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The Statue of David, a masterpiece by Michelangelo in the Renaissance. I don't know if you've ever noticed a problem: David's "there" seems to be a little small... In fact, not only the Renaissance David statue, but also the statues of the ancient Greek period, the male Tintin is relatively small. Why? Are the tintins of ancient sculptures small?
David is like | Wikipedia
Let's look at the david statue again, just say small, how small is that? We may need a scale: I found the average height of Jews on a website called the Jewish Encyclopedia: 162 centimeters. This is also in line with the image of the short and shrewd Jewish businessman we see in film and television programs. Considering that the david statue reflects the age of David's classmates when they killed the giant Goliath (adolescence), David's height may be a little shorter, let's assume that it is 150 centimeters, which is equivalent to the average height of a modern 12-year-old boy. Considering how rich the nutrition that modern teenagers can take in, giving David a height of 150 centimeters is not low to be reasonable.
So proportionally, 150 cm tall David, how long is his little tintin? I did the math with ImageJ and it turned out to be less than 4 centimeters...
You might say that the portrait of David may just be an example, what if it's just Michelangelo's bad taste? One example does not mean that the little Tintins in ancient Greek sculptures were very small.
Why? The blogger of the art blog Howtotalkaboutarthistory thinks so:
First of all, the little tintin in these sculptures is in a relaxed state. In today's statistics, the median length of the relaxation state is about 8 centimeters, so it's not a lot worse (forced circle).
But in addition to the reasons for the relaxed state, the sculpture's small tintin is more likely due to aesthetic reasons. We know that aesthetics have always been thirty years of Hedong and thirty years of Hexi, women in the Tang Dynasty to be plump for beauty, to modern women are more weighty. The same goes for men. Today's culture seems to think of the great tintin as a symbol of masculinity, but in ancient times it was not. The well-known historian Kenneth Dove made this point in his History of Homosexuality in Greece:
Big Tintin is associated with many bad traits, such as dick brainlessness, fornication, and ugliness.
Relatively speaking, little Tintin may have become a virtue in ancient times. This view is vividly reflected in the Greek playwright Aristophanes' comedy Cloud. In the play, Aristophanes writes:
As long as you do what I say, as long as you care about these things, you will always have a shiny chest, bright skin, broad shoulders, a small tongue, strong hips, and a delicate penis. But if you follow him, your skin will become pale, your shoulders will narrow, your chest will shrink, your tongue will become larger, your hips will be narrow, and your penis will swell.
There is no doubt that an ideal Greek should have many good characteristics. Their brains are full of reason and intelligence, and their figure has certain requirements. He may still have a lot of sex, but that has nothing to do with his Tintin size. The ancient Greeks believed that smaller Tintins would allow them to better keep their minds calm and play the role of a great man.
The text carries the road, and so does the sculpture. The sculptures of the ancient Greeks were mostly used to portray positive figures and promote the ideals of the Greeks. Thus we understand the reason why the little Tintin of the figures in these sculptures is often not large: how could a noble Greek philosopher who was detached from low taste have such a dirty Babylon tower under his crotch?
Well, with that said, I'm afraid the Romans were not convinced.
Among the many gods of Roman culture, there was a divine god of erect penises named Fascinus. This incarnation of God in the human world is about an erect penis with wings—sometimes it has a tail, and the shape of the tail is like another erect penis.
This god looks a little unassuming, but he does a lot of things. It is one of the patron saints of the ancient Romans, in addition to its own job - to bless the fertility of male people, as the embodiment of male energy, in the beliefs of the ancient Romans, it also has many effects such as preventing villains and warding off evil spirits. At that time, people regarded the matter of "rising up" as being blessed by the magic of this god, otherwise why did some people not do it at a critical moment?
Speaking of which, you may think that we are talking a bit of "what"... In fact, from a etymological point of view, a word commonly used in English now, "Fascinate", is related to Fascinus. Fascinate is derived from the Latin Fascinum, which originally meant "to cast the magic of Fascinus", that is, the word "majestic" became synonymous with "fascinating" as the sun and moon traveled. And the trick that fascinates people is to borrow the power of the god Fasinus.
Another reason why people mistakenly think that tintin is bad is that it comes from the ancient Greek god Priapus who was cursed by Hera. In short, it is Hera who is jealous of Venus, who is better looking than herself, and curses Venus's child for being born very ugly and that Tintin will always be male. He was banished from heaven Olympus and raised by the fertile god Pan of the mortal masters.
Pan, a god with unique interests, is "playing games" with a goat.
Since then, this gifted, with such a clear symbolic meaning, Priapus has become the most abundant god in the minds of the Romans, and everyone has done their best to make works of art related to it, and asked him to protect the fertility of the land, the harvest of crops, and the prosperity of the family. In the days that followed, Priapus also inherited the functions of the god Phosinus as a defense against villains and ward off evil spirits.
In excavations in Pompeii, archaeologists have found hundreds of pieces of evidence of the worship of Fasinus and Priapus. Today, these artifacts are housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. In fact, for these collections, the museum staff is also a little shy. The artifacts remained so secretive in the museum's warehouses that they remained silent for 173 years, until 2000, when the collection was opened to the public, and it took the Italians a considerable amount of time to face the gods worshipped by their ancestors.
This is a Priapus wind chime excavated in Pompeii. Under each tintin, there was originally a bell hanging, and the wind blew through tintin, and the bell also made a crunching sound, how romantic.
If you're having fun in Italy, you can also buy a statue of Fasinus to bring back and proudly place it at home or send it to friends – to ward off evil spirits!
After all, Rome and Greece are only separated by a sea, why is there so much difference in the aesthetic of Tintin?
In a word, it is "not a family, not a door". Although ancient Rome and ancient Greece seem close to each other today, they were far enough to develop completely different cultures and aesthetics in that era of underdeveloped transportation. Just look at the process of the establishment of the two civilizations, you will find that Greece must be beautiful with tintin, and ancient Rome naturally gave birth to the culture of worshiping the god Tintin.
Simply put, the ancient Greeks were the result of a perennial interweaving of the Aegean peoples and The Indo-European invaders. "Greece" at that time was not a state in the modern sense, but many independent city-states. The origins of each city-state are different, and the development models are also different. But in general, a king is born first, and the king derives the nobility, and the nobles derive the ruling class. The most reliable city-state among them is Athens. They avoided the cycle of a dictator that must emerge in the ruling class, and gave birth to democracy, that is, a system ruled by the people.
Greek culture is often impressed by its ability to speak the Tao
In 776 BC, the independent Greek city-states gathered in Olympia for a games in which friendship came first and competitions second. The Greeks were really cohesive by the Games, taking the time of the Games as the era of the new era, and a relatively clear concept of "Greeks" was born among the participating city-states. The games, which competed by running and throwing discus rather than "white knives into red knives out," made the Greeks proudly see themselves as civilized, distinguishing them from the "barbarians" around them who did not speak Greek.
But one thing needs to be said that democracy in the eyes of the Greeks is very class-oriented. That is to say, although the state is ruled by the people, not every human being in the biological sense is a "people". The Greeks placed a lot of emphasis on the distinction between social classes, and if you travel back to Greece for a party, the guests could only be men, and the women on the scene were either slaves or prostitutes. Men's wives and daughters spend most of their time at home. But the Romans were different, and long before the "Romans" came to Rome, the natives of the Roman land, the Etruscans, advocated that women could also attend banquets and snuggle in the same recliner with their husbands. This kind of behavior is a symbol of "barbarism" in the eyes of the Greeks, and even in today's eyes, sexism may be a little more barbaric.
The Etruscans practiced a system of conjugal burial
As for Rome, who is Rome? Rome is the symbol of "empire", just as Caesar is the symbol of kings. Whether it was the Etruscans in this land or the Roman Empire that would later traverse the continent, they were very pragmatic people. In this country that constantly annexed other countries and integrated them into its own territory, there were both Gaules and Greeks, Egyptians, Africans and even Britons. Roman culture was so diverse that it was difficult to sort out a clear "chain of contempt." When a culture is extremely diverse, the Greek "let's play with ourselves" routine doesn't make sense, and people's values eventually tend to be simple: whose fist listens to whom.
Roman culture was often associated with the ability to fight for good
If you have not only a big fist, but also a hard life, congratulations, after you have retired from the Army in Rome (if you have not been promoted for some reason), the state will give you a considerable pension to buy and buy land. If you are a Roman provincial, you can also use this to "migrate your hukou" and become a Roman citizen, changing the lives of your children and grandchildren.
Greece and Rome had their own creations, and their attitudes toward male power were very different. The Greeks hold sports games and pay attention to the point. In other words, Tintin is not big, enough is enough. The Romans loved to see the killing and seeing the blood, and the undead were not called gladiatorial arenas. That is to say: the bigger Tintin, the better, you Tintin is small, and it is estimated that the fist is not strong on the battlefield. Thus, it is not surprising that Priapus, a god who was not popular in Greece, was transferred to Rome and was widely worshipped.
Of course, there is a final question here: since you Romans don't look up to Tintin's small people, then why do Roman imitations of Greek sculptures have many small Tintin people?
There are many reasons for this, and it is difficult to say a word. Although the Romans completely defeated Greece in 146 BC and annexed Greece as a Roman province, the cultural height of the Greeks was unmatched by the Romans who danced swords and guns. Thus, although Rome defeated Greece by force, when Greece's high-quality works of art were transported back to Rome as spoils of war, a wind of "hashes" blew up and down Rome, and everyone was proud of their family collection of Greek art. In order to catch up with the entrepreneurial outlet, local artists in Rome also frequently imitate Greek sculptures, at this time, in art, it is based on Greece, compared to who imitates the image.
Eventually, as the popular trend passed, Roman artists gradually "took bootlegs", so that imitation sculptures became more adapted to the aesthetics of roman natives, and eventually, the original students came out of the teacher, creating an ancient Roman art style comparable to ancient Greek art.
As for how Roman artists gradually moved from copycats to independent innovation, and how their old predecessors Greek art changed after being conquered, this is another story.
Author: Weng Xin/Buu
Edit: Mo
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