During the 60th anniversary of Qianlong, a huge national uprising was brewing in Miaojiang.
The Miao people are one of the ancient ethnic groups in our country, and the history of creation and reproduction is long and indistinguishable, but the future generations have gradually moved from the plains to the deep mountains, and have specially selected steep and steep places to gather ethnic groups and form villages, and there must be a history of national pain. Descending to the Qing Dynasty, the Miao people mainly scattered in the adjacent mountainous areas of Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, and were divided into red seedlings and black seedlings by regional clothing color, stretching for thousands of miles, collectively known as Miaojiang. During Yongzheng's reign, he sent a large army to level the Miao villages. The Miao rebelled repeatedly, and the Qing army killed bloodily.
In the late Qianlong period, official and social corruption intensified, coupled with the sharp increase in population, land annexation became more and more serious, and the guest people (mainly Han displaced people) gradually expanded to the Miao residential area, which constantly triggered ethnic hatred, and the storm was about to erupt.
Around the New Year's Day of the sixtieth year of Qianlong, under the cover of festive activities, the Songtao Hall Camp Hundred Households Shi Liu Deng, the Yongsui Hall Cucumber Zhai Changshi Sanbao, and the Phoenix Hall Duck Baozhai Deputy Hundred Households Wu Longdeng held many secret meetings, and the blood was an alliance, and the public pushed Shi Sanbao as the King of Miao. He also invited Miao Baihu Wu to draft a message and slogan in August.
The Miao people are one of the ancient peoples in Our country, and the history of creation and reproduction is long and indistinct
Although the villages involved belong to Hunan and Guizhou, they are actually not far apart. Shi Liu Deng made too much noise during the drill at the Dazhai camp, and a nearby Miao hundred household Shi Laosan found that the momentum was not right and ran to report to the official government.
Sun Qingyuan, the Commander of songtao, was also quite capable, personally leading three hundred officers and soldiers to rush to the qing, but did not estimate the seriousness of the situation, and was rushed and killed. Shi Liu Deng and others were brazenly fearless, first resisting with danger, and then rushing out of the siege and rushing to cucumber village to assemble with the brigade. Two days later, on the eighteenth day of the first month, it was the period agreed upon by Zhu Miao, and Qianzhou, Fenghuang, Yongsui and other places rose up. Shi Liudeng, known as the "Marshal of the Unified Army", had the greatest momentum, and first killed back the Dazhai camp, captured the flood camp, and then surrounded the songtao hall city.
The nearest General Soldier's Mansion is stationed in Zhenyi, located not far from the Phoenix Hall City, and the soldiers are known for their toughness and courage to fight, and are known as the first of the sixty-six towns of the Green Camp. The chief soldier, Ming Antu, was a Mongolian Zhenghongqi man and a fierce general who was born as a palace guard.
On the twenty-second day, Ming AnTu heard of the change of The Pine Peach Seedlings in Guizhou, that is, he led more than 500 subordinates to the provincial border to block the imperial palace. On the way to the trip, he suddenly encountered Shi Sanbao's brigade of Miao Jun, who rushed through the mountains and killed them. Ming AnTu saw that the situation could not be taken, led the troops and fought and retreated, first entered the duck unitary village, according to the danger of defending. In the middle of the night, the bloody battle was very bad, and I was also wounded in many places, seeing that the village had been breached by the Miao army, so I had to break out. The officers and men stationed in Yongsui rushed to the rescue under the leadership of the deputy generals Isana and Tongzhi Peng Fengyao, and they were also besieged by tuantuan.
The Miao revolution was extremely tragic at the beginning, and a number of civilian and military officials died at the hands of miao people
Ming Antu treated the soldiers well on weekdays, but when things were in danger, his subordinates desperately protected him, and there were three brothers among the soldiers, two of whom were killed in battle, and the remaining one still insisted on carrying him down the mountain. The mountain road is narrow, the Miao people's arrows and spear blades are fed more poison, and there are muskets and birds, and Ming Antu and Isana have been killed in battle, and most of the officers and men they led have been annihilated.
The banner was victorious, and the morale of the Miao people was high, and they besieged the city of Yongsui Hall and attacked day and night. Miao people in many places responded in groups, blocking the passage for the rescue and grain of the officers and soldiers, and the guerrilla Yongshu in Heli Town, Yunnan Province, and the Sichuan Fuhe Xiedu Sibandi tried to fight back, but they were all killed. The other way, led by Wu August, was also a fierce offensive, and a few days later, he conquered the city of Qianzhou in one fell swoop, and tongzhi Song Ruchun committed suicide, and Inspector Jiang Yao was killed.
At the beginning of this Miao revolution, it was extremely tragic, and a group of civil and military officials died at the hands of Miao Min, including erpin officers who had been in the battlefield for a long time, plus more than a thousand green battalion soldiers known for their bravery, the Miao army was greatly shaken, and the imperial court was greatly shaken.
The image of the Miao people in the Qing Dynasty
The Battle of Pacifying the Miao Dynasty was routinely deployed and commanded by the Qianlong Emperor himself. In response to the Miao people's great rebellion that began in western Hunan and southeastern Qian, Hongli paid great attention to it from the initial carelessness, and dispatched troops and generals to remotely control the attack and suppression in the Beijing Division.
He handed over the matter to Fu Kang'an, who had always been a heavy believer, and asked him to select and transfer cadres from the provincial government, and when passing through Guizhou, he would take some brave officers and soldiers with him to quell the incident. At the same time, he pinned his hopes on Funing, who was already in the Phoenix Hall, and ordered him to lead the local Wenwu to quickly suppress the arrest, and it was best to solve it quickly on his own, without the need for the Fukang Anlao Division expedition. The new governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan, had arrived in Hubei and was ordered to quickly go to Jingzhou and other places to garrison and "prepare grain and food for arms."
Although the Qianlong Emperor was old, his mind was still extremely clear, and he learned that the leaders of the two provinces were surnamed Shi, and it was possible that there was first collusion and premeditation, and immediately realized that the situation was grim, dispatched troops, and instructed the front-line generals to be cautious everywhere, especially not to fake surrender.
By this time, the Qianlong Emperor had regarded the pacification of Miao As the top priority of the imperial court. He carefully examined the map of Miaojiang reported by Jiang Sheng, and saw that the place of the accident was actually the junction of the three provinces, adjacent to Xiushan County in Sichuan, where there were many Miao villages, and immediately ordered the new governor of Sichuan and Lin to go to the cuisine. Sun Shiyi, the former governor of Sichuan, had already been transferred to Beijing, and was also required to stay behind to prepare for military supplies. In the old emperor's mind, the commander of the unified army was Fu Kang'an, and the deputy commander was Helin.
At this point, within a radius of hundreds of miles in the turbulent Miao area, there were already two university scholars (Fu Kang'an and Sun Shiyi), five governors (Fu Kang'an, Sun Shiyi, Helin, Funing, Bi Yuan), plus the admirals and general soldiers of the neighboring provinces.
Fukang Ann
The Qianlong Emperor tried to quell the chaos at an early date, to stabilize Miaojiang, to avoid adding to the obstruction of next year's Zen ceremony, and to select more than ten Batulu from among the guards, so that the commander of the Red Banner Protector Army, Delen Tai, led by the Beijing Division, rushed to the front line. Later, at the request of Fu Kang'an, he sent the deputy governor of Manchuria under the Zhenglan Banner, Erdengbao, to lead Batulu's bodyguards to the front of the army.
Qing Taizu killed the world on horseback, selected young Junyan from among his own soldiers, studied riding and shooting on weekdays, and sacrificed his life to fight when he encountered the enemy, called a bodyguard, that is, a pro-army. After entering the customs, a special guard office was set up, which was commanded by the Minister of Xunqi and was responsible for the safety of the imperial front and the palace ban. Most of the duties of the police guards are borne by the guards, and the guards are divided into ranks, with clear responsibilities, mainly inspection inspectors, more like a senior military attaché training center.
The first-class bodyguard ranked in the three products, and he was the best of the best, and he was always trusted by the emperor. In the event of a major war, the emperor routinely sent bodyguards to the front. One shows the importance attached by the imperial court and inspires the frontline soldiers; the other also gives them the opportunity to make meritorious achievements and test and select talents from actual combat. These people around the emperor are deeply influenced and inspired, not only are they superior in martial arts, but also have a strong sense of national consciousness and personal honor.
Later battles proved that Erle Dengbao and Dele tai were both Manchurian brave generals, and many of their bodyguards were not afraid of bloody battles, and became a group of backbones in pacifying Miaojiang. Later, when pursuing the White Lotus Sect's teaching army, both of them became important leaders.
These people around the emperor are deeply influenced and inspired, not only are they superior in martial arts, but also have a strong sense of national consciousness and personal honor
The bloody beginning of the miaojiang revolution means that no one has any room for maneuver, and it is bound to be a vicious battle after another. Here the mountains are high and dense, the roads are rugged and steep, most of the Miao villages are built on the basis of danger, erect wooden fences, set up stone cards, and then arrange ambushes according to the terrain, traps for beasts, shotguns and poisonous arrows, and most of the intruders have come and gone. For thousands of years, the Miao people have used this to defend themselves and resist the enemy.
On February 15, FuKang'an led a brigade to come, carefully reconnoitred the situation in the nearby Miao villages, and secretly sent soldiers and soldiers to detour to the Zhengda camp to inform the time of action. Late at night on the nineteenth day, Fukang'an divided his troops into two routes, and the main army of his own generals, with Hua Lianbu as a partial division, encircled the advance. When we arrived at the Pantang Pass, we saw the Miaozhai cluster, and the wooden fence and stone barrier blocked the way, even if we ordered the artillery to bombard and throw fire bombs, the Qing soldiers killed people when they saw them.
Hua Lianbu took advantage of the victory and led 3,000 elite soldiers to go straight to the Zhengda camp, all the way to attack, and the troops were very sharp. Peng Tingdong heard that the rescue troops had arrived, and the soldiers from the city were killed, and the siege of the city was scattered, and the siege of the Zhengda camp was immediately solved. The first battle of this battle was successful, and a large number of Grain Andrea were also captured.
The siege of the Zhengda camp not only relieved the worries of the march, but also freed the Guizhou governor Peng Tingdong and his men and horses, and Fukang was properly deployed, leaving Peng Tingdong to guard the rear road, and then marched north to kill Songtao. This road is densely packed with Miao villages, the mountains are high and the water is urgent, all roads are blocked, and the sniffing brain city in the middle is being besieged and attacked by the Miao army like Songtao Hall City.
During the Qianlong period, the army was well armed
Although Fu Kang'an had just turned forty years old, as the commander of the army who had passed through Miaojiang, Ling Li was cautious in his efforts, and he advanced steadily step by step. In the middle of Leap February, the Qing army first relieved the siege of the sniffing brain, attacked continuously, and finally arrived at Songtao Hall City, where the long siege was solved for many days. Fukang Anson:
From the sniffing brain to the pine peach all the way, there are thieves on both sides... The officers and men rushed forward, killed several people, and struggled to chase out the mountain pass, and when they saw that the terrain was slightly flat and the Miao village was innumerable, the thieves saw the officers and men galloping forward, and they all rushed forward with darts and spears, and almost four or five thousand people came together to face the enemy. Officers and men fired knives and guns, killed many thieves when they boarded, rolled rocks and fell into ditches and killed countless people, and the rest of the bandits fled to the back of the mountains on both sides. The officers and men went straight down the mountain, near Maqianxi, and saw that there was a big river, and the water was very fast, and the subjects bombarded them with artillery on the one hand, and on the other hand, they sent orders the officers and men to fly to the shallow places in the upper stream to cross the river, and after copying them to the thieves, they violently killed them...
In just one paragraph of text, the word "kill" is seen all over the article, and when I read it to this day, I still feel misty with blood. The word "pounce" writes about the death of the Miao people, and also writes about the hardships and cruelty of the officers and soldiers. The lifting of the Siege of The Song Tao Hall greatly relieved the Qianlong Emperor and ordered Lin to lead his army to rendezvous.
At the end of leap February, when the military situation was urgent, Fu Kang'an immediately ordered his army to attack, and successively swept away ChangchongTang and Kaluotang and went straight to the Dazhai camp. The Miao leader Shi Liu Deng was quite strategic, did not fight with the officers and soldiers to the death, and took advantage of the geographical advantage to start a guerrilla war, claiming that "the officers have ten thousand soldiers, I have ten thousand mountains; they come and go, they go to me", led the retreat to Xiangxi, and joined Wu Bayue, Shi Sanbao, and so on. Fukang An did not have any respite, and commanded the army to advance from all directions and encircle and suppress it layer by layer.
By this time, the imperial court had mobilized tens of thousands of troops in Miaojiang, stationed in three provinces, with the military affairs of President Fukang'an, forming a joint siege of miaozhai.
Miaojiang has an uncertain climate, complex terrain, steep mountain roads, and deep caves everywhere, making it easy to defend and difficult to attack. As soon as the officers and soldiers entered the mountain pass, they did not care about the forward chinese army, they were in danger of being attacked at any time. Under the leadership of Fukang An, the generals parted ways and attacked, rain battles, night raids, encirclements, fire attacks, and the war was extremely fierce. There are often lone armies going deep, facing the enemy alone, and the generals are more able to fight without hesitation, and some of the wounds still do not leave the line of fire, wrapped in wounds and attacked. Good news from the front line was frequent, and the Qianlong Emperor was in a very good mood in the Capital Division, and the edict ordered a great reward.
Miaojiang has an uncertain climate, complex terrain, steep mountain roads, and deep caves everywhere, making it easy to defend and difficult to attack
Upon hearing the news of Antu's death, the angry Qianlong Emperor immediately decreed that "it must be severely eradicated," and the people of Miaojiang were suffering from the pain of suppression. The situation in Miaojiang is intricate and not entirely divided by ethnic groups: there are Miao people who rise up and resist to the death; there are Han Chinese who sympathize with and support Miao change and ventilate messages; there are also Miao people who secretly report news to the authorities and even organize to defend the cottage and fight with the Miao army. The imperial court had greatly rewarded the so-called "good seedlings", and Fu Kang'an and so on also tried to distinguish between them, and once a war broke out, it was extremely difficult to distinguish between swords and swords.
This is a cruel sweep, the direction of the army, such as the first artillery bombardment, but also specially aimed at the wooden structure of Miaozhai, increased with fire bombs similar to the later generations of incendiary bombs, hundreds of years of Miaozhai burned in a torch, the village of women, children, old and young is inevitable, where to manage what "fierce seedlings" and "good seedlings".
The good news from Miaojiang is called "burning Dazhai twenty-six", "arson", "destroying Dazhai fifty-six", "burning Bagou and other villages twenty", which makes people sigh and pity. Miao people choose dangerous places as habitats, the same surname as groups, generation after generation of multiplication, the first to build the ancestral home for generations, forming a unique cultural heritage. Imagine how many ancient Miao villages there are in the local area? After this catastrophe, how many can be preserved?
Like the riots of some folk religions or ethnic groups, most of the people in Xiangqian and Miao were also coerced, and the officers and soldiers did not care about these things. The rulers of Manchuria have always had a tradition of slaughtering the city and killing and surrendering, and the Qianlong Emperor has not been soft-hearted until now, and has ordered the captives taken everywhere to quickly carry out the Fa.
Qianlong issued an order to kill prisoners
Among the captives, there are both Miao and Han: the so-called Han traitors refer to the Han people who support or participate in the Miao rebellion; and the "living bandits" are the Miao people who are captured. This imperial decree was issued at the end of February, still in the early days of the Miao Rebellion, and the old emperor had already issued a categorical order to kill prisoners and not to leave a living mouth, so as not to be burdensome on the march. After the Battle of Pingmiao, killing prisoners and killings became commonplace. For the Miao people who hid in the caves, the officers and soldiers burned them with fire and smoked, and the dead and wounded slept with each other. Miao Min had no room to retreat, and was forced to fight to the death, and the fight was really fierce.
The Qianlong Emperor used tens of thousands of troops to suppress miao, and in Wei Yuan's later words, he fought rabbits with the power of beating elephants in order to make up his mind in one fell swoop. After Fu Kang'an and others arrived, the good news was frequent, and the Qianlong Emperor was in a relaxed mood, believing that the change in MiaoJiang was just around the corner. Did you know that it was already the height of summer, and the greatest threat was the terrible plague in western Hunan and southeastern Qiandong, and the officers and soldiers of the brigade were blocked by the turbulent Wucao River, the heat was fumigated, the miasma was spreading in the valley, and the generals in the army fell ill and died one after another.
Since then, the situation of the war has undergone fundamental changes, with the Miao army changing from attack and confrontation to retreat and guerrilla warfare, while the Qing army has advanced step by step and swept away in pieces. The Fu Shuai overseers went deep into the mountains, destroyed the card and burned the village, and chased after the Miao leader, and could not stop day and night. At this time, the Zen Lethal canon was imminent, and Miao Jiang was still in the midst of a struggle, and it was difficult to calm down. The old emperor, from the initial anger and eagerness to calm down, gradually realized the difficulty of quick victory, and ordered Fu Kang'an to handle it properly.
(To be continued)
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