Wen/Yuan Brother said history
Foreword [During the Three Kingdoms period, Dong Zhuo, this person, I believe everyone knows. Dong Zhuo was originally a great warlord who occupied one side, but was later summoned to the capital by He Jin. From then on, the situation in the imperial court became unmanageable, and tianzi and civil and military officials were controlled by Dong Zhuo. Mountains and rivers are broken, the Great Han is in decline, and the people are displaced... But Dong Zhuo was a simple-minded, murderous person, he did not understand politics, still less did he know how to buy people's hearts, he used his power, he did a lot of stupid things, he killed many innocent people, which caused panic among the people at all levels of the imperial court, and there was no one in the world who did not hate him. Of course, many people know Dong Zhuo through the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. So, what kind of person is the real Dong Zhuo in history? How cruel and tyrannical is he? In this article, I will give you a detailed introduction to Dong Zhuo. 】
Dong Zhuo stills
Dong Zhuo (東卓), courtesy name Zhongying, was a native of Lintao, Longxi (present-day Min County, Gansu).
Dong Zhuo in the early stage
According to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Dong Zhuo's Biography", when Dong Zhuo was young, he liked to act heroically and righteously, and befriended many chivalrous guests and Haojie. Later, he went to the fields to cultivate and lived a life of good wandering. Life seems hard, and you can't make any money. But Dong Zhuo, as a person, is very bold and generous. If Haojie had gone to see him in the fields, he would have slaughtered pigs and cattle, washed the dust for them, and set up a feast. Therefore, at this time, Dong Zhuo was deeply popular and his reputation was relatively good.
Not only that, Dong Zhuo is also a talented person, not only literary talent, but also martial talent, born with great strength. Because of his meritorious service in battle, he was given the title of Langzhong and was rewarded with 9,000 silk horses.
So, how did Dong Zhuo deal with those silks?
His approach is surprising! He distributed those things to other officials.
Speaking of this, do you have a little admiration for Dong Zhuo? Think he doesn't match the image we imagine?
Don't worry, then there will be more confusion.
Since then, Dong Zhuo has been promoted to Guangwu County Commandery, and then successively served as the Commander of hezhou, Hedong Taishou, and Zhonglang.
During his tenure as a general in Zhonglang, Dong Zhuo was demoted to a lower rank for failing his crusade against the Yellow Turban Rebellion. When Han Sui in Liangzhou rebelled, Dong Zhuo reinstated himself to block Han Sui's attack.
Fighting wars is hard and dangerous. Dong Zhuo's army lacked food and was not enough in number, and the enemy was rampant. However, Dong Zhuo's performance is still quite good, according to pei Songzhi's note in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms Dong Zhuo", quoting the "Hero's Record":
"Zhuo Counts Qiang and Hu, and fights for more than a hundred wars before and after."
In addition, of the six armies, only Dong Zhuo's army avoided heavy casualties. Therefore, Dong Zhuo was given the title of former general and annexed the state pastor.
Later Dong Zhuo
People can change, especially in such a chaotic world as the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao was so, Liu Bei was like this, and so was Dong Zhuo.
In the early stage, Dong Zhuo was a haojie who was deeply appreciated by others and made great achievements for the Han Dynasty. However, in the later period, Dong Zhuo, with the growth of power, gradually increased his desires, and people also became vicious.
After the death of Emperor Ling of Han, Liu Jie took the throne, that is, Emperor Shao of Han. The great general He Jin and the eunuchs, in order to compete for power and power, produced an irreconcilable contradiction.
In order to kill the eunuchs, He Jin came up with a crooked idea: summon the warlords outside to Beijing and plot against the eunuchs.
After Dong Zhuo learned of this news, he immediately took his army and rushed to the capital overnight. Unexpectedly, before Dong Zhuo could enter the capital, He Jin was killed by the eunuchs.
However, the truth of "asking thieves is easy, sending thieves is difficult", I believe everyone knows. Dong Zhuo came to the capital and was stunned by the sight in front of him: there were golden and splendid buildings everywhere, and there were countless beauties and treasures.
Dong Zhuo decided not to leave, he wanted to stay, hold Tianzi hostage, control hundreds of officials, and do his "emperor dream".
According to the "Spring and Autumn of Kyushu", when Dong Zhuo first entered Luoyang, there were less than 3,000 infantry. But Dong Zhuo used a blindfold to deceive others: he let the soldiers come and go, holding up flags and beating drums. As a result, many people thought that Dong Zhuo's army was invincible, and none of them dared to act rashly.
(1) Depose the Emperor
Stills of Emperor Xian of Han
Why did Dong Zhuo depose the emperor?
The answer is very simple, Dong Zhuo is a "big boss" and "big warlord", and there are only "power ideas" and "warlord ideas" in his mind. He believes that since he wants to make a name for himself and make everyone obey him, he must do something that sensationalizes the world.
So, what's the best thing to do?
There is no doubt that this is to abolish the present holy spirit and to establish others.
Yes, if Dong Zhuo dared to depose even the emperor, what else would he not dare to do?
When did Dong Zhuo come up with the idea of deposing the emperor?
According to the "Chronicle of Emperor Xian", Dong Zhuo talked to Emperor Shao of Han after he took him hostage. However, Emperor Shao of Han was so frightened that he couldn't even speak. When Dong Zhuo talked to Liu Xie(劉協), the prince of ChenLiu (later Emperor Xian of Han), Liu Xie replied in a fluent manner. Dong Zhuo was overjoyed, that is, at this time he had the idea of "abolishing Liu Xie and establishing Liu Xie".
So, how did the court ministers react?
Once, Dong Zhuo held a banquet, and he said to the ministers:
The current emperor is incompetent and incompetent, unable to take on the heavy responsibility of saving the world. I want to learn from Yi Yin and Huo Guang and establish Chen Liu wang, what do you think?
Shang Shu Lu Objected, saying:
Taijia was not virtuous, so Yi Yin deposed him; king Changyi had only been emperor for 27 days and had committed thousands of crimes, so Huo Guang deposed him. And today's situation is different from before, and there is no fault in the saints today. Don't do it, abolish him.
After Dong Zhuo heard this, he immediately became angry and said that he was going to kill Lu Yuan, but he was stopped by Cai Yong, the attendant.
Of course, Dong Zhuo would not be dead-hearted, and later he once again feasted on the courtiers, saying:
The Son of Heaven was weak and incompetent, and King Renyi of Chenliu was filial and obedient, and he deserved to be the emperor.
After speaking, Dong Zhuo deposed the Young Emperor of Han as the King of Hongnong. Soon after, he killed King Hongnong and his mother Empress He, and then made King Chen Liu emperor. Dong Zhuo was given the title of Xiangguo and Marquis of Guo, and enjoyed extremely high honors. For example, during the upper dynasty, the salutator does not call him by his name (praise without name), and when he goes up to the court, he can wear a sword (the sword is on the upper temple). Not only that, Dong Zhuo's mother also followed the light and was given the title of Chi Yang Jun.
From then on, Dong Zhuo possessed all the treasures of the imperial court and became more and more brutal and cruel. For example, he allowed his soldiers to go outside to grab things; he himself was bold enough to vent his bestiality in the palace.
Dong Zhuo used his majesty to serve the people, and even if others did something bad to him, he would retaliate. It can be said that no one in the imperial court is safe in life.
An example illustrates this.
At that time, there was an official named Wu Fu, who had integrity, and he couldn't see what Dong Zhuo was doing, so during a court trip, he hid a knife in his clothes and wanted to assassinate Dong Zhuo. Who would have thought that Dong Zhuo's strength was too great, and Wu Fu could not stab him, but was caught by Dong Zhuo.
Dong Zhuo: I don't treat you thinly, why do you want to rebel?
Wu Fu: You are not a king, I am not your subject, why rebel? You have usurped the Han Chamber, and your sin is extremely evil. I can't wait to slash you with a thousand knives!"
Dong Zhuo was furious and ordered Wu Fu to be executed.
(2) Move the capital to Chang'an
Moving the capital to Chang'an was the second stupid thing Dong Zhuo did.
Why?
The reason is very simple, at that time, the capital of the Han Dynasty, Luoyang, occupied all the time and place. Moving the capital to Luoyang is an unwise move, because a little carelessness will cause many problems, which will cause panic among civil and military officials at the slightest and riot among the people.
Before Dong Zhuo moved the capital, he consulted the ministers for their opinions. Situ Yangbiao expressed his firm opposition, saying:
"In the past, Pan Geng moved five times, and Yin People complained, pretending to write three articles to know the people of the world." Now the sea is stable, moving the capital for no reason, fearing that the people will be alarmed, and the elk boiling ants will gather into chaos. ”
Yang Biao's words could not be clearer, when it is stable, it is not appropriate to move the capital, otherwise it will easily stimulate people's resentment.
Of course, Dong Zhuo would not listen, because he was like a cow, once a decision was made, no one could stop it.
Dong Zhuo said this to Yang Biao: Do you want to hinder the country's major events?
Before moving the capital, Dong Zhuo had luoyang city burned, excavated the tomb of the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and took out the treasures inside.
Such behavior is despised by the people of the world.
After moving the capital, Dong Zhuo was given the title of Taishi (太師) and was known as Shang Father (the father of Tianzi). Then he lived the life of an emperor: in and out of a golden car, the ministers saw him and worshipped him. In addition, he had people build a mansion for himself, named "GuoWu". As tall as Chang'an City, Guowu could hold grain for up to thirty years.
From then on, Dong Zhuo practiced torture, such as when someone betrayed him, he would cut off his hands and feet, or goug out his eyes, or cook them directly in a large cauldron. If the man is still not dead, kill him. The people present were all trembling, but Dong Zhuo talked and laughed freely, and his diet was the same.
A generation of tyrants Dong Zhuo, after all, is still dead!
I think Dong Zhuo never imagined that he would die at the hands of his righteous son Lü Bu. Thinking that when he was in the upper dynasty, when he was attacked by Wang Yunyi and others, he hurriedly shouted Lü Bu's name and wanted him to save himself.
Lü Bu simply said: I am under the emperor's edict and am about to capture you.
After saying that, Lü Bu killed Dong Zhuo with one sword.
After Dong Zhuo's death, his body was thrown into the street, and his appearance was really unbearable:
"Tyrannosa's corpse is in the cloth." Zhuo Su fertilizer, ointment flow soaked in the ground, grass for Dan. The corpse keeper thought it was a big fire, and in the middle of zhuo navel he thought it was a lamp, and the light was up to dan, such as the polar sun. ”
Those who flattered Dong Zhuo before they died were all imprisoned and executed.
"Man is inherently dead, or as heavy as Mount Tai, or as light as a feather."
This sentence is the most reasonable quote of the great historian Sima Qian.
Dong Zhuo's death was undoubtedly as light as a feather. Because when he died, almost no one sympathized with him.
Conclusion [Dong Zhuo, as a warlord during the Three Kingdoms period, was cruel and tyrannical, and even more had no organizational discipline to speak of. His tragic end was already doomed from the moment he rebelled and killed innocents indiscriminately. 】
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Notes by Pei Songzhi.
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