非线性流形学习技术_非技术人员可以学习的100件事

非线性流形学习技术

My lovely wife has an MBA, speaks 5 languages, and is currently in school to get a third (fourth?) degree. Point is, she's smarter than me (I? See?) and I'm lucky she even speaks to me.

我可爱的妻子拥有MBA学位，会说5种语言，并且目前正在学校学习第三(第四？)学位。 重点是，她比我聪明(我？见？)，我很幸运她甚至和我说话。

However, she's in a class right now and wanted to record the hour long lectures. After trying on her Windows Phone, her iPad, her Laptop with OneNote she got very frustrated. I gave her a portable handheld recorder and she returned from class with 800 megs of wav files then asked me how to share them with the rest of the class.

但是，她现在正在上课，想录制长达一个小时的讲座。 在尝试使用Windows Phone，iPad，装有OneNote的笔记本电脑后，她感到非常沮丧。 我给了她一台便携式手持录音机，她从教室回来时带了800兆的wav文件，然后问我如何与全班同学共享它们。

This started a long talk about WAV files vs. mp3s, DropBox vs. email, megabytes vs. gigabytes and developing a sense of "digital scale." We talked about pixels and dpi, about 40 megapixel vs a 400x400 picture.

这就开始了关于WAV文件与mp3，DropBox与电子邮件，兆字节与千兆字节的漫长讨论，并形成了一种“数字规模”的感觉。 我们讨论了像素和dpi，即40百万像素与400x400图片。

She said to me "there's all this stuff that techies know that makes normals feel bad. Where does one learn all this?"

她对我说：“技术人员知道所有这些东西，会使正常人感到难受。哪里可以学到这一切？”

• Why does this picture print out blurry?

  为什么这张照片打印模糊？

• Why is that file too big to email?

  为什么该文件太大而无法通过电子邮件发送？

• I deleted Angry Birds but my computer is still slow!

  我删除了《愤怒的小鸟》，但我的电脑仍然很慢！

"Knowing computers" today is more than just knowing Office, or knowing how to attach a file. Today's connected world is way more complex than any of us realize. If you're a techie, you're very likely forgetting how far you've come!

今天，“了解计算机”不仅仅是了解Office或了解如何附加文件。 当今的互联世界比我们任何人都意识到的复杂得多。 如果您是技术人员，则很可能会忘记自己走了多远！

The #1 thing you can do when working with a non-techie is to be empathetic. Put yourself in their shoes. Give them the tools and the base of knowledge they need.

与非技术人员一起工作时可以做的第一件事是善解人意。 让自己穿上鞋子。 给他们提供所需的工具和知识基础。

I honestly don't know HOW we learn these things. But, I figured I could help. If you've ever answered questions like this from your non-technical-partner or relative, then here's a list of

老实说，我不知道我们如何学习这些东西。 但是，我认为我可以提供帮助。 如果您曾经从非技术合作伙伴或亲戚那里回答过这样的问题，那么这里是

非技术人员可以学习的100件事(100 Technical Things Non-Technical People Can Learn To Make Their Lives Easier)

Ok, perhaps not 100 exactly. I will add more good tips if you suggest them in the comments!

好的，也许不是100 。 如果您在评论中提出建议，我会添加更多好的提示！

尺寸 (Size)

• A gigabyte is big. It's not something that is easily emailed.

  千兆字节很大。 这不是容易通过电子邮件发送的内容。

• A gigabyte might be a whole movie! If you want to get a gigabyte to someone you could either compress/squish it with some software and send a smaller version of the file, or put it on a USB drive and snail mail (post) it.

  千兆字节可能是整部电影！ 如果要给某人一个千兆字节，则可以使用某些软件压缩/压缩它，然后发送该文件的较小版本，或者将其放在USB驱动器上，并用蜗牛邮寄(发布)该文件。

• One to five megabytes are reasonable sizes. You can have pictures this size, documents, and small videos.

  1-5兆字节是合理的大小。 您可以拥有此尺寸的图片，文档和小型视频。

• MB means Megabyte. GB means Gigabyte. Note that the abbreviation 1GB means 1000MB, so always double check and look closely.

  MB表示兆字节。 GB表示技嘉。 请注意，缩写1GB表示1000MB，因此请务必仔细检查并仔细查看。

• Backup everything. Is your entire company on your 10 year old computer’s desktop? Look for Backup options like CrashPlan, DropBox, OneDrive, etc. Literally ANYTHING is better than leaving documents on your computer’s desktop.

  备份所有内容。 您的整个公司都在使用10年的台式机上吗？ 查找CrashPlan，DropBox，OneDrive等备份选项。从字面上看，任何事情都比将文档放在计算机桌面上更好。

档案 (Files)

• Think about where your files are. Are they in a folder on your Desktop? Are they in a folder called My Documents? Keep your files collected in one location (and below) so that you can easily make backups.

  考虑一下文件在哪里。 它们是否在桌面上的文件夹中？ 它们是否在名为“我的文档”的文件夹中？ 将收集的文件保存在一个位置(和下面)，以便您轻松进行备份。

• Learn to use search to find your files. Press the Windows key and just start typing on Windows, or use Spotlight (Command-Spacebar) on Mac.

  学习使用搜索来查找文件。 按下Windows键，然后在Windows上开始打字，或者在Mac上使用Spotlight(Command-空格键)。

• Don’t forget to hover over things and right-mouse-click on things. It may not be initially intuitive, but right clicking often answers all your questions.

  不要忘记将鼠标悬停在事物上并在事物上单击鼠标右键。 最初可能并不直观，但是右键单击通常可以回答所有问题。

• If you double click a file and it doesn’t do what you want, in Windows, right click the file, choose Open With, then Choose Default Program to pick a new program.

  如果双击文件后仍无法满足您的要求，请在Windows中右键单击该文件，选择“打开方式”，然后选择“默认程序”以选择一个新程序。

隐私 (Privacy)

• Once something has been put on The Internet it’s almost impossible to take it down. People take screenshots of things, re-post them, copy them.

  一旦在Internet上放置了某些内容，几乎就不可能删除它。 人们拍摄事物的屏幕截图，然后重新发布，复制。

• Review your privacy settings on social media sites like Facebook from time to time. Revoke access to apps you don’t use anymore.

  不时查看诸如Facebook之类的社交媒体网站上的隐私设置。 撤消对您不再使用的应用的访问权限。

• Your smartphone may broadcast your location without your realizing it. Check your settings if this isn’t your intent.

  您的智能手机可能会广播您的位置而没有意识到。 如果这不是您的意图，请检查您的设置。

电子邮件 (Email)

• Assume that your email isn't private.

  假设您的电子邮件不是私人的。

• Don’t try to email more than 10 megabytes. Or 5 even. Many of your recipients won’t get the files. They will “bounce back.”

  请勿尝试发送超过10 MB的电子邮件。 甚至5个。 您的许多收件人都不会收到文件。 他们将“反弹”。

• Don’t CC more than 10 of your friends or neighbors. At that point, consider another way to talk to them. Some of your friends may not want their email given to the world. Perhaps this is a time to use BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) so you don't expose everyone's email address to each other?

  抄送不超过10个您的朋友或邻居。 届时，请考虑另一种与他们交谈的方式。 您的某些朋友可能不希望将电子邮件发送给全世界。 也许这是时候使用密件抄送(BCC)，这样您就不会彼此公开每个人的电子邮件地址了吗？

• Always think twice when replying. Did you want to Reply To All?

  回复时请三思。 您要回复所有人吗？

• It’s a good idea to check for hoaxes before forwarding bulk emails. For instance, look at snopes.com if you think Bill Gates may send you money.

  在转发大量电子邮件之前检查恶作剧是个好主意。 例如，如果您认为比尔·盖茨会寄钱给您，请访问snopes.com。

• If you get an email out of the blue that’s telling you to click on a link to “verify” your password, credit card, or other information, it’s a good idea not to click on the link. Instead, open a browser and navigate to your account on the site in question.

  如果您突然收到一封电子邮件，告诉您单击链接以“验证”您的密码，信用卡或其他信息，那么最好不要单击该链接。 相反，请打开浏览器并导航至相关网站上的帐户。

• Never ever send your private credit card number, social security number, or anything personal in email. Ever. Really. Never.

  永远不要通过电子邮件发送您的私人信用卡号，社会保险号或任何个人信息。 曾经真。 决不。

正在搜寻 (Searching)

• If you put your search term - or parts of it - in quotes, you’ll get more specific results. For instance, “mark hamill” “star wars” would probably get better results than mark hamill star wars.

  如果将搜索词(或搜索词的一部分)用引号引起来，则会得到更具体的结果。 例如，“马克·海米尔”，“星球大战”可能会比马克·海米尔的星球大战获得更好的结果。

• Your search term should sound like the answer you’re looking for rather than the question. So search for “2000 academy award winner” instead of “who was that guy who won that film award in 2000”?

  您的搜索字词听起来应该像是您要寻找的答案，而不是问题。 因此，要搜索“ 2000年奥斯卡金像奖得主”而不是“谁是2000年获得电影奖的那个人”？

• If you want to google within a single site, try “site:thatsite.com mysearch” to search ONLY thatsite.com.

  如果您想在单个站点内搜索Google，请尝试“ site：thatsite.com mysearch”以仅搜索thatsite.com。

• If you get an error message or code when a program stops working, just search for that number, like “0x8000abcd”

  如果在程序停止运行时收到错误消息或代码，只需搜索该数字即可，例如“ 0x8000abcd”

• Be LESS specific. Every new word you add is narrowing your results!

  少一些。 您添加的每个新词都会缩小您的搜索范围！

• You can search for the original source of a picture using Google Image search and uploading the image. It will find other places on the internet that picture lives!

  您可以使用Google图片搜索并上传图片来搜索图片的原始来源。 它会在图片上找到互联网上的其他地方！

• If you don’t want someone to know that you’re searching for something that’s either secret or naughty, use your browser’s “Incognito Mode” or “Private Browsing Mode.” Note that while this may hide your browsing from a specific computer, that computer still has to talk to other computers to talk to the internet. Incognito Mode won’t hide your surfing from your boss.

  如果您不希望别人知道您正在搜索秘密或顽皮的东西，请使用浏览器的“隐身模式”或“私人浏览模式”。 请注意，尽管这可能会隐藏特定计算机上的浏览，但该计算机仍必须与其他计算机对话才能与Internet对话。 隐身模式不会向老板隐瞒冲浪。

声音文件 (Sound Files)

• MP3s are squished audio files. Remember the rules of thumb around file sizes when emailing.

  MP3是压缩的音频文件。 在发送电子邮件时，请记住有关文件大小的经验法则。

• WAV files are big audio files. You can use a program like Audacity to take a uncompressed WAV and “Save As” it into a Compressed MP3.

  WAV文件是大型音频文件。 您可以使用Audacity之类的程序来提取未压缩的WAV，并将其“另存为”到压缩的MP3中。

文件资料 (Documents)

• PDFs are Portable Documents. They are made by Adobe and work pretty much everywhere. This is a good format for Resumes. You can often Save As your document and create a PDF. Also, note that PDFs are almost always considered read-only.

  PDF是可移植文档。 它们是由Adobe制造的，几乎可以在任何地方使用。 这是一种很好的简历格式。 您通常可以另存为文档并创建PDF。 另外，请注意，PDF几乎总是被视为只读的。

• Word has doc files and newer docx files. When working with a group, select a format that is common to everyone’s version of Word. Some folks may have old versions!

  Word具有doc文件和较新的docx文件。 与组一起使用时，请选择每个人的Word版本都通用的格式。 有些人可能有旧版本！

• Big documents are hard to move around the internet. Rather than emailing that giant document, instead put it in a shared location like Dropbox, OneDrive or Google Drive, then using the Sharing feature of your chosen service, email a LINK to the document.

  大文件很难在互联网上移动。 与其通过电子邮件发送该大型文档，不如将其放置在Dropbox，OneDrive或Google Drive等共享位置，然后使用所选服务的共享功能，通过电子邮件发送LINK到文档。

• Collaborating with others by e-mailing documents around doesn’t work very well. If you’re sharing a document as recommended above, you can take advantage of their realtime collaboration features.

  通过电子邮件发送文档与他人进行协作并不很好。 如果您按照上述建议共享文档，则可以利用其实时协作功能。

• Don’t use a document when you need something bigger. Your small business’ records should probably go in a database rather than an Excel file.

  当您需要更大的物品时，请勿使用文档。 您的小型企业的记录可能应该放在数据库中而不是Excel文件中。

• In Windows, files end with a file extension like “.docx”, “.mp3” or “.jpg” that determines what program it’s associated with. If you save a file with the wrong extension, it might open with another program or not at all.

  在Windows中，文件以文件扩展名(例如“ .docx”，“。mp3”或“ .jpg”)结尾，该文件扩展名确定与之关联的程序。 如果您以错误的扩展名保存文件，则该文件可能会与其他程序一起打开，或者根本无法打开。

• Sometimes you can’t see file extensions. In Windows Explorer, in the View Menu, pick File Extension to show them if they’re hidden.

  有时您看不到文件扩展名。 在Windows资源管理器的“查看”菜单中，选择“文件扩展名”以显示它们是否被隐藏。

扫描与传真 (Scanning and Faxing)

• An easy way to scan documents without a scanner is to use a scanning app on your phone. This means you’ll take a picture of the document. There are apps that can make your camera like a scanner.

  无需扫描仪即可扫描文档的简单方法是使用手机上的扫描应用程序。 这意味着您将为文档拍照。 有些应用程序可以使您的相机像扫描仪一样。

• If you need to fax but don’t have a fax machine, there are apps online that can take a photo from your phone and fax it. You can also received faxes as photos or PDFs.

  如果您需要传真但没有传真机，则可以通过在线应用程序从手机中拍照并传真。 您还可以将传真作为照片或PDF接收。

USB钥匙 (USB Keys)

• Never put a random USB key in your computer. You have no idea where it’s been.

  切勿将随机USB钥匙插入计算机。 您不知道它在哪里。

• USB keys can do all kinds of things to your computer the second you plug it in without your even opening a file. Only use trusted USB keys.

  USB密钥可以在您插上计算机的第二秒就完成您计算机的所有操作，而无需打开文件。 仅使用受信任的USB密钥。

我的电脑很慢 (My computer is slow)

• Think about what specifically is slow. Often the thing that’s slow is your internet. Are you on wireless? Is the signal weak?

  考虑一下什么是缓慢的。 通常，速度较慢的是您的互联网。 你在无线吗？ 信号弱吗？

• Running a lot of programs at once can slow things down.

  一次运行许多程序可能会使速度变慢。

• When your hard drive is almost completely full, your computer can slow down. Watch for warnings!

  当硬盘驱动器几乎完全装满时，计算机可能会变慢。 注意警告！

• The cheapest, simplest way to speed up a slow computer is usually by adding more RAM (memory).

  通常，通过添加更多的RAM(内存)来加快计算机的速度，这是最便宜，最简单的方法。

带宽 (Bandwidth)

• Not everyone has super fast internet. Some people have a quota for the month. For example, my brother can download only 5 gigabytes (remember that’s 5,000 megabytes) every month. I avoid sending him big files and YouTube links.

  并非每个人都有超快速的互联网。 有些人有该月的配额。 例如，我的兄弟每个月只能下载5 GB(请记住，这是5,000 MB)。 我避免向他发送大文件和YouTube链接。

安全与邪恶的互联网 (Security and The Evil Internet)

• Most of the internet is out to get you. If a website looks wrong, it’s likely not somewhere you want to me. The more ads and popups the worse the neighborhood.

  大多数互联网都在吸引你。 如果网站看起来不对，则可能不是您想要的位置。 广告和弹出窗口越多，附近的情况就越差。

• If you go looking for things you shouldn’t, like bootleg movies, you’ll be more likely to end up in a bad part of the internet.

  如果您寻找不该有的东西，例如盗版电影，那么您很有可能最终会陷入互联网的困境。

• Bad parts of the Internet will always try to trick you.

  互联网的坏处总是会欺骗你。

• Be aware of advertisements that are actually pictures of download buttons. These download buttons might literally be next to the actual download button you need to press.

  请注意实际上是下载按钮图片的广告。 这些下载按钮实际上可能在您需要按下的实际下载按钮旁边。

• Always think three times before clicking on a link that’s been emailed to you. If you have to install something or a message tells you that your computer is missing something, it may be a trick.

  在点击通过电子邮件发送给您的链接之前，请三思而后行。 如果您必须安装某些东西，或者有消息告诉您计算机缺少某些东西，这可能是一个技巧。

• Consider if a web site’s domain ends with a far away country code you weren’t expecting. Did I mean to be looking for a link in China (.cn) or Kazakhstan (.kz)?

  考虑一个网站的域名是否以您不希望的国家/地区代码结尾。 我是说要在中国(.cn)或哈萨克斯坦(.kz)链接？

• Microsoft and Apple will never call your house to tell you personally that you have a virus.

  微软和苹果绝不会打电话给您的屋子，以亲自告诉您您感染了病毒。

• Consider turning on “Two Factor Authentication.” That means that in addition to your password you’ll also need your phone with you to login in. That might sound like a hassle, but it stops the bad guys in their tracks.

  考虑启用“两因素身份验证” 。 这意味着，除了您的密码外，您还需要手机才能登录。这听起来像是很麻烦的事，但是它却阻止了坏人的踪迹。

“空间”-磁盘和内存 ("Space" - Disks and Memory)

• Memory is like the top of your desk - it’s what you’re working on right now. Disk space is like your filing cabinet, where you store things for later. When you turn off your computer, your memory is cleared but your hard drive isn’t.

  内存就像桌子的顶部一样，这就是您现在正在处理的内容。 磁盘空间就像文件柜，您可以在其中存储内容以备后用。 当您关闭计算机时，内存将被清除，但硬盘驱动器不会被清除。

• If you computer is “just slow” there could be a few things going on. Are a lot of things running right now this moment? Close running programs, just like taking things off your desk and clear your mind.

  如果您的计算机“速度很慢”，可能会发生一些情况。 此时此刻有很多事情在运行吗？ 关闭正在运行的程序，就像将事情从办公桌上移开并清除思路一样。

• Rarely will uninstalling applications “free up space.” If you computer is filling up, it’s likely with photos, videos or movies. Uninstalling Angry Birds from either your computer or phone likely won’t free up the large amounts of space you want.

  很少会卸载应用程序以“释放空间”。 如果您的计算机已满，则可能包含照片，视频或电影。 从计算机或手机上卸载《愤怒的小鸟》可能不会释放您想要的大量空间。

图片 (Pictures )

• JPGs are image files that are great for photos. They are squished pictures, and the compression is optimized for pictures of people and nature.

  JPG是非常适合照片的图像文件。 它们是压缩的图片，并且压缩已针对人与自然的图片进行了优化。

• PNGs are image files that are great for diagrams and screenshots.

  PNG是非常适合图表和屏幕截图的图像文件。

• Learn how to take screenshots.

  了解如何拍摄屏幕截图。

  • Press the PrintScreen key to put a screenshot of the current screen in your clipboard on a Windows PC.

    按PrintScreen键可将当前屏幕的屏幕快照放入Windows PC上的剪贴板中。

  • On a Windows 8 machine, press the Windows Key and the PrintScreen key to capture the screen to a Folder in your Pictures folder called Screenshots.

    在Windows 8计算机上，按Windows键和PrintScreen键将屏幕捕获到“图片”文件夹中名为“屏幕快照”的文件夹中。

  • Press Command-Shift-3 to capture your screen to the desktop on ac Mac

    按Command-Shift-3将屏幕捕获到ac Mac上的桌面

• Resizing images can be hard and frustrating. On Windows, try the Image Resizer Utility to make large images smaller.

  调整图像大小可能很困难且令人沮丧。 在Windows上，尝试使用Image Resizer Utility缩小大图像。

• The funny pictures you find on the internet are usually small in “dimension” - they have a small number of total dots or “pixels.”

  您在互联网上找到的有趣图片通常在“尺寸”上很小-它们的总点数或“像素”数量很少。

• A picture that is 400x400 in pixel dimension will look really blurry when it’s printed out on a full piece of paper.

  将像素尺寸为400x400的图片打印在整张纸上时，看起来会非常模糊。

• For a photo to look nice when printed, it should ideally have more than 200 dots per inch. So for a 4 inch by 6 in photo, you’ll want a picture that’s at LEAST 800x1200, and even larger is better.

  为了使照片在打印时看起来不错，理想情况下，每英寸应具有200个以上的点。 因此，对于4英寸x 6英寸的照片，您需要的照片的分辨率至少应为800x1200，更大的照片效果更好。

• Megapixels are not megabytes. One megapixel is one million pixels. A “3.1 megapixel” camera will actually make a photoi that is 2048x1536 in dimension. This is nice size for printing in small sizes! A photo like this will be about one megabyte and suitable for emailing.

  百万像素不是兆字节。 一百万像素是一百万像素。 “ 3.1兆像素”相机实际上将制作尺寸为2048x1536的photoi。 这是适合小尺寸打印的好尺寸！ 这样的照片大约1兆字节，适合通过电子邮件发送。

• Photos matter. Back them all up.

  照片很重要。 支持他们全部。

冲浪和链接 (Surfing and Links)

• Often you’ll search for something on a site, then end up on a page called “searchresults.asp.” You’ll want to share that link with your friend so you copy paste it and send them somesite.com/searchresults.asp. But you need to look at that URL (URL is a link). Does the link contain the thing you searched for? If not, your friend won’t see anything. Look for links like somesite.com/searchresults.asp?q=baby%20groot%20doll when emailing.

  通常，您会在网站上搜索某些内容，然后在名为“ searchresults.asp”的页面上结束搜索。 您需要与您的朋友共享该链接，以便您复制粘贴并将其发送给somesite.com/searchresults.asp。 但是您需要查看该URL(URL是一个链接)。 链接中是否包含您搜索的内容？ 如果没有，您的朋友将看不到任何东西。 通过电子邮件查找类似somesite.com/searchresults.asp?q=baby%20groot%20doll的链接。

• Search results often have a “share” link that will either get you a good sharing link or send via e-mail for you.

  搜索结果通常具有“共享”链接，可以使您获得良好的共享链接，也可以通过电子邮件发送给您。

• Always check for the lock in your browser address bar when you’re about to enter your password. Are you where you think you are? Does the address bar look correct? Is it green? The green address bar gives you more information about the company you’re talking to.

  当您要输入密码时，请始终检查浏览器地址栏中的锁定状态。 您在想自己的地方吗？ 地址栏看起来正确吗？ 是绿色的吗？ 绿色的地址栏为您提供了与您正在交谈的公司的更多信息。

• Is your password “Password”? Consider getting a password manager like 1Password or LastPass. Don’t put your password on a post-it note on your monitor. Try not to reuse passwords between sites. Don’t share your password with others.

  您的密码是“ Password”吗？ 考虑使用密码管理器，例如1Password或LastPass。 不要将密码放在显示器的便签纸上。 尽量不要在站点之间重复使用密码。 不要与他人共享密码。

• Don’t reuse your passwords. If you give a tech support person a password and it's also the password you use for your bank, it’s like giving a parking attendant the keys to your house!

  不要重复使用密码。 如果您给技术支持人员提供密码，并且这也是您为银行使用的密码，就好比给停车服务员您家的钥匙！

Big thanks to Jon Galloway for his help with this list!

非常感谢乔恩·加洛韦( Jon Galloway)提供的这份清单！

What did we miss?

我们错过了什么？

翻译自: https://www.hanselman.com/blog/100-technical-things-nontechnical-people-can-learn-to-make-their-lives-easier

非线性流形学习技术