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Introduction Li Shengduo (1859-1935), zi jiaowei, no. muzhai, nicknamed Shizi'an old master, Shi'an resident, etc., late name Ji Jiajushi, modern Jiangxi Dehua County (now Jiujiang), famous bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and early Min.
The "MuXixuan" collection is one of the three famous library buildings in the north of the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and has an extremely important position in the history of Chinese book collection. Li Shengduo, a politician and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, wrote a unique stroke in the history of Chinese book collection with his unique experience.
Li Shengduo was not only a great bibliophile, but also a lifelong master. And it's collation, versioning. Yuan Kewen and Fu Zengxiang all performed discipleships on him. When he was young, he collaborated with his father in compiling the "Wooden Rhinoceros Series" and "Continuation Engraving". Collecting and researching, Li Shi has compiled a variety of bibliographies for his collection: a manuscript of the Muxixuan Collection of Old Bibliographies, which contains more than 600 kinds of books. At present, the entire collection of "MuXixuan" is owned by the Peking University Library.
Generations of ancestors have collected books from "Mu XiXuan" to the peak of Li Shengduo's period
"Mu Xi Xuan" is the general hall number of Li Shengduo's family collection. It was built in the early years of Daoguang and built by Li Shengduo's great-grandfather Li Shu, and is located under the Lotus Peak in the Lushan Mountains of Tanjiapo, Jiujiang, Jiangxi. The collection of books in "Mu Xi Xuan" has been painstakingly collected by the Li family for generations, and li Shengduo's generation has made its collection reach a brilliant peak. The collection of books is more than 9,000 books and more than 58,000 volumes. With the increase of the collection of books and the promotion of his career, Li built a library building to classify and arrange the books. The names are Jianchu Hall, Ganlu Pavilion, Li Qing Pavilion, Gu Xin Pavilion, Lushan Li's Mountain House, the Two Jin And Six Dynasties Sui and Tang Dynasties Miao Mo Zhi Xuan, Yu Ying Guan, Yanchang Library, Fan Jiang Pavilion, Lu Jia Pavilion and so on. In his later years, the Tianjin residence was still named "Mu Xi Xuan".
Li Shengduo was a famous bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, who was proficient in the study of catalog schools. Therefore, the quality of its "MuXixuan" collection was much higher than that of other bibliophiles at that time. It is the most representative library building in the three major libraries in the north during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
"Mu Xi Xuan" inherits the excellent collection of Li Shengduo's great-grandfather, grandfather, father and four generations. His great-grandfather, Li Shu, authored books such as "The Family Training of Yijiatang" and "Folk Remedies". I like to collect books. The "Muxixuan" was built to make a library building with a collection of 100,000 volumes, which was later destroyed by the disaster of war.
His grandfather, Li Wenxiang, served as a classicist in kuiwenge and was in charge of the affairs of the court collection. Perennial supervision of the transport ship to run out. The family was rich, often providing relief to the poor, and had the name of a good man. He is the author of "Biography of Famous Monks of Lushan Mountain" and "Shen Yu Tang Shu Jun" and other books.
His father, Li Mingqi, wrote books such as "FuXiang Song Draft", "Fu Min Song Draft", and "Jin Zhai Ruler Calf". Li Mingqi not only likes to write books, but also likes to collect books and engrave books. Open an engraving workshop and publish a book. There are 26 kinds of "Fan Zi Collection", "Mu Xi Xuan Series" and 6 kinds of "Mu Xi Xuan Series Continuation". The collection of books has reached 100,000 volumes, and the old appearance of the "MuXixuan" collection has been restored. When Li Mingqi died in 1886, the heavy responsibility of his family fell to li Shengduo, the only male member of the family.
Li Shengduo was born in Tanjiapo, Dehua County (present-day Jiujiang), Jiangxi Province, to a wealthy eunuch family. Lee's uncle, Lee Ming-il, was a jebman who had been a jeertin and had been his role model. Li Shengduo read poetry from an early age, and in his childhood he liked novels, martial arts and arithmetic, and read a large number of martial arts and recluse books. When the young man was with his father in Hunan and Fujian, he began to buy ancient books at home and abroad. At the beginning of the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), he invested heavily in the introduction of more than a dozen foreign printing presses and opened a printing factory in the British Concession of Shanghai, named "Ying Ying Guan". The publications include the Zizhi Tongjian, the Sanxitang Fa Ti, the Duan Notes on the Interpretation of Texts, and so on. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he gave up the business of "Ying Ying Guan", entered Beijing to catch the examination, and was admitted to the Guangxu Ugly Section, and the Li family once again shined on the lintel. Since then, he has opened the door to his career.
There are rare ancient engravings of Buddhist classics in the collection, and in his later years he called himself a "layman"
Li Shengduo has been engaged in politics all his life, and the "MuXixuan" collection of books is closely related to the accumulation of books in four generations of his family. It is mainly divided into three parts: one part is his grandfather's collection; the other part is yuan fangying's Woxuelu collection that his father purchased in his early years; but the most important part is his life's collection of more than half a century. In total, there are more than 10,000 kinds. The content includes four subsets of the history of the classics, with many quantities, high quality and wide content.
From a young age, he liked to read and collect books. Frequent multi-party visits to books and ask for purchases. Keep buying books. I often buy books in the bookstore. Due to the social unrest in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, many famous private collections of books were scattered into the factory market. He smells old books sold and will be personally involved. At great expense. Because when the price of a good book is expensive, he has borrowed or let his children and nephews copy a cherished version, and has had the experience of having his children and relatives copy a book within three days. He also copied the original books to preserve their original appearance. Knowing that he loves to collect books, booksellers in the Beijing-Tianjin area often come to the door to recommend books. Gradually enriched its collection of books.
There are more than 180 kinds of Song Ben and more than 50 kinds of Yuan Ben in the collection of Mu XiXuan. There are more than 1400 kinds of Ming periodicals. There are many famous books from Yuan's Woxuelou, Shangqiu Song's, Qufu Kong's, Liaocheng Yang's, Yiyuan Sheng's, Ningbo's Fan's, Siming Lu's, Baling's Fang's and many other famous artists. There are quite a few Song and Yuan old limes. It has a special place in the history of editions and printing. The Song Dynasty includes: the earliest edition of the Southern Song Dynasty Liangzhe East Road Tea Salt Division Inscription "Zhou Li Zhu Shu"; the Southern Song Dynasty Pseudo-Kong Chuan's earliest large-character "Book of Shang"; the Southern Song Dynasty Jianyang Carved Book of "Historical Records", the Southern Song Dynasty Jianyang Liu Zhiqing Inscribed Book of Han, the Southern Song Dynasty Jian'an Huang Shanfu Edition "Later Han Book", the Song Jiadingtingzhou Inscribed "Mathematical Records", "Five Cao Suanjing", "Outer Terrace Secret Recipe", "Typhoid Fever Commentary", "World Medicine To Achieve Effectiveness", as well as the Song Ben "Ritual Record Justice", "Tang LiuDian", "Saying Garden", "Taiping Royal Records", "Taiping Imperial Records", " Yuan Gui of the Book of Records", "Meng Dongye Poetry Collection", "Meng Haoran Collection", "Valley Encyclopedia", "Analects" and so on.
The YuanBen has the engraving of the Yuansha Academy in the seventh year of Yanyou, "Mr. Shantang Qunshu Kaoso", "Yong class plutonium fang", "Sun Zhenren urgent preparation of thousand gold fang" and so on.
The Ming Dynasty edition of the Wang's Pulse Sutra and the New Edition of the Tongren Acupuncture Sutra were published; the Chongzhen Almanac was originally "Hun Tianyi Theory". All are rare rare books and secret books, covering a wealth of books, which can supplement the "Four Books of Inventory", among which there are many forbidden books of the Qing Dynasty.
In his collection, there are also rare ancient inscriptions of Buddhist classics, such as the Great Treasure of the Eastern Zen Monastery of the Northern Song Dynasty; the Pilu Great Treasure; the Sixi Yuanjue Collection; the Debt Sand Collection; and the Southern Tibet, Northern Tibet, and Jingshan Collection of the Ming Dynasty. For example, the Northern Song Dynasty edition of the "Dafang Guangfo Hua Yan Sutra" and the "Great Nirvana Sutra Later Divisions" of the Song edition "Buddha Says You Fill the King Sutra", "The Sutra Asked by the Elder Son of Debate", and "The Sutra of The Divine Transformation of the True Words of the Immortals"; the Yuan edition of the "Buddha Says the Highest Fundamental Great Joy Vajrayogini Sutra of the Great Sect of The Great Sect of The Buddha". The study of the historiography of religion can be used as a reference. After the death of his mother, Li Shengduo served filial piety at the Guiyuan Temple in Wuchang and studied Buddhist classics such as the Great Tibetan Sutra, so in his later years he also called himself a layman.
Stranded in many ancient books of Japan and South Korea, he returned to the west in his original appearance
As early as his youth, Li Shengduo met the Japanese Kishida Yinxiang when he was with his father on the post of inspector in Hunan, and began to buy overseas ancient books. Later, when he was on a mission to Japan, he obtained the help of the Japanese bibliographer Shimada Han and purchased a variety of Japanese ancient engravings, ancient movable scripts, old manuscripts, and Korean ancient engravings, totaling 1110 and 5840 volumes. It accounts for about one-ninth of Lee's collection. Most of them are doctors and interpreters. The contents include the Song and Yuan texts that were transmitted to Japan; the local versions of Japan and Goryeo, etc., and they are all rare books in China and are very precious. For example, the 100 volumes of the Japanese Edo Period Shadow Song Codex "Taiping Shenghuifang", the Song Ben "Medical Sayings", the Japanese Scroll (Song) Ben's "Yang Family Collection", "Wei Family Collection", "Health Maintenance", "Food Prohibition", "Children's Formula" and so on. It can be seen that its quality is so high.
The Bronze Movable Type Book of the Seventh Year of the Japanese Yuanhe (Tomorrow Kaiyuan) is the official book of the Japanese Emperor Go-Mizuo and the book of the domestic Kuo. The movable-type version of the Title Sentence Interpretation of Confucius's Language in the Fourth Year of The Keicho Period of Japan (1601), which was printed by the Tokugawa Ieyasu clan of Japan according to the first year of the Yuantai Ding Cangyan Academy, followed by the "New Publication of The Chronicle of The Soil" and the "Sacred Dynasty General Confucius Temple", which are rare. The "Five Hundred Houses of the Famous Sages of the Holy Song Dynasty" typeset by Emperor Zhongzong of Joseon in yihai characters; the Korean copper movable type "GeZai Geng Yun Tang Xian Poems" in the Ming Dynasty, which were plundered by Toyotomi Hideyoshi after the invasion of Korea, are evidenced by the japanese "Yang'an-in" collection; these are also rare books in China, which shows the original appearance of their collections.
In Japan, he also funded the printing of rare copies: the four-year reproduction of Song Yuezhou's "Shang Shu Zhengyi" in Japan. Fill in the lost books in the country. These Japanese and Korean ancient texts can be used to study the relationship between China, Japan and Korea.
The above is his objective contribution to the return of ancient books to enrich his personal collection. So that china's ancient books stranded in Japan and Korea can return to the original appearance of the homeland, Jiahui scholars, and make up for the shortcomings of the original text in China, and can proofread long-standing errors, and have contributed to the collation and surveying of ancient documents.
(References: "Mu XiXuan" - The Beginning and End of Li Shengduo's Collection", "A Brief Discussion on The Merits and Demerits of Li Shengduo in the Collection of Ancient Books", published in the Journal of Ancient Book Collation and Research)