In ancient China's feudal and centralized rule system, which lasted for more than two thousand years, there were not many ways to maintain peace between countries. In addition to the "chennagong" that we are more familiar with, the most frequent occurrence in people's impressions is "peace and affinity", which is a way of maintaining diplomatic relations.
Although saying "peace and kiss" sounds like a feeling of "humiliation" in it, in fact, the results that can be produced by peace and kiss are still quite good. For example, the tang dynasty period we are going to talk about today about Princess Wencheng marrying Tubo and kissing her relatives has brought the period of peace between Tubo and the Tang Dynasty to nearly ten years.
Songzan Gampo, a person who wants to come to you who have a concern for history, should not feel strange, because whether it is the text that described Princess Wencheng's west out of Yumen Pass from elementary school, or the "Song Dynasty cadres" paragraph that became popular on the Internet later. Songtsen Gampo, the king of Tibet, has always been frequently present in our online life.
In fact, for Songtsen Gampo, the evaluation of him at all stages of history is quite uniform. This has also led to the fact that even now, Songtsan Gampo himself and his princesses Princess Chizun and Princess Wencheng are still sacred in the minds of tibetans. Among them, the most mythical one is the princess Wencheng.
According to legend, before Princess Wencheng married Tubo, Tang Taizong first tested the marriage proposal envoys sent by Songzan Gampo with the method of "six trial marriage envoys". After six tests, Tang Taizong nodded with satisfaction and agreed to the courtship of the Tubo king Songtsen Gampo.
Because in the eyes of the Tang Dynasty at that time, the Tubo region belonged to a typical "foreign land", if there was no cultural etiquette, Tang Taizong was also worried that his brother and niece would suffer after marrying. Fortunately, after Songtsen Gampo succeeded his father Lang Ri Zanzan on the throne of Tubo in 629 AD, he immediately began to imitate and study Tang culture, so that the humanistic atmosphere of Tubo was greatly improved in just a few years.
Moreover, in order to successfully marry back a Tang princess, the envoy sent by Songzan Gampo to the Tang Dynasty was not simple. The envoy's name was Lu Dongzan, and although there is no detailed record of him in the history books, it clearly states that Lu Dongzan was one of the four most powerful ministers during the reign of Songzan Gampo.
Thinking of it this way, Songzan Gampo has great respect for Han culture, and how can Lu Dongzan, who is a capable general, be a blank in his understanding of Han culture? The reason why Songzan Gampo, as the king of Tubo, was so eager to marry a Tang princess was that in addition to wanting Tubo and Tang to be closer to the state, there were also some selfish intentions belonging to him. The most important of these is actually to borrow the "tiger skin" of datang to suppress and deter various small groups within Tibet.
Because before Songtsen Gampo succeeded to the throne, Songtsan Gampo's father, Langzhi Zanzan, was killed by those small groups that were hidden. So much so that Songtsen Gampo, who was only twelve years old at the time, had to take over the throne in advance and become the new king of Tubo as a young man.
There are many such things as children becoming big brothers in China's ancient history, and the fate of every "child king" must not be said, and all friends already have the answer in their hearts. But Songtsen Gampo was lucky, and Langri's younger brother, Langi Ganzan, was devoted to the country and loyal. Since Songtsen Gampo succeeded to the throne, he has loyally guarded Songtsan Gampo and helped Songtsen Gampo deal with Tibetan affairs. It was precisely because of Kor's loyalty that the young Songtsen Gampo was able to spend that time and developed a strong interest in Han culture during that period of peace and stability.
After Marrying Tubo, Princess Wencheng was immediately crowned princess by Songtsen Gampo, and under the active promotion of Songzan Gampo, she was in love with Princess Chizun, who was already Princess Songzan Gampo at that time.
And Princess Wencheng did not live up to the care of Songzan Gampo and began to teach the people of Tubo a series of knowledge related to agriculture, such as the cultivation technology of the Central Plains. This move of Princess Wencheng completely won the support of the Tubo people, and at that time, there were even rumors that Princess Wencheng was compared to the embodiment of "Green Tara".
"Green Tara" is one of the highest and many bodhisattvas in Tibetan Buddhism, and its image is mostly based on the standard of "saving suffering and saving suffering", so later, Green Tara was also regarded by Buddhists as one of the many incarnations of Guanyin Bodhisattva. The claim that Princess Wencheng is the embodiment of "Green Tara" was not made up by later people, but was confirmed on the murals of those temples in Tibetan areas.
At that time, although Tubo guarded a large area of grassland, the people only had to live by herding, eating cattle and mutton and drinking cow and sheep milk like the nomads in the north, and they did not know what food crops such as wheat and rice were.
But the arrival of Princess Wencheng solved this phenomenon, although due to the Tibetan plateau, wheat, rice and other conventional crops are not easy to grow, but the clever Princess Wencheng still found a crop that can replace rice, and spread in most parts of Tibet. This crop, which is different from conventional crops, is what we now call barley.
Therefore, it is not unusual for Princess Wencheng, who taught the Tubo people the cultivation technique and changed the living habits of the Tubo people, so that the Tubo gradually moved from chaos to stability, and was regarded as the embodiment of the gods. After all, in ancient times, some emperors of some dynasties even crowned some deceased loyalists as gods.
Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, Princess Wencheng married to Tubo only ten years, Songzan Gampo died. Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gampo, who had been struggling to adjust their well-groomed Tubo, had a tendency to fall into chaos again. As soon as Emperor Gaozong of Tang, who succeeded Emperor Taizong of Tang, received the news of Songzan Gampo's death, he immediately worried about Princess Wencheng, who was far away from Tubo.
Therefore, after consulting with a group of ministers, Emperor Gaozong of Tang sent an edict to Tubo. In this edict, Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, clearly expressed his desire to take Princess Wencheng back to the dynasty.
Faced with a call from the Homeland Garden, Princess Wencheng rejected Li Zhi's wishes. Although the history books do not record how Princess Wencheng replied to Li Zhi, from Li Zhi's silence later, it is not difficult to read the reasons why Princess Wencheng was reluctant to return to the Tang Dynasty.
Because ten years have already allowed Princess Wencheng to truly integrate into the life of the Tibetan people. Although Songtsen Gampo originally changed many unique Tibetan folk customs for her, the Tibetan people are a complete nation after all, and the charm of their nationality cannot be hidden under any circumstances.
Coupled with the fact that Princess Wencheng made too many efforts to make the Tubo people live a better life, how could Princess Wencheng leave the Tubo people before seeing the results and return to the Tang Dynasty alone to enjoy the blessings of Qing?
Why didn't Princess Wencheng choose to return to the Tang Dynasty after Songzan Gampo left?
Princess Wencheng, who was close to her, after Songzan Gampo left, why would she prefer to live widowhood rather than return to the Tang Dynasty?
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