In the 1920s, Ibsen's "Doll's House" was becoming popular, and domestic writers began to pay keen attention to the fate of women.
In 1927, Ouyang Yuqian, known as the "father of modern Chinese drama", completed the five-act drama "Pan Jinlian", which was later adapted into Peking Opera (the stage was lost), and wrote and performed it herself, inviting Zhou Xinfang (as Wu Song), Tang Huaiqiu (as Uncle He Jiu), Gao Baishi (as Ximen Qing) and other famous actors to cooperate, which was a sensation.
For a hundred years, the atmosphere of overturning pan Jinlian's case began with this play.
Mr. Ouyang personally reversed the role of "Pan Jinlian". Through the old photos, you can still see Pan Jinlian looking at her uncle's eyes, and her eyes are like silk.
The whole drama begins after Pan Jinlian committed adultery with the butcher, and very creatively opened the curtain in the home of the former owner Zhang Dahu.
Zhang Dahu heard that she had become a widow, so he plotted to bring her back again.
From this, the story strings together four men in Pan Jinlian's life: Zhang Dahu (symbolizing power), Wu Da (symbolizing husband power), Wu Song (symbolizing etiquette), and Ximen Qing (symbolizing carnal desire).
From the introduction of several protagonists at the beginning of the script, it can be seen that it is completely different from the positioning of "Water Margin" as a classical novel:
Pan Jinlian - a woman with a strong personality and a clever and clever personality; Wu Song - a brave young man with a strong personality and deep old ethical concepts; Ximen Qing - a pretentious tyrant, a brave and lustful youth; Zhang Dahu - rich and powerful, old and ugly gentleman.
Although Wu Dalang did not appear in the play, he borrowed Pan Jinlian's mouth to say his evaluation of him: "Ugly and short, dirty and unproductive, and annoying, the first unformed Wu Da in Yanggu County", and, "Your brother is extraordinarily posing his husband's shelf to me, which makes me more annoyed by thousands of times!" ”
These words were all spoken in front of Wu Song's face.
Apparently, the four men Pan Jinlian met were all "made of mud under the feet" by the playwright, and they were either obscene sticks who regarded women as playthings or feudal defenders who trampled on women's dignity.
Pan Jinlian, on the other hand, became a representative of an awakened new woman, and was described as a rebel as "the oriental salome of bold love".
There are many refreshing plot designs in the play, such as Zhang Dahu finding Wang Po and asking her to persuade Pan Jinlian to "reform herself" and come back again, and Wang Po asked him to "raise his noble hand and let her go".
For example, when Wu Song asked "how did my brother die", Pan Jinlian replied, "The person who harmed your brother is Zhang Dahu", and then said, "The person who harmed your brother is you"!
That is to say, in the view of Pan Jinlian (playwright), the death of Wu Dahu, started by Zhang Dahu, fueled by Wu Song, and finally completed through Ximen Qing, and even Wu Dalang's blame was taken by himself.
The story skips the "killing husband" paragraph at the beginning, which in itself avoids Pan Jinlian's evil deeds, and the last scene of "killing his sister-in-law" is even designed to be Pan Jinlian's deliberate death, so that some people comment: If killing a husband is a suicidal "killing him", then killing a sister-in-law is a "he kills" type of suicide.
Su Qiong: A History Written by the Opposite Sex: < Pan Jinlian> From Ouyang Yuqian to Wei Minglun
The script also vigorously renders Pan Jinlian's love for Wu Song, and various bold and fanatical confessions reflect Wu Song's act of avenging his brother and become pale.
In the Peking Opera version of the performance, Pan Jinlian, played by Mr. Ouyang, also has such a line: "Good Erlang, you cut it slowly, so that I can get closer to you more", so that Wu Song, played by Zhou Xinfang, can only say "You love me, I love my brother".
Although the tone is still cut to the point and the pride is not reduced, who knows if it is hiding the panic in the heart?
In the face of such a beloved who has calmly suffered death, the sword of revenge will become powerless
Take some of the lines of Pan Jinlian in the script, and let's experience it:
What's so good about a man's home? It will only bully women! A woman's family has the ability to reach the heavens, and he will not let you go out! They had to play with it in their hands! Obedient children let men wear and die, only they are chaste and martyrs. The one who is tormented and does not die is an adulteress. Women who are unwilling to be tormented by men are sinners. I am a man of hell, and seeing you is like seeing the sun! I think the husband and wife are not compatible, what is the point of taking it apart and then matching it? It was adultery, but it was adultery, because I and I were not really in love. Cough, I'm crazy, I'm sick! I have run out of hope, what do I still care about myself? I'm willing to do his thing! In my lifetime, except for meeting Ximen Qing, I didn't even have the blessing of being a human being! Death is something that everyone has. Instead of being tortured to death, it is better to commit a crime, run into a disaster, and die a painful death! If you can die at the hands of a loved one, you will die willingly! Erlang, you want my head. Or do you want my heart? You want my heart, that's great! My heart has already been given to you, put here, you did not take it! Jiro you come and see! Snow-white chest, there is a very red and hot heart in it, you take it! I can't be with you in this life, and in the next life I will turn into a cow and peel my skin to make you boots! Turn into a silkworm and spit out silk to make clothes for you. You killed me, I still love you!
As soon as this drama came out, the subversion effect was huge.
In the 1928 shanghai pictorial drama review, it said:
"A young woman who was frustrated by marriage and had a deep affection for her, she washed away the vicious and vicious crimes that Yi handed down." "After watching the drama so far, I don't feel that Pan Jinlian's hatefulness can be killed, but I feel that Pan Jinlian's pity is pitiful."
Mr. Tian Han even praised it vigorously: "From his pen, he spit out the first grievances for women under the cruel and deep feudal oppression", and said that "Pan Jinlian" is a sharp blade for the playwright to stab at the feudal orthodoxy.
To this day, when some people evaluate this play, they also compare Pan Jinlian's killing behavior with Tess's killing of Clay, "She sacrificed others and self-sacrifice." She was good lying on the altar of love, but before the social court, she was evil. ”
Liu Zaifu: "Personality Combination Theory"
Related posters and stills, from "Douban Movie"
In 1938, this work was written into a movie "Wu Song and Pan Jinlian", produced by Huaxin Film Company, written and directed by Wu Cun, Gu Lanjun as Pan Jinlian, Jin Yan as Wu Song, Liu Qiong as Ximen Qing, and the double film emperor joined, with a luxurious lineup.
The slogan is so explicit that it certainly cannot be tried now
It must be the scene of tearing open the chest
Add an anecdote:
At the end of April 1961, Beijing Renyi rearranged "Pan Jinlian", which Premier Zhou Enlai watched twice and held a symposium, which included the playwright Ouyang Yuqian (Mr. Ouyang served as the president of the Central Academy of Drama, and his son Mr. Ouyang Shanzun later served as the vice president of Beijing Renyi), the general director Jiao Juyin, and the actor.
At the meeting, many people pointed out that Pan Jinlian's killing of her husband was difficult to explain, and it was not always a good thing to kill an innocent person for her own liberation. Although the desire to be anti-feudal was expressed, the chosen subject matter could not accomplish this task.
Jiao Juyin said, "Who should be affirmed in this play?" Is it Wu Song or Pan Jinlian? The answer is never found. ”
Later, Ouyang Yuqian spoke herself, saying that "it is necessary to reconsider the theme of this play."
Finally, Premier Zhou concluded: Pan Jinlian is not a typical anti-feudal, and Ximen Qing's adulterous behavior is towards degeneration, she killed Wu Dalang as a working person, this kind of behavior has no way to make people sympathetic.
After the meeting, Beijing Renyi decided to stop performing "Pan Jinlian".
In April 1961, the Beijing Renyi version of the stills, dressed a lot more conservatively
#Pan Jinlian ##Water Margin##Four Great Masterpieces##Wusong##戏剧 #