Yunnan Xiangyun: Beautiful butterfly changes from "dry dam" to "oasis"

Xiangyun, Yunnan Province, is located in the Jinsha River Basin and the Red River Basin watershed, the terrain is higher than the four neighbors, like bowls, runoff overflowing, springs, rivers are very few, mostly seasonal rivers, the main and tributaries are not obviously distinguished, summer and autumn water rises, winter and spring flow, water resources are very scarce, the annual rainfall is small, is a famous dry dam in Yunnan Province, the old arid area, belongs to the province's water resources are extremely poor areas.

Water is the main bottleneck restricting The economic and social development of Xiangyun, "water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture", Xiangyun successive county party committees and governments have always taken the solution of engineering water shortage, resource shortage and water quality shortage as the goal, united and led the people of all ethnic groups in the county, carried forward the spirit of perseverance and hard struggle, and built water conservancy in a big way, realizing the water conservancy infrastructure from 1.9 million cubic meters of muddy water sea reservoir in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and 2104 other small dams and ponds with a total storage capacity of 17.8 million cubic meters. With an effective irrigation area of 23,700 mu, the county has built a total of 7 medium-sized reservoirs, 11 small (one) reservoirs, 304 small (second) type reservoirs, 2,031 small dam ponds, 3,606 pools, 47,903 water cellars, 263 pumping stations, 6,462 mechanical and electrical wells, 48,182 man-made wells, and 4,611 kilometers of anti-seepage channels.

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Xiangyun County invested 2.418 billion yuan in water conservancy construction funds, built a number of people's heart projects that benefit the people's livelihood and the long term, added 12,150 mu of irrigation area, improved irrigation area of 99,080 mu, added 16,963,400 cubic meters of water storage capacity, and added 34.882 million cubic meters of water supply capacity. Up to now, the total controlled water volume of water conservancy facilities in the county has reached 232 million cubic meters, the annual water supply has reached 142 million cubic meters, the effective irrigation area has reached 301,900 mu, the production and living water conditions of the masses have been significantly improved, and the county's disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities have been comprehensively improved.

Vigorous implementation of water source engineering construction is an important way to solve the lack of water resources in Xiangyun, since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", a number of water source projects and cross-regional, cross-basin water transfer projects have been built, the county's water supply guarantee system has been greatly improved, and the water supply capacity has been further enhanced.

Xiangyun County's altitude difference is huge, the topography of the high canyon land, the dry and wet climate, the uneven distribution of rainfall in time and space, drought and flood disasters often appear interlaced, drought is more than flood, "drought is a large area, flood disaster a line" is the true portrayal of drought and flood disasters in China. The 70-year history of construction and development of Xiangyun Water Conservancy is actually the 70-year history of water management and water rejuvenation. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Xiangyun increased investment in water conservancy, while consolidating flood prevention responsibilities, building a comprehensive defense network, and continuously improving the disaster prevention and reduction system. In 2016, it invested 10.5457 million yuan to further increase the intensity of river management, implemented the Xincun River Flash Flood Control Project, and treated the length of the river channel by 6.01 kilometers; in 2019, it invested 29.7993 million yuan to implement the treatment project of the Liuchang Town Section of the Middle River, which treated the length of the river 10.08 kilometers, protected 29,600 mu of farmland by flood prevention, and protected the population by flood control by 13,100 people, effectively ensuring the safety of river floods and the safety of people's lives and property.

At the same time, it has implemented the reinforcement of reservoirs with disease risks, completed the reinforcement projects of 162 small (two)-type disease risk reservoirs in weak links after the disaster, eliminated the hidden dangers of the reservoir safety, and improved the ability to operate safely; grasped the flood prevention and flood control, rationally allocated water sources, and scientifically coped with flood and drought disasters; taken multiple measures at the same time to further consolidate the rural water conservancy infrastructure; implemented the high-efficiency water-saving irrigation project, and the masses gradually used the "field tap water" to solve the problems of seasonal water supply, large water transmission losses, and high water supply costs in the Water Supply of the Xiangyun Channel Continue to promote the construction of large-scale irrigation projects, renovate channels with a length of 20.6 kilometers, 73 supporting buildings, and save 2,129,600 cubic meters of water per year; implement the rectification of reservoirs and dams, start and complete 162 projects for the reinforcement of small disease-risk reservoirs in weak links after the disaster, improve the irrigation area by 19,100 mu, and add 4,123,000 cubic meters of new annual water supply capacity.

Xiangyun County fully realizes that water is one of the most important controlling elements of the ecological environment, water ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization, always adheres to and practices the ecological concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", closely focuses on water and soil conservation, water ecological engineering, river (lake) length system and other work, focuses on promoting the construction of water ecological civilization, and consolidates the water conservancy foundation of livable Xiangyun and Yiye Xiangyun. Pay close attention to soil and water conservation, invest more than 249 million yuan, and complete the control of soil erosion in an area of 16,680 hectares. At the same time, vigorously implement ecological projects, Qinghai Lake is revitalized, showing beautiful water landscapes and water ecological environment, and driving the development of agriculture, commerce, transportation and service industries. Strengthen the daily management of water source projects, ban fishery breeding in reservoirs of small (two) or more types, and comprehensively improve the water quality of reservoirs; vigorously promote the work of the river (lake) length system, establish a four-level river (lake) length system of counties, townships, villages, and groups, set up 818 river (lake) lengths, and steadily and orderly advance the work of the river (lake) length system in the county, the results are gradually emerging, the water ecological environment is constantly improving, and the beautiful scenery of rivers and lakes and reservoirs and canals is gradually taking shape.

Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", Xiangyun County has effectively done a good job in the preliminary planning of rural safe drinking water projects, increased capital investment, and invested more than 109.5 million yuan in the construction of rural drinking water safety consolidation and improvement projects, benefiting 224,356 people. Through the implementation of rural drinking water safety and consolidation and upgrading projects, according to local conditions to take measures such as blocking surface water, appropriate exploitation of groundwater, and storage, introduction, and lifting, a large number of drinking water projects have been built, and there are 267 centralized water supply projects in rural areas in the county, so as to achieve the safety and security of drinking water for 482781 people in the county, and the county's administrative villages have access to tap water, the centralized water supply rate is 99.49%, the tap water penetration rate is 99.49%, the water supply guarantee rate is 95%, and the per capita daily water supply is greater than 35 liters. And the water intake radius is less than 800 meters, the water intake round-trip time is less than 20 minutes, the water quality monitoring is fully covered, and the water quality is up to standard.

Based on reality, Xiangyun adheres to the development of water quantity, fixing the city with water, fixing production and fixing people, and taking the project as the support, and strives to solve the problem of water shortage of 180 million square meters after the construction of a city with a population of 1 million people, a total economic output value of 100 billion yuan and a "regional industrial economic center city", and strives to solve the water resources constraint. Adhere to the principle of open source and throttling expenditure, raise the level of rainwater storage in the region, increase the intensity of water diversion in other areas, improve the utilization rate of reclaimed water, and solve the problem of water shortage in multiple ways; strengthen the management of agricultural water use, accelerate the integration of safe drinking water in urban and rural areas, improve the utilization rate of water resources, and improve the quality of life of the masses; in promoting water ecology, combine water management with mountain management, forest management, and field management, combine engineering measures with non-engineering measures, vigorously promote the construction of water ecological civilization, and coordinate the solution of water resources, water environment, water ecology, and water disasters Accelerate the pace of smart water conservancy construction, promote digital monitoring and early warning, prediction and forecasting and remote control of hydrological water resources in important rivers and lakes, and strive to improve the digitization and intelligent scheduling capabilities and efficient utilization of water resources in the county.

Through years of investment and construction, the former dry dam has now become an ecological hometown of "melons, fruits and vegetables fragrant dam, rice and flowers fragrant in the good year", and the dream of "dry dam becoming an oasis" dreamed of by the xiangyun people has become a reality. Xiangyun County Water Conservancy Development "14th Five-Year Plan" project library from flood control, water supply, water ecology and informatization projects a total of 4 categories of 18 small items, a total of 245 planned projects, a total investment of 26.17 billion yuan, "14th Five-Year Plan" period investment of 11.7 billion yuan.

This year is the beginning of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", Xiangyun will focus on the new starting point of water conservancy development in the new era, conscientiously implement the new era water conservancy work policy of "water conservation priority, spatial balance, system governance, and two-handed force", practice the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", grasp the preliminary work of the project, accelerate the progress of project construction, implement smart water conservancy, strengthen water environmental protection, strengthen project operation management, continue to write the new glory of Xiangyun water conservancy undertakings, and provide strong water conservancy support for Xiangyun to build a "regional industrial center city". (Reporter Zheng Yi Correspondent Chen Yingguo)