During the Republic of China period, there was a wave of female celibacy, especially in economically developed areas, a large proportion of women with a high degree of knowledge and culture, and later even some girls' schools were also influenced by ideological trends and many celibatic groups were established. For the pursuit of freedom and the demand for independent thought, some women began to declare their confrontation with the old tradition and the old society in a single posture.
Among these women, there were many outstanding women in the society at that time, with many suitors, but they took "celibacy" as the basis of their lives, put marriage aside, tried their best to do their own business, and finally, they established authorities in their fields, economic and spiritual independence, and truly free and independent people.
Wu Yifang (1893-1985)
Wu Yifang, born in Wuchang, Hubei Province, was born in Wuchang, Hubei Province, and previously studied at Hangzhou Hongdao Girls' School, Shanghai Qiming Girls' School and Suzhou Jinghai Girls' School. After that, she worked as an English teacher at the Beijing Women's Higher Normal School and other schools, and in 1916, as a special transfer student, Wu Yifang entered Jinling Women's University, becoming the first female college student in China.
After graduating in 1919, Wu Yifang once taught at the Beijing Women's High School and went to the University of Michigan in the United States in 1921 for further study. In 1928, Wu Yifang received a doctorate in biology from the University of Michigan, and was hired as the president of Jinling Women's University, the second female president of a university in China. Wu Yifang served as the president of Jinling University for 23 years, and she used "welfare" as the motto of Jinling Women's University, cultivating a large number of talents.
Wu Yifang later participated in the first four national suffrage meetings of the Nationalist government and became a member of the presidium together with Chiang Kai-shek. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, she also actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement and was called the "goddess of wisdom" by US President Roosevelt. In 1945, Wu Yifang, as China's non-partisan representative, participated in the United Nations Constituent Assembly, becoming the first woman to sign the Charter of the United Nations.
The Nationalist government had repeatedly intended to make Wu Yifang minister of education, but she refused, and the Kuomintang was defeated and retreated to Taiwan, and she also resolutely remained on the mainland. In 1949, Wu Yifang participated as a special representative at the first plenary session of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she served as the vice chairman of the Jinling University Council, the director of the Department of Education of Jiangsu Province, and the vice governor of Jiangsu Province, and died in 1985.
Wu Yifang has been engaged in education all her life, mostly working at Jinling Women's University, never married, and has never mentioned the reason for not getting married.
Lü Bicheng (1883-1943)
Lü Bicheng, a LanQing, Zi Shufu, Baolian resident, a native of Jingde County, Anhui Province, has many titles: "initiator of the feminist movement", "pioneer of women's education in China", "China's first animal protectionist", "the first female editor in the history of Chinese journalism", "China's first female writer", and is also known as "the last female lyricist in the past three hundred years".
Lü Bicheng was born in Shuxiang Mendi, his father Lü Fengqi had worked as a scholar in Shanxi, and after his father's death, the family property was occupied by the clan, so he had to go to his uncle Yan Fengsheng, who was the ambassador of the Salt Division. In his early years, Lü Bicheng had a marriage contract with the Wang family in the same village, and the Wang family had no good feelings for the Lü family in the middle of the family road, forcing Lü Bicheng's mother and daughter to withdraw from marriage.
In 1903, Lü Bicheng was reprimanded by her uncle for visiting a girls' school in Tianjin, and in her grief, she went out of the house and went to Tianjin to earn a living. In Tianjin, she was appreciated by the general manager of the Ta Kung Pao and entered the Ta Kung Pao as a trainee editor. After that, Lü Bicheng successively published various articles in the Ta Kung Pao to promote women's liberation and pursue freedom, and became famous in the literary circles at that time.
In addition to promoting women's rights, Lü Bicheng also actively ran schools, and she organized the Beiyang Women's Public School, later the Beiyang Women's Normal School, as the chief teacher. After the closure of the Beiyang Women's Public School, Lü Bicheng left his post for a time, and later he became the confidential secretary of Yuan Shikai's presidential office, because he was dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai's policies, he moved to Shanghai. During his time in Shanghai, Lü Bicheng turned to business, and in just two or three years, he accumulated a lot of wealth.
In 1918, Lü Bicheng went to the United States to study at Columbia University, and she also served as a special correspondent for the Shanghai Times. In 1926, Lü Bicheng began to roam Europe and the United States again, and wrote what he saw and heard as "European and American Roaming". In 1928, she joined the World Commission for the Protection of Animals. In 1930, the unmarried Lü Bicheng converted to Buddhism and was named "Manzhi". In 1943, Lü Bicheng died in Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Yang Yinyu (1884-1938)
Yang Yinyu, nicknamed Shenguan, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, was born in Shuxiangmendi and was the first university president in modern Chinese history.
In 1901, Yang Yinyu had arranged a marriage because of her parents, until the wedding night, only to find out that she was married to a low-energy child, dissatisfied with her marriage, and left her husband's family the next day and cut off contact with her husband's family. Since then, Yang Yinyu has vowed to be celibate and never marry for life.
In 1907, Yang Yinyu went to Japan to study at the Tokyo Higher Normal School. After returning to China, she was hired at the Second Girls' Normal School of Jiangsu Province as the director of academic affairs. In 1918, Yang Yinyu went to the United States again to study, studying at Columbia University. After returning to China, she taught in Shanghai.
In 1924, she was appointed president of the National Beijing Women's Normal University. During yang yinyu's tenure as principal, she maintained the authoritarian rule of the Beiyang government and adopted a feudal paternalistic and rough management method, which triggered the well-known female teacher university to "drive away Yang's wind", and even Lu Xun wrote an article attacking her at that time. Forced by public opinion, Yang Yinyu resigned as principal.
After that, Yang Yinyu taught at Suzhou Girls' Normal School, Soochow University, Suzhou Middle School and other schools. In 1937, when Suzhou fell, Yang Yinyu refused the appointment of the Japanese army and actively opposed the japanese army's behavior. In 1938, Yang Yinyu was killed by Japanese and pseudo agents, and proved his national integrity with heroic deeds.
Guan Lu (1907-1982)
Guan Lu, formerly known as Hu Shoulin,also known as Hu Lin, was born in Youyu County, Shanxi Province, and studied at the Shanghai Law School and the Department of Literature of Nanjing Central University. In 1930, he began to publish articles in various magazines, and the poem "Song on the Pacific Ocean" was well known to Shanghainese at that time, so it was well-known in the Shanghai literary circles.
Guan Lu had joined the Shanghai Women's Anti-Japanese and Anti-Imperialist Grand Alliance, joined the Communist Party of China in 1932, and was later sent by the organization to infiltrate the Headquarters of Wang Pseudo Secret Agent "No. 76" to engage in espionage work, because of the good work of concealment, she was often mistaken for a "traitor". After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, she was arranged to go to Dalian for recuperation, and later assigned to teach in the Literature Department of Northern Jiangsu Jianshe University.
In 1946, Guan Lu had a marriage with her lover Wang Bingnan, but because of his special status, he failed to do so. After the founding of new China, Guan Lu was imprisoned twice, and was not rehabilitated until 1982. She devoted her life to the cause of her faith and never married.
Lin Qiaozhi (1901-1983)
Lin Qiaozhi, a native of Gulangyu Island, Fujian Province, is one of the main pioneers and founders of Chinese obstetrics and gynecology, and is the first Director of obstetrics and gynecology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and is revered as "Mother of Ten Thousand Babies" and "Chinese Medical Virgin".
Lin Qiaozhi completed most of her studies in Xiamen, and she studied at Gulangyu Huairen School, Gulangyu Higher Women's Normal School, Xiamen Women's Normal College, and in 1921, she was admitted to Peking Union Medical College. In 1929, after obtaining his doctorate in medicine, he was hired as a doctor of obstetrics and gynecology at Union Hospital.
After 1932, Lin Qiaozhi was once sent to london obstetrics and gynecology hospital in England, Manchester Medical College, and university of Chicago medical school in the United States for further study. After returning to China in 1940, he was promoted to director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Lin Qiaozhi worked almost always at Union Hospital until 1956, when he became the president of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, China's first obstetrics and gynecology specialist hospital. Later, Lin Qiaozhi was affected for a time until his death in 1983.
When Lin Qiaozhi was hired as a doctor of obstetrics and gynecology at Union Hospital in 1929, there were harsh requirements on the letter of appointment, and anyone who married, became pregnant, and gave birth during the appointment period would be dismissed, but she still accepted these conditions and dedicated her life to the medical cause, never married, and would not regret it.
Sin Yuqing (1895-1965)
Xian Yuqing, a native of Xiqiao, Nanhai, Guangdong, born in Macao, the first female polymath in Lingnan, known as "No Scholar of Lingnan", "Talented Daughter of Lingnan", and even called her a female poet who "for thousands of years no one in Lingnan has been able to stand out from her right".
Sin studied at st. Stephen's Girls' School in Hong Kong, Lingnan University Secondary School, Lingnan University Chinese Department, and in 1924 he remained as an assistant professor in the Department of Chinese Literature at Lingnan University, and then as director of the Heritage Museum of Lingnan University until 1949. In 1956, she became the deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Museum of Culture and History until her death in 1965.
Xian Yuqing collected more than 10,000 books in her lifetime, and her personal writings were also rich, and she once said that in this life, she "took her career as her husband, her school as her family, and her students as her children", so she never married.
Zeng Zhaoyi (1909-1964)
Zeng Zhaoyi, a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, was the eldest great-granddaughter of Zeng Guofan's younger brother Zeng Guohuang and a prominent female museumian and archaeologist in China.
Zeng Zhaoyi studied in a private school in his early years, and later entered Changsha Yifang Girls' School and Nanjing Central University, and went to England to study in 1935 and obtained a master's degree. She then studied at the Graduate School of the University of Berlin, Germany. In 1937, she received a master's degree in archaeology from the Graduate School of London and later worked as an assistant professor of archaeology at the University of London.
In 1939, Zeng Zhaoyi returned to China to serve as a special design committee member of the Preparatory Department of the National Central Museum, after which she presided over the excavation of more ruins. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, she moved back to Nanjing with the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, and in 1949 the Kuomintang was defeated and retreated to Taiwan, and she firmly opposed the transportation of cultural relics to Taiwan.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zeng Zhaoyi served as the dean of the National Nanjing Museum, a professor of the History Department of Nanjing University, the deputy director of the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee, and the vice chairman of the Jiangsu Provincial Federation of Social Societies.
In her youth, Zeng Zhaoyi believed that Chinese women must have the same status as men, and after marriage, they would lose their independence and autonomy, and they would abandon their careers, so she decided not to marry, and sure enough, she never married.
Kong Lingjun (1919-1994)
Kong Lingjun, also known as Kong Lingwei, known as "Miss Kong Er", he has lived around Song Meiling for a long time, and because he likes male dress, he has developed an extremely willful personality. Kong Lingjun likes to pick things up since he was a child, and he is a character without wind and waves. She learned to shoot and drive at a very young age, and Song Meiling said that he was born with a bold personality, a girl and a man.
Song Meiling and Kong Lingjun have a very good relationship, and in 1945, when Song Meiling visited the United States, Kong Lingjun was the secretary of the entourage. Miss Kong Er was "fierce" at that time, driving in Nanjing in violation of traffic regulations, and even dared to kill the traffic police on the spot. In Chongqing, the jade belt guards blocked their car, and they actually drove it directly and crashed into it.
Kong Lingjun has always been my own way, no one dares to care, and she is not very concerned about her marriage, at that time, anecdotal rumors, she simply did not like men, and eventually Kong Lingjun was never married. Kong Lingjun died in Taipei in 1994 and was shipped to the United States for burial.
Zeng Baosun (1893-1978)
Zeng Baosun , also spelled Pingfang , alias Haoru , a native of Xiangxiang , Hunan Province , great-granddaughter of Zeng Guofan , is a well-known educator.
Zeng Baosun studied in her own private school in her early years, and then studied at Shanghai Wuben Girls' School and Hangzhou Provincial Women's Division, and the most influential thing about her life was that she later studied at the Church School of England run by the Anglican Church, Ms. Bong's Higher Girls' School, the principal of which, Ms. Ba Luyi, played a key role in the direction of her life.
In 1912, under the arrangement of Ms. BaLuyi, Zeng Baosun went to England to study science at Westfield College, University of London, and then she studied teacher education. After returning to China in 1918, Zeng Baosun actively organized a private Yifang Girls' School to recruit girls. During this period, she also served as the principal of Hunan Provincial First Girls' Normal School.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zeng Baosun once took refuge in Hong Kong, and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Changsha and restored the Yifang Girls' School. After 1949, Tsang moved to Hong Kong, and in 1951, Tsang went to Taiwan, where he died in Taipei in 1978.
Zeng Baosun devoted his life to education and never married.
Special writer of "Night Wolf Literature and History Studio": Chrysanthemum Tea
Chrysanthemum Tea, real name Zheng Liang, online name Chrysanthemum Tea 163, Tianya Sina Forum well-known historical writer, senior Three Kingdoms Control. He has published "On the Sword of Mount Hua", "History Is Originally Like This", "Thirteen Years of Jian'an in the Past of the Three Kingdoms over the Past Thousand Years", "The Life of Happiness and Vengeance", "The Disaster Rises against the Wall" and other anthologies.