him escape were all shown to the public, and their family property was confiscated together.
After the emperor issued an arrest edict, a small dirty official in a small county was able to stage such a large-scale escape, which went through eight counties and involved more than three hundred households.
Originally, only Pan Fu was the only one who should die, but the result was that nearly a thousand people died because of it.