Written by | Zhao Libo
In the early years of the Wanli Calendar, Zhang Juzheng promoted a man named Li Chengliang as an imperial master and the first assistant of the cabinet, thus laying the groundwork for the ming dynasty and Qingxing. The so-called "unique awards to pull out the beams are more than the marshals, and the beams are also self-striving." This is an important appointment and dismissal figure that Zhang Juzheng gave to Daming in his later years, and from many angles, it was This Li Chengliang, who was promoted by Zhang Juzheng, finally connived with Nurhaci and began to attack Daming.
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At the beginning, Li Chengliang was very effective in the wars near Liaozuo, including the Battle of Wang Wutang in the eighth year of the Wanli Calendar, which made his authority increasingly important, coupled with the strict management of the army, which was deeply relied on by the high-level of Daming.
However, there was a lot of controversy behind it, and even Yushi impeached him for "asking for merit and reward", but the new cabinet head assistant Shen Shixing was also quite important to him, and repeatedly interceded for him, believing that "the nine-sided official zhongyong and li chengliang are the most, for several years, no years, no war, no day, no defense, can be described as exhaustive efforts."
There are people in the DPRK who are good officials, and this sentence is most appropriate for Li Chengliang.
Li Chengliang (李成梁), courtesy name Ruqi (汝器), spent thirty years defending Liaodong for thirty years, and his official was the chief soldier, and he was knighted to Fengbo, and people at that time thought that he was "the grandeur of martial arts, and no one in the Ming Dynasty for more than two hundred years could compare." However, from the perspective of double re-examination of history, in addition to the controversy, he also single-handedly contributed to the rise of Nurhaci, which can be called the key promoter of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.
Portrait of Li Chengliang
The "History of Ming" gives a brief description of Li Chengliang's origins and origins, believing that he was a fallen disciple and counterattacked: "Chengliang Yingyi Xiaojian, a great general, a poor family, unable to attack his post, forty years old is still a life." Inspectors of the Imperial History, capital into the capital, but to attack. Ji Gong is a general of the Liaodong Dangerous Mountain. ”
In addition, after he met the nobleman, he began a magnificent life, especially the "History of Ming" so high-profile description of him: "Chengliang Town Liao twenty-two years, successively played the great victory of the ten, the emperor sacrificed to the suburban temple, by the court congratulations, python clothes golden age gifts thick stacked." The grandeur of Bian Shuai's martial arts has not been seen in two hundred years. "I often wonder why the Qing Dynasty wrote the History of the Ming Dynasty gave him such a high evaluation, was it because of his close relationship and promotion with Nurhaci that the Qing Dynasty had a special affection for him across time and space?
Perhaps Li Chengliang's military merits have been exaggerated by the authorities, or have been continuously over-elevated, coupled with his personal style has always had some problems, so that the criticism of him has not stopped, and when several cabinet chief assistants who supported him have fallen behind the scenes, he has "lost his inner master and resigned." ”
However, most of the successors since then have been more mediocre in ability, and most of the problems have appeared in the problem of excessive reporting of military salaries, and it can be known that at this time, the Ming army has a serious problem tendency.
Fate had not yet abandoned Li Chengliang, and in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli Calendar, when the Liaodong general Ma Lin was defeated, the first assistant of the cabinet took the opportunity to recommend Li Chengliang's comeback to the emperor again, believing that he was "old and still a general." Although Li Chengliang was nagging and recounting his past experiences of suffering: "Forty-one years of submission to the official, more than 100 battles with his own relatives, knife marks and arrows, and mutilations all over his body." Catching up with the rain on a cloudy day, the old disease recurs, so "you can't stand on a horse with bones and then take the salt cart." The Wanli Emperor said with some consolation that "sorrow is not allowed", so the seventy-six-year-old Li Chengliang came out of the mountain again.
However, this time out of the mountain eventually pushed Daming to the cliff.
In addition to other wars or strategic deployments, these are not the most serious things, and the real harm is that with his connivance, Nurhaci rose strongly and eventually became a key historical turning point.
Nurhaci
The Ming Dynasty initially practiced the strategy of "divide and rule" for female truth, and then found powerful figures to control, and It was in this context that Li Chengliang made Nurhaci suddenly grow bigger, so that a few years later he launched the "Seven Great Hatreds" against Daming.
Li Chengliang defended Liaodong for the second time, and Nurhaci had completed the unification of the various departments of the prefecture and began to attack the Haixi region with the main force; Li Chengliang not only did not recognize the threat, but retreated step by step; before that, he had a fairly close relationship with Nurhaci and accepted a large amount of bribes, and even at that time there was such a rumor: "Zeng Nanusu'er Hachi was a concubine, and he saw the birth of a third son, and so far there is a slave chieftain's son-in-law as the town guard, and it is unknown who has fallen into Liaodong's hands." Although it is a public opinion that cannot withstand scrutiny, it can at least reflect the degree of Relationship between Li Chengliang and Nurhaci.
Money is humble
Many years later, Qian Qianyi spoke highly of him, believing that he was "a famous father and son of Ningyuan Bo Li Chengliang, a son of the family, and a brave warrior." Thieves descend to the hybrids, go in and out of the border, have a light heart in China, and fear Li's ears alone. Qian Qianyi was a famous "second minister" in the Qing Dynasty, and in the end he ended up with the Eight Precepts of the Pig looking in the mirror and not being human, and he went to evaluate Li Chengliang, but it was worth playing.