uboot nand flash 啟動 流程
1、initr_nand
首先在board_r.c中,initr_nand函數正式進入nand flash的初始化等操作。
static int initr_nand(void)
{
puts("NAND: ");
nand_init();
return 0;
}
2、nand_init
之後進入nand_init函數,該函數位于drivers\mtd\nand檔案中的nand.c檔案中,由于CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT未定義,是以後續調用nand_init_chip函數。
void nand_init(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT//未定義
board_nand_init();
#else
int i;
for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE; i++)//初始化闆上nand flash
nand_init_chip(i);
#endif
printf("%lu MiB\n", total_nand_size / 1024);
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELECT_DEVICE
/*
* Select the chip in the board/cpu specific driver
*/
board_nand_select_device(nand_info[nand_curr_device].priv, nand_curr_device);
#endif
}
3、nand_init_chip
而nand_init_chip同樣位于drivers\mtd\nand檔案中的nand.c檔案中,該函數調用初始化函數,給mtd和nand兩個結構體指派,首先調用board_nand_init函數
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT
static void nand_init_chip(int i)
{
struct mtd_info *mtd = &nand_info[i];//該結構體位于\include\linux\mtd檔案中的mtd.h檔案中
struct nand_chip *nand = &nand_chip[i];//該結構體位于\include\linux\mtd檔案中的nand.h檔案中
ulong base_addr = base_address[i];
int maxchips = CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS;
if (maxchips < 1)
maxchips = 1;
mtd->priv = nand;
nand->IO_ADDR_R = nand->IO_ADDR_W = (void __iomem *)base_addr;
if (board_nand_init(nand))
return;
if (nand_scan(mtd, maxchips))
return;
nand_register(i);
}
#endif
4.1、board_nand_init
函數主要初始化開發闆相關與nand_flash的寄存器,和綁定nand_chip結構體中的調用函數,由于不同開發闆調用函數不同,是以該函數内部指派會不一樣,本次使用的是NXP MX6ULL開發闆,調用的是mxs_nand.c中的函數,其中關于帶有ECC的讀寫函數和ECC的模式,**這裡使用的是硬體自帶ECC,每512位元組需要9位元組的ECC資料,最大可糾正8bit資料。**而不同的flash,會規定不同的nand flash ECC,這裡規定每最少需要糾正4bit資料,需要用512Byte資料+4Byte備用資料和8位元組奇偶校驗資料。是以uboot中的ECC符合nand flash 最低ECC 标準。
int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
{
struct mxs_nand_info *nand_info;
int err;
nand_info = malloc(sizeof(struct mxs_nand_info));
if (!nand_info) {
printf("MXS NAND: Failed to allocate private data\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
memset(nand_info, 0, sizeof(struct mxs_nand_info));
err = mxs_nand_alloc_buffers(nand_info);
if (err)
goto err1;
err = mxs_nand_init(nand_info);
if (err)
goto err2;
memset(&fake_ecc_layout, 0, sizeof(fake_ecc_layout));
nand->priv = nand_info;
nand->options |= NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE;
nand->cmd_ctrl = mxs_nand_cmd_ctrl;
nand->dev_ready = mxs_nand_device_ready;
nand->select_chip = mxs_nand_select_chip;
nand->block_bad = mxs_nand_block_bad;
nand->scan_bbt = mxs_nand_scan_bbt;
nand->read_byte = mxs_nand_read_byte;
nand->read_buf = mxs_nand_read_buf;
nand->write_buf = mxs_nand_write_buf;
nand->ecc.read_page = mxs_nand_ecc_read_page;
nand->ecc.write_page = mxs_nand_ecc_write_page;
nand->ecc.read_oob = mxs_nand_ecc_read_oob;
nand->ecc.write_oob = mxs_nand_ecc_write_oob;
nand->ecc.layout = &fake_ecc_layout;
nand->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_HW;
nand->ecc.bytes = 9;
nand->ecc.size = 512;
nand->ecc.strength = 8;
return 0;
err2:
free(nand_info->data_buf);
free(nand_info->cmd_buf);
err1:
free(nand_info);
return err;
}
4.1.1 mxs_nand_init
其中mxs_nand_init主要配置nand flash相關的硬體寄存器,GMPI和BCH寄存器。
int mxs_nand_init(struct mxs_nand_info *info)
{
struct mxs_gpmi_regs *gpmi_regs =
(struct mxs_gpmi_regs *)MXS_GPMI_BASE;
struct mxs_bch_regs *bch_regs =
(struct mxs_bch_regs *)MXS_BCH_BASE;
int i = 0, j, ret = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_MX6
if (check_module_fused(MX6_MODULE_GPMI)) {
printf("NAND [email protected]%x is fused, disable it\n", MXS_GPMI_BASE);
return -EPERM;
}
#endif
info->desc = malloc(sizeof(struct mxs_dma_desc *) *
MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT); //MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT = 4
if (!info->desc) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err1;
}
/* Allocate the DMA descriptors. */
for (i = 0; i < MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT; i++) {
info->desc[i] = mxs_dma_desc_alloc();
if (!info->desc[i]) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err2;
}
}
/* Init the DMA controller. */
for (j = MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI0;
j <= MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI7; j++) {
ret = mxs_dma_init_channel(j);
if (ret)
goto err3;
}
/* Reset the GPMI block. */
mxs_reset_block(&gpmi_regs->hw_gpmi_ctrl0_reg);
mxs_reset_block(&bch_regs->hw_bch_ctrl_reg);
/*
* Choose NAND mode, set IRQ polarity, disable write protection and
* select BCH ECC.
*/
//設定GPMI_CTRL1n寄存器
clrsetbits_le32(&gpmi_regs->hw_gpmi_ctrl1,
GPMI_CTRL1_GPMI_MODE,
GPMI_CTRL1_ATA_IRQRDY_POLARITY | GPMI_CTRL1_DEV_RESET |
GPMI_CTRL1_BCH_MODE);
return 0;
err3:
for (--j; j >= MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI0; j--)
mxs_dma_release(j);
err2:
for (--i; i >= 0; i--)
mxs_dma_desc_free(info->desc[i]);
free(info->desc);
err1:
if (ret == -ENOMEM)
printf("MXS NAND: Unable to allocate DMA descriptors\n");
return ret;
}
4.2 nand_init_chip
函數中還有nand_scan函數,掃描NAND裝置,讀取flash ID,并在mtd_info結構中填充相關的值。
int nand_scan(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips)
{
int ret;
/* Many callers got this wrong, so check for it for a while... */
if (!mtd->owner && caller_is_module()) {
pr_crit("%s called with NULL mtd->owner!\n", __func__);
BUG();
}
ret = nand_scan_ident(mtd, maxchips, NULL);
if (!ret)
ret = nand_scan_tail(mtd);
return ret;
}
4.2.1 nand_scan_ident
函數就是具體實施read id和設定MTD結構體
int nand_scan_ident(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips,
struct nand_flash_dev *table)
{
int i, nand_maf_id, nand_dev_id;
struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
struct nand_flash_dev *type;
/* Set the default functions */
nand_set_defaults(chip, chip->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16);//如果nand chip結構體沒有指派,設定為預設值
/* Read the flash type */
type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, &nand_maf_id,
&nand_dev_id, table); //read id 确認flash 類型
if (IS_ERR(type)) {
if (!(chip->options & NAND_SCAN_SILENT_NODEV))
pr_warn("No NAND device found\n");
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
return PTR_ERR(type);
}
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
//再次确認ID
/* Check for a chip array */
for (i = 1; i < maxchips; i++) {
chip->select_chip(mtd, i);
/* See comment in nand_get_flash_type for reset */
chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_RESET, -1, -1);
/* Send the command for reading device ID */
chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
/* Read manufacturer and device IDs */
if (nand_maf_id != chip->read_byte(mtd) ||
nand_dev_id != chip->read_byte(mtd)) {
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
break;
}
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
}
#ifdef DEBUG
if (i > 1)
pr_info("%d chips detected\n", i);
#endif
/* Store the number of chips and calc total size for mtd */
chip->numchips = i;
mtd->size = i * chip->chipsize;
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_scan_ident);
4.2.2 nand_scan_tail
函數就是初始化oob區、ecc校驗相關參數和函數指針、初始化MTD驅動接口函數、調用nand_bbt()建立壞塊表。
/**
* nand_scan_tail - [NAND Interface] Scan for the NAND device
* @mtd: MTD device structure
*
* This is the second phase of the normal nand_scan() function. It fills out
* all the uninitialized function pointers with the defaults and scans for a
* bad block table if appropriate.
*/
int nand_scan_tail(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
int i;
struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
struct nand_ecc_ctrl *ecc = &chip->ecc;
struct nand_buffers *nbuf;
/* New bad blocks should be marked in OOB, flash-based BBT, or both */
BUG_ON((chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB_BBM) &&
!(chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH));
if (!(chip->options & NAND_OWN_BUFFERS)) {
nbuf = kzalloc(sizeof(struct nand_buffers), GFP_KERNEL);
chip->buffers = nbuf;
} else {
if (!chip->buffers)
return -ENOMEM;
}
/* Set the internal oob buffer location, just after the page data */
chip->oob_poi = chip->buffers->databuf + mtd->writesize;
/*
* If no default placement scheme is given, select an appropriate one.
*/
if (!ecc->layout && (ecc->mode != NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH)) {
switch (mtd->oobsize) {
case 8:
ecc->layout = &nand_oob_8;
break;
case 16:
ecc->layout = &nand_oob_16;
break;
case 64:
ecc->layout = &nand_oob_64;
break;
case 128:
ecc->layout = &nand_oob_128;
break;
default:
pr_warn("No oob scheme defined for oobsize %d\n",
mtd->oobsize);
BUG();
}
}
if (!chip->write_page)
chip->write_page = nand_write_page;
/*
* Check ECC mode, default to software if 3byte/512byte hardware ECC is
* selected and we have 256 byte pagesize fallback to software ECC
*/
switch (ecc->mode) {
case NAND_ECC_HW_OOB_FIRST:
/* Similar to NAND_ECC_HW, but a separate read_page handle */
if (!ecc->calculate || !ecc->correct || !ecc->hwctl) {
pr_warn("No ECC functions supplied; hardware ECC not possible\n");
BUG();
}
if (!ecc->read_page)
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_hwecc_oob_first;
case NAND_ECC_HW:
/* Use standard hwecc read page function? */
if (!ecc->read_page)
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_hwecc;
if (!ecc->write_page)
ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_hwecc;
if (!ecc->read_page_raw)
ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
if (!ecc->write_page_raw)
ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
if (!ecc->read_oob)
ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
if (!ecc->write_oob)
ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
if (!ecc->read_subpage)
ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
if (!ecc->write_subpage)
ecc->write_subpage = nand_write_subpage_hwecc;
case NAND_ECC_HW_SYNDROME:
if ((!ecc->calculate || !ecc->correct || !ecc->hwctl) &&
(!ecc->read_page ||
ecc->read_page == nand_read_page_hwecc ||
!ecc->write_page ||
ecc->write_page == nand_write_page_hwecc)) {
pr_warn("No ECC functions supplied; hardware ECC not possible\n");
BUG();
}
/* Use standard syndrome read/write page function? */
if (!ecc->read_page)
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_syndrome;
if (!ecc->write_page)
ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_syndrome;
if (!ecc->read_page_raw)
ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw_syndrome;
if (!ecc->write_page_raw)
ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw_syndrome;
if (!ecc->read_oob)
ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_syndrome;
if (!ecc->write_oob)
ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_syndrome;
if (mtd->writesize >= ecc->size) {
if (!ecc->strength) {
pr_warn("Driver must set ecc.strength when using hardware ECC\n");
BUG();
}
break;
}
pr_warn("%d byte HW ECC not possible on %d byte page size, fallback to SW ECC\n",
ecc->size, mtd->writesize);
ecc->mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;
case NAND_ECC_SOFT:
ecc->calculate = nand_calculate_ecc;
ecc->correct = nand_correct_data;
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_swecc;
ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_swecc;
ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
if (!ecc->size)
ecc->size = 256;
ecc->bytes = 3;
ecc->strength = 1;
break;
case NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH:
if (!mtd_nand_has_bch()) {
pr_warn("CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_BCH not enabled\n");
BUG();
}
ecc->calculate = nand_bch_calculate_ecc;
ecc->correct = nand_bch_correct_data;
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_swecc;
ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_swecc;
ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
/*
* Board driver should supply ecc.size and ecc.strength values
* to select how many bits are correctable. Otherwise, default
* to 4 bits for large page devices.
*/
if (!ecc->size && (mtd->oobsize >= 64)) {
ecc->size = 512;
ecc->strength = 4;
}
/* See nand_bch_init() for details. */
ecc->bytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(
ecc->strength * fls(8 * ecc->size), 8);
ecc->priv = nand_bch_init(mtd, ecc->size, ecc->bytes,
&ecc->layout);
if (!ecc->priv) {
pr_warn("BCH ECC initialization failed!\n");
BUG();
}
break;
case NAND_ECC_NONE:
pr_warn("NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended!\n");
ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_raw;
ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_raw;
ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
ecc->size = mtd->writesize;
ecc->bytes = 0;
ecc->strength = 0;
break;
default:
pr_warn("Invalid NAND_ECC_MODE %d\n", ecc->mode);
BUG();
}
/* For many systems, the standard OOB write also works for raw */
if (!ecc->read_oob_raw)
ecc->read_oob_raw = ecc->read_oob;
if (!ecc->write_oob_raw)
ecc->write_oob_raw = ecc->write_oob;
/*
* The number of bytes available for a client to place data into
* the out of band area.
*/
ecc->layout->oobavail = 0;
for (i = 0; ecc->layout->oobfree[i].length
&& i < ARRAY_SIZE(ecc->layout->oobfree); i++)
ecc->layout->oobavail += ecc->layout->oobfree[i].length;
mtd->oobavail = ecc->layout->oobavail;
/* ECC sanity check: warn if it's too weak */
if (!nand_ecc_strength_good(mtd))
pr_warn("WARNING: %s: the ECC used on your system is too weak compared to the one required by the NAND chip\n",
mtd->name);
/*
* Set the number of read / write steps for one page depending on ECC
* mode.
*/
ecc->steps = mtd->writesize / ecc->size;
if (ecc->steps * ecc->size != mtd->writesize) {
pr_warn("Invalid ECC parameters\n");
BUG();
}
ecc->total = ecc->steps * ecc->bytes;
/* Allow subpage writes up to ecc.steps. Not possible for MLC flash */
if (!(chip->options & NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE) && nand_is_slc(chip)) {
switch (ecc->steps) {
case 2:
mtd->subpage_sft = 1;
break;
case 4:
case 8:
case 16:
mtd->subpage_sft = 2;
break;
}
}
chip->subpagesize = mtd->writesize >> mtd->subpage_sft;
/* Initialize state */
chip->state = FL_READY;
/* Invalidate the pagebuffer reference */
chip->pagebuf = -1;
/* Large page NAND with SOFT_ECC should support subpage reads */
switch (ecc->mode) {
case NAND_ECC_SOFT:
case NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH:
if (chip->page_shift > 9)
chip->options |= NAND_SUBPAGE_READ;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* Fill in remaining MTD driver data */
mtd->type = nand_is_slc(chip) ? MTD_NANDFLASH : MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
mtd->flags = (chip->options & NAND_ROM) ? MTD_CAP_ROM :
MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH;
mtd->_erase = nand_erase;
mtd->_read = nand_read;
mtd->_write = nand_write;
mtd->_panic_write = panic_nand_write;
mtd->_read_oob = nand_read_oob;
mtd->_write_oob = nand_write_oob;
mtd->_sync = nand_sync;
mtd->_lock = NULL;
mtd->_unlock = NULL;
mtd->_block_isreserved = nand_block_isreserved;
mtd->_block_isbad = nand_block_isbad;
mtd->_block_markbad = nand_block_markbad;
mtd->writebufsize = mtd->writesize;
/* propagate ecc info to mtd_info */
mtd->ecclayout = ecc->layout;
mtd->ecc_strength = ecc->strength;
mtd->ecc_step_size = ecc->size;
/*
* Initialize bitflip_threshold to its default prior scan_bbt() call.
* scan_bbt() might invoke mtd_read(), thus bitflip_threshold must be
* properly set.
*/
if (!mtd->bitflip_threshold)
mtd->bitflip_threshold = DIV_ROUND_UP(mtd->ecc_strength * 3, 4);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_scan_tail);