英语语法-考研阅读真题长难句

考研阅读真题长难句

1、We are even farther removedfrom the unfocused newspaper reviewspublishedin England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a timewhennewsprintwas dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticismwas consideredan ornament to the publications inwhichit appeared.

离我们离得更远的是20世纪初与二战前夕之间英国出版的百花齐放的报纸评论，那时新闻印刷品价格低廉，并且时尚的文艺批评被认为是对刊登它们的出版物的装饰与点缀；

removed，adj.，远离的；The lawyer asked to be removed from the case due to a conflict of interest stemming from his association with the client.律师被要求从这个案子中除名，因为他与来往客户有利益冲突；

stem，v.，阻止，遏制，止住；n.，茎、干，词干；

stem from，起源于；

due to，prep.，由于，应归于；

unfocused，adj.，目光分散的，不调焦的，模糊的，目的不明确的；

newsprint，n.，新闻用纸，=newspaper；

dirt-cheap，adj.，毫无价值的，贱如粪土的，非常便宜的；adv.，非常便宜地；

stylish，adj.，时髦的，流行的，有格调的，潇洒的；

criticism，n.，批评，批判，意见，评论，评价；Praise is always nice to receive, but criticism can often be so much more useful.赞美问题令人欣然接受，但批评往往可以有更多的用处；

ornament，n.，装饰品，点缀品，装饰，摆设，首饰，饰物；v.，装饰，点缀；I guessed he was the chief because he wore more gold ornaments than the others.我估计他是酋长，因为他戴的金饰最多；

wear --> wore --> worn；

2、"Sofew authors havebrains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalish," Newman worte, "thatI amtempted to define 'journalish' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who arenot read to writers who are'."

如此少...以至于...

纽曼写道，如此少的作家拥有足够的才智和文学天赋以便终身人事新闻业，以至于我想把“新闻业”定义为没有学问的作家应用到有学问的作家身上的一个鄙视的词；

literary，adj.，文学的，文学上的，书面的，爱好文学的；

gift，n.，礼物，授予，才能，天赋；v.，赠送，（无意中）让（对手）获得；

journalism，n.，新闻业，新闻工作，报刊杂志，新闻报道；

tempt，v.，引诱，诱惑，怂恿，利诱，冒...的风险；Reducing the income will further impoverish these families and could tempt an offender into further crime.降低收只会使这些家庭更加贫穷，而且可能诱使不法分子进一步犯罪；

impoverish，v.，使贫困，使赤贫，使（力量|活力|肥力）枯竭；

offender，n.，犯罪者，违法者，造成问题的人或物；

be tempted to do，受诱惑做某事；

contempt，n.，轻视，蔑视，忽视，不顾；Politicians seem to be generally held in contempt by the police.政治家们似乎普遍受到警察的轻视；

be held in contempt by sb.，受人轻视；

define，v.，界定，阐明；Next, define a budget and how much you're willing to spend.其次，明确你的预算和你愿意花费的钱；

3、As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been ledby musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

seems前的that，是主语，是代词，指代描述；

作为一支由音乐家如古斯塔夫马勒和皮埃尔布莱兹领导着的管弦乐队的下一任指挥家的描述，这种描述跟虚浮的赞扬一样，确实会令至少一部分泰晤士报的读者觉得愕然不解（让他们觉得不可思议）；

orchestra，n.，（大型的）管弦乐队；The Lithuanian Philharmonic Orchestra played Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.立陶宛爱乐交响乐团演奏了贝多芬的《第九交响曲》；

hitherto，adv.，迄今，至今，直到某时；Hitherto, American Airlines was the only big American international airline not to seek bankruptcy protection.迄今为止，美国航空是美国大型国际航空公司中唯一一家没有申请破产保护的公司；

bankruptcy，n.，道德的沦丧，破产，倒闭；

faint，adj.，模糊的，微弱的，微小的，可能性不大的，虚弱的，不热情的；n.，晕倒，昏厥；v.，昏厥，衰落；He became aware of the soft, faint sounds of water dripping.他开始注意到轻微的水滴声；

strike --> struck --> struck；

4、The same dramatic technological changes that have providedmarketers with more(and more diverse) communications choices have also increasedthe riskthatpassionate consumers will voicetheir opnions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.

这类戏剧性的技术革新给商人带来数量越来越多（种类也越来越多）的通信机会的同时，也同样会提高风险。因为热情的用户会更快、更形象、更有破坏力地表达自己的反对；

dramatic，adj.，巨大而突然的，急剧的，激动人心的，引人注目的，给人深刻印象的，有关戏剧的，夸张的；Modern telecommunications have had a dramatic impact on our mobility similar to the invention of the automobile or the train.与汽车或火车两项发明一样，现代通信对我们的流动性产生了极大的影响；

passionate，adj.，热诚的，狂热的，热恋的，易怒的；I'm a passionate believer in public art.我是公共艺术的狂热信徒；

voice，vt.，发音，表达，说出；n.，嗓音，说话声，歌唱声；Miriam's voice was strangely calm.米里亚姆的声音异乎寻常地平静；

5、But it'sinteresting to wonderif the images we seeevery week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissaticfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of ushoped getting "the Rachel"might makeus look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

if引导的宾语从句；

但是这确实是一件很有趣的值得返思的事情，我们每周看的“轻松快乐做父母”的杂志封面，并不是通过潜意识的方式里让我们对（没有孩子的）现实经历不满，而是这些图片在潜意识中让我们有那种想成为雷切尔培养孩子的潇洒心理，但实际上却使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗亚尼斯顿一样狼狈；

subconscious，adj.，下意识的，潜意识的；n.，下意识，潜意识；The memory of it all was locked deep in my subconscious.关于它的一切记忆都深植于我的潜意识里；

dissatisfaction，n.，不满，不悦，令人不满的事物；She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the policy.她对政策的这方面已经表达了不满；

enhance，vt.，提高，加强，增加；The publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的声誉；

publicity，n.，（媒体的）关注，报道，宣传，推广；

reputation，n.，名誉，名声；

6、But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contendsthatpeer pressure can also bea positive force throughwhat shecalls the social cure,in whichorganizations and officials usethe power of group dynamics to help individualsimprovetheir lives and possibly the world.

但是在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》，Tina Roseberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以通过群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活；

contend，v.，声称，主张，竞争，争夺，处理，对付；It is time, once again, to contend with racism.又一次到了与种族主义战斗的时刻了；

racism，n.，种族主义，种族偏见；

peer，vi.，凝视；adj.，贵族的，纯粹的；I had been peering at a computer print-out that made no sense at all.我一直盯着一张毫无意义的计算机打印稿；

force，n.，力量，武力；vt.，促使，强迫；In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by force.到最后，人们不得不强行把他赶出了房子；

dynamic，adj.，动力的，有活力的；n.，动力；He did research on group dynamics and leadership styles.他研究群体互动和领导风格；

individual，adj.，单独的，个别的，个人的，独特的；n.，个人，个体，与众不同的人；

7、Priestlyexplains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descendedover the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in whichthe poor girl doubtless foundher garment.

普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店，又沦为便宜货。毫无疑问，这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服；

descend，v.，下来，下降，下倾；Things are cooler and more damp as we descend to the cellar.当我们往下走去地窖时，四周愈见阴冷潮湿；

damp，adj.，潮湿的；n.，湿气，潮气；v.，使潮湿，减弱，抑制；

cellar，n.，地下室，地窖；v.，将（酒）存于地窖；

garment，n.，（一件）衣服，服装，外表，外观；vt.，给...穿衣服；She works in the garment district of Manhattan.她在曼哈顿的服装加工区工作；

bargain，n.，便宜货，减价品，协议，交易；v.，讨价还价，谈判；

bin，n.，垃圾桶，储物箱；v.，把...扔进垃圾箱，摒弃，拒绝；

8、These labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable -meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that - and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.

破折号中间的先去掉，and to renew前面接的是to see；

这些品牌鼓励对时尚敏感的消费者把衣服当成是一次性用品 - 洗过一两次后就不再穿了，尽管他们没在广告上明说 - 然后每几周就更新衣橱；

conscious，adj.，意识到的，神志清醒的，有知觉的，关注的，刻意的，慎重的；I was very conscious of the fact that I had to make a good impression.我非常清楚，我必须给人留下一个好印象；

disposable，adj.，一次性的，用完即德育的，可支配的，可自由使用的；n.，一次性用品；He shaved himself with a disposable razor.他用一次性刀片刮脸；

wardrobe，n.，衣柜，衣橱；

mean --> meant --> meant，v.，意味，打算；

9、We have now identifiedenough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin whichour descendants will findthemselves.

我们现在已经知道星球以及我们人类的历史怎样经历长时间的变化，那么我们能以此为依据，预知后世子孙未来身处的境地；

identify，v.，识别，认出；There are a number of distinguishing characteristics by which you can identify a Hollywood epic.好莱坞的史诗大片有着一些与众不同的特点；

epic，n.，史诗，叙事诗，壮举；adj.，史诗般的，漫长而艰难的，宏大的，壮丽的；

species，n.，物种，种类，一类人；adj.，物种上的；Many species of animals are in danger of dying out.许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中；

descendant，n.，后裔，子孙，派生物；adj.，下降的，祖传的；They are descendants of the original English and Scottish settlers.他们是最初的英格兰和苏格兰定居者的后代；

settler，n.，移民者，殖民者；

shape，n.，形状，模型，身材；v.，形成，使成形；People's political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers.人们的政治观点受报纸影响；

political，adj.，政治的，政府的；

belief，n.，相信，信心，看法，信念；

10、What motivatedhim, we were to understand, washis zeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring thatonly the most deserving claimantsreceivedtheir benefits.

A was B；

我们将会知道，激励他的是他对“基本的公正”的热诚 - 保护纳税人，控制花费以及确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能得到补助金；

taxpayer，n.，纳税人；

motivate，v.，成为...的动机，是...的原因，激励，激发；They are motivated by a need to achieve.对成功的渴望激励着他们；

zeal，n.，热情，热忱，热心，奋发；Mr. Lopez approached his task with a religious zeal.洛佩斯先生以宗教般的热诚对待工作；

religious，adj.，宗教的，虔诚的；

fundamental，adj.，根本的，基本的，必需的；n.，基本原理；We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem.我们必须解决问题的根本原因；