"Xunzi" (23)

Translation: Fang Yong Li Bo

Publisher: Zhonghua Bookstore

King

One

The kingdom of the world, the system of the world also uses; the lord of man, the advantages of the world also. If you have the Tao and hold it, then Da'an also, Da Rong ye, and the source of Ji Mei also. If you can't hold on to it, then you are in great danger, greatly tired, some are not as good as nothing, and its Qi Ye, so it is not possible to get it, and Qi Tang and Song Xian are also. The Lord of the Dead, the good power of the world, but he who cannot be at peace with himself, will be safe. Therefore, those who use the country will stand righteously and be kings, believe and hegemony, and power will be established and die. Three, the lord's choice is also careful, and the benevolent man's business is also white.

Translation: The state is the most powerful tool under the heavens; the monarch is the most advantageous position under the heavens. Mastering the way of governing the country and practicing them will be very stable, very glorious, and the source of accumulating good names. If you can't master the Dao to discipline them, you will be very dangerous, very tired, it is better to have them than not, and when you are cornered, it is impossible to become an ordinary person, such as King Qi Tang and King Song Xian. Therefore, the monarch occupies the most favorable position in the world, but he cannot automatically stabilize the world, and if he wants to stabilize the world, he must master the road. Therefore, those who govern the country can become kings by practicing etiquette and righteousness, hegemony when they establish credibility, and conspiracies to engage in power and magic will perish. These three situations are carefully chosen by the wise monarch, and they must be understood by benevolent people.

The kingdom of The Kingdom of Mercy does not harm it, and it will win the world by doing one unrighteousness and killing one without guilt, and the benevolent one will not do anything, but will support the kingdom of the heart, and if it is its solidity. Those who do what they do are righteous; those who are clothed in the state's criminal law are righteous; those who are extremely handsome and handsome, and those who are the first to be in the countryside, are righteous. If so, then lean down to the top to be righteous, and it is Qi Dingye. The country is determined, and the country is determined and the world is determined. Zhongni has no place to put a cone, sincerity and righteousness, righteousness to deeds, words, the day of relief, not hidden from the world, the name of the hereafter. Now also with the sincerity and righteousness of the princes of the world, the measure of righteousness and righteousness, the government affairs, the case of the case of the heavy with the noble and the lowly, so that the attack will always be one, if so, then the part of the husband's reputation is also sent between heaven and earth, is not as good as the sun and the moon thunder! Therefore, it is said that the country is righteous, and the day is white, and the soup and the martial arts are also. Tang is the land of a hundred miles, the world is one, the princes are subjects, and the subordinates of the master are not obedient, and there is no reason for it, so as to help the righteous. It is the so-called righteousness and the king.

Translation: To rule the whole country to advocate righteousness without harming it with anything else, to do an unrighteous thing, to kill an innocent person to gain the world, the benevolent man does not do it, he firmly defends his thoughts and country with righteousness, as strong as a rock. Whoever comes with him to govern the country is a man of propriety; all the criminal laws promulgated in the country are laws of courtesy; and the aspirations of the monarch, which the monarch urgently leads his subjects, are all righteous aspirations. In this way, the subjects worship the king with courtesy, and the foundation is solidified. When the foundation is solid, the country is stable, and when the country is stable, the world is stable. Confucius had no place to stand, but he sincerely used etiquette to guide his thoughts, and used etiquette to restrain his behavior, which was reflected in words, and when he succeeded, he did not disappear from the world, and his reputation was passed on to future generations. Now if we also let those eminent princes in the world sincerely guide their thinking with etiquette, apply it to the legal system, implement it in political affairs, and use the means of nobility, lowliness, killing, and life to repeatedly affirm it, so that it will be consistent. If so, then their reputation will spread between heaven and earth, isn't it like the Sun Moon Thunder! Therefore, the whole country follows the etiquette and righteousness, and it can become famous in one day, such as Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou. Shang Tang relied on Bo, and King Wu of Zhou relied on Yan, both of which were places with a radius of only a hundred miles, but unified the world, submitted to the princes, and there was no disobedience wherever they could be reached, and there was no other reason, because they followed the etiquette. This is what it means to be king by practicing righteousness.

Although virtue has not yet arrived, although righteousness has not yet been helped, but the principles of the world have been slightly played, the punishment has been promised, the world is believed, and the subordinates know that they can also be wanted. When a decree has been pronounced, it will not deceive its people if it sees the benefits and defeats; it will not deceive the people if it is settled; although it has been concluded, it will not deceive the people if it sees the benefits and defeats. If so, then the army is strong and the city is strong, the enemy is afraid of it, the country is clear, and the country believes in it, although it is in a secluded country, it threatens the world, and the five uncles are also. Not the political religion, not ZhiLong Gaoye, not Qi Wenli, not the heart of the people, the township strategy, the trial of labor, the accumulation of animals, the cultivation of war readiness, the belief of the upper and lower levels, and the world dare not be bold. Therefore, Qi Huan, Jin Wen, Chu Zhuang, Wu Yanlu, and Yue Gou Jian are all secluded and ugly countries, threatening the world and strengthening China. It is the so-called faith and hegemony.

Translation: Although morality is not yet perfect, although etiquette is not yet perfect, but the truth of the world is generally gathered here, punishment and reward, prohibition and promise, have been trusted by the world, and the subjects are well aware that the monarch can be trusted. Decrees have been promulgated, and even if he sees that his interests have been damaged, he will not deceive the people; the covenant has been concluded, and even if he sees that his interests have been lost, he will not deceive his allies. In this way, there will be strong troops, strong city defenses, enemy countries will be afraid, the country will be unified, the agreement is clear, the allies trust, even remote and backward countries, can also shock the world, the five hegemons are like this. Although they did not take political indoctrination as the foundation, did not pursue a complete etiquette, did not improve the system of etiquette, and did not convince people, they paid attention to principles and tactics, emphasized the combination of work and leisure, prudently saved, strengthened war preparedness, and trusted each other from top to bottom like teeth together, and no one in the world dared to confront them. Therefore, the Dukes of Qi Huan, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuang, Wu, and Yue are all remote and backward countries, but they are powerful enough to endanger the countries of the Central Plains, and there is no other reason, that is, because they can win the trust of the world. This is what it means to build credit and dominate.

The kingdom calls for utilitarian interests, does not express its righteousness, believes in it, and seeks only profits, but on the inside it does not deceive its people but seeks small profits, and on the outside it does not deceive its people and seek great profits, and internally it does not correct its existence, but often wants people to have, and if so, the people of the subordinates will not treat it with deceit. If it is, then the enemy country is light, and the country is suspicious, and the power is plotted day by day, and the country is inevitably in danger, and Qi Min and Xue Gong are also. Therefore, the use of strong Qi, not to cultivate etiquette and righteousness, not to the political religion, not to a day, Mian Mian often uses the knot to lead the outside world. Therefore, it is strong enough to break Chu in the south, enough to praise Qin in the west, enough to defeat Yan in the north, and enough to lift song in the middle. And attack them with Yan and Zhao, and if they are vigorous, and if they die and the country is destroyed, they will be killed for the world, and the evil words of the future generations will be cursed. There is no other reason, but it is not by courtesy but by power. Three, the reason why the Lord chooses to be wise, and the reason why the benevolent person is also white. The good choice is made by people, and the bad choice is controlled by people.

Translation: Lead the whole country to advocate utilitarianism, not to devote themselves to carrying forward etiquette, to abide by credit, to be mercenary, not to be afraid of bullying the people at home and grabbing small profits, externally not afraid of cheating allies and grabbing big profits, no matter what their own country already has, but often want to get what others have, like this, then there is no subordinate and the people who do not treat the monarch with a fraudulent heart. The monarch deceives his subordinates, the subordinates deceive the monarch, that is, the upper and lower falls apart, like this, the enemy countries will despise, the allies will suspect, even if the power conspiracy is carried out every day, the country will inevitably weaken in danger, and it will perish when it reaches the extreme, such as King Qi Min and Meng Yijun. They held the powerful power of the State of Qi, not to use it to revise etiquette, not to take political indoctrination as the foundation, not to use it to unify the world, but to constantly make it a top priority to make friends with the states and gallop abroad. Therefore, when it is strong, it can break the Chu state to the south, submit the qin state to the west, defeat the Yan state to the north, and capture the Song state in the middle. When the Yan Kingdom and the Zhao Kingdom attacked together, like the dead leaves that fell, the death of the country became the greatest shame in the world, and the descendants who talked about ugly things must mention them. There is no other reason for this, but because of the conspiracy of power and power without practicing etiquette. In these three cases, the wise monarch must choose carefully, and the benevolent must understand. Those who are good at choosing can subdue others, and those who are not good at choosing will be subdued by others.

The country, the great instrument of the world, the heavy responsibility, must not be good at choosing what to do and then wrong, wrong and dangerous; must not be bad for choosing the way and then the way, Tu Xue is plugged, and the danger is dead. Those who are wrong in the other country are also the unsealed, the way of the law, and the son of whom. Therefore, the law of the King of the Tao and the man of the King are also the King; the Law of the Dao Tyrant and the man who is the Overlord are also hegemonic; the Law of the Tao and the Man who destroys the country are also dead. Three, the reason why the Lord chooses to be wise, and the reason why the benevolent person is also white.

Translation: The state is the greatest tool under the heavens, the heaviest burden, and it is not possible not to choose a place and then place it, and it is dangerous to settle it in a dangerous place; it is not possible not to choose the road carefully and then guide it, and the road will be clogged, and the road will be blocked, and the danger and blockage will cause the country to perish. The resettlement of the state is not the so-called border type, but what kind of way to govern the country and what kind of people to appoint to govern the country. Therefore, if you practice the method of the king, appoint a person like a king to govern the country, you will be called a king; the method of practicing a hegemon, appointing a person like a hegemon to govern the country, will dominate the country; the method of implementing the method of subjugation of the country, appointing a person like the subjugation of the country to govern the country, will perish. In these three cases, the wise monarch must choose carefully, and the benevolent must understand.

The country of the old, heavy responsibility, not to accumulate is not established. The old country, the new one of the world, is also worried, not change, change the king and change his profession. Therefore, the day of a dynasty is also the same, and the person of a day is also, but the disgust has the solidity of a thousand years, why not? A: The faith of Chitose is also held, and the believer of An and Fu Chitose is also the same. No one has a hundred years of life, but there are believers of a thousand years, why not? A: He who holds himself in the Dharma of Chitose is a believer in Chitose. Therefore, the gentleman who accumulates righteousness and righteousness is the king, the man who is honest and honest is the hegemon, and the man who overthrows the power is dead. Three, the reason why the Lord chooses to be wise, and the reason why the benevolent person is also white. Those who choose well control people, and those who do not choose well control people.

Translation: Therefore, the state is the heaviest burden, and it will not be consolidated without relying on the methods accumulated over a long period of time to maintain it. The country is renewed from generation to generation, but this is only a change in the ruler, not a fundamental change, just a change in Peiyu and a change in the way it is. So the years are as short as the morning sun, and life is as short as a day, but there is a country of a thousand years, why? He replied: It is because it has been maintained by the trustworthy laws of the thousands of years, and because the disciples who have had a thousand years of integrity have governed it. People do not have a hundred years of life, but there are thousands of years of honest people, why? The answer is: To restrain oneself with a thousand years of Dharma is a man of integrity for a thousand years. Therefore, a gentleman who has accumulated etiquette and righteousness can rule the country and become a king, a person who is honest and trustworthy with the same can rule the country can dominate the country, and a person who plays with power and conspiracy to frame others will rule the country and perish. In these three cases, the wise monarch must choose carefully, and the benevolent must understand. Those who are good at choosing can subdue others, and those who are not good at choosing will be subdued by others.

He who holds the country must not be alone, but the strong honor and disgrace lies in taking advantage of each other. The body can be able to be the king, and the king is like that. Those who cannot know fear and seek energy are strong. Those who cannot be physically, who do not know fear and seek power, will be used by those who are close to each other, and those who are in danger will die. The country, the great use is big, the small use is small, the big and the king, the small and the dead, the small and the giant diverters exist. The great use is also the first righteousness and then the peace, the peace does not sympathize with the relatives, does not sympathize with the nobles, only the sincere can ask, the husband is said to be the great use. Those who use it small are first profitable and then righteous, and those who do not sympathize with right and wrong, do not cure the right and wrong, but use it only for those who are close to each other than themselves, and the husband is said to be used for small purposes. If the one who uses it is great, if it is used for small purposes, if it is like this, if it is like this, if it is like this, if it is like this, if it is also like this. Therefore, it is said that the pure and the king, the fierce and the hegemonic, and none of them die. This is also true.

Translation: The monarch who controls the country must not be alone, and since this is the case, then the rise and fall of the country and the glory and disgrace of the country lies in the choice of the state minister. He has the ability, the minister of state also has the ability, and a monarch like this can claim the king of the world. You can be capable, but you know that you are afraid and seek those who are capable, like a monarch, the country can be strong. If you are incapable of yourself, and you do not know how to be afraid to seek those who are capable, you only know how to appoint favored courtiers, and those who are close to you, like this monarch, the country will be dangerously weakened, and it will perish when it reaches the extreme. The state, governing from the large aspect, is strong, governing from the small aspect is weak, very strong is called king, very weak will perish, and the small and the large will survive. To govern the country from a large aspect, first emphasize etiquette and then talk about interests, regardless of whether it is relatives or aliens, regardless of whether it is noble or inferior, and only appoint truly talented people, this is called governing the country from a large aspect. To govern the country from a small aspect, first talk about interests and then talk about etiquette, regardless of right and wrong, regardless of merit, only appoint petty people who are favored and those who are close to themselves on the left and right, which is called governing the country from a small aspect. Govern the country like that in the big way, in the small way govern the country like that, and the small and the big ones each account for half like that, and some like that. Therefore, it is said that those who govern the country purely from a large point of view are called kings, those who govern the country in a complicated way are hegemonic, and those who cannot do the same will perish. That's the point.

It is not right for the state to be rude. The reason why the etiquette is correct is also true, for example, juju weighs weight, Ju rope ink is straight, jude rules are also in Fang Yuanye, and both wrong and people can not be blamed. "Poetry" cloud: "Like the frost and snow will be, like the light of the sun and the moon, for it will exist, and if it is not, it will die." This is also true.

Translation: The state is not governed well without etiquette. The reason why Li came to govern the country is like a scale is used to measure weight, rope ink is used to distinguish between curves and straights, and rules are used to judge square circles. The Book of Verses says, "As common as frost and snow, as bright as the sun and the moon, practice it to exist, and if you do not practice it you perish." That's the point.