The Wright Brothers Invent the Airplane Pass (I)

Brother Wright, older brother Willbur, was born in 1867, younger brother Orville was born in 1871, older brother was four years older than younger brother, Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866, Brother Wright was one year younger than Sun Yat-sen, and they and Sun Yat-sen were contemporaries.

The father of the two brothers, who is the bishop of the Christian church, including the two brothers, has a total of 7 brothers and sisters in the family, and in childhood, because of their father's position as bishop, they moved frequently, and in 1884, the older brother was 17 years old, and the younger brother was 13 years old, and only lived in Dayton, Ohio for a long time.

My brother finished high school for four years, but did not receive a diploma, and in 1884, a sudden move to Dayton affected his diploma. Younger brother Dropped out of high school in his third year of high school. In 1889, when his brother was 18 years old, he started his own printing business. Later, the brother also joined the younger brother's printing business, and in 1892 the brothers opened a shop to repair and sell bicycles, and in 1896, they began to produce their own brand. They use the money they make from the bicycle business to fund interest in flying.

In 1899, my brother wrote to the Smith Society, asking for information and publications on aviation. The Smith Institute, a public interest organization of the U.S. government, including libraries, museums, and research centers, was founded in 1846 to "increase and diffuse knowledge," and it was in this year that the brothers began experimenting with aviation.

In making plans, the brothers believe that the control problem is a flying machine, a third problem that has not yet been solved. The other two problems are the wing and the engine, and there is already enough knowledge.

At that time, most of the pioneers who did flight exploration directly installed powerful engines on the aircraft and conducted experiments. The control system has not been validated, and the pilots have no flight experience. There was a pioneer in Germany, Otto. Riridal, who died in 1896 during a glider test flight, died in a crash. Although Otto was in trouble, the Wright brothers felt that Otto's technical route was correct, that is, not to install the engine first, to use a glider to verify the control system, and to gain flight experience at the same time. They feel that reliable pilot control systems are key to flight success and safety.

At that time, Otto used his weight to keep the glider balanced and in control by moving his body on the glider. The Wright brothers felt that this method was not enough. A more reliable approach is needed.

By observing the birds, Brother Willbur saw that the birds controlled the whole body to tilt to the left and right by changing the angle of the tip of the wings, and then achieved a turn. They felt that the plane could be controlled in this way, and that it could be used to restore balance in this way when the plane encountered wind and lost its balance. It's a lot like a bike when you're cornering, the whole bike is tilted to the left and right, and they're very familiar with the bike. They control the two wingtips through a system of pulleys and cables, allowing the two machine wingtips to move in opposite directions at the same time.

The Wright brothers' contemporaries, the flying pioneers, felt that the airplane should be like a steamship, through the pulp to achieve a turn, they felt that it was not necessary to tilt the entire aircraft to the left and right. Some pioneers felt that aircraft design required inherent stability, controlled by the pilot to achieve stability, and it was possible to react in a timely manner, while the Wright brothers considered full control by the pilot.