The Qing Empire was the last feudal dynasty in China, with a land area of 14.7 million square kilometers, and in order to maintain such a huge land area, the Qing Empire set up eight governors and fourteen generals.
In 1755, after the Qing Empire completely recovered Xinjiang for the first time, it established the General's Palace in Ili, and the highest military commander was the President Ili and other generals, referred to as generals of Ili. The historical General Ili has great power and is China's highest military commander in Xinjiang.
In 1884, Xinjiang began to establish a province, General Ili once existed as the governor of Xinjiang, but soon the Qing government recognized the military role of Xinjiang Ili, so it restored General Ili after only one year, but General Ili mainly grasped the military of Xinjiang and played a constructive role in maintaining the territorial integrity of our country and promoting ethnic harmony.
There were 46 Ili generals and 33 Ili generals who made great contributions to maintaining the unity of the country and the integrity of the territory, and the last of them was named Zhirui. ZhiRui was not only a general of Ili, but his cousin was also a concubine of the Guangxu Emperor we are familiar with.
Zhi Rui can be said to be a son of a rich man, his Manchu surname is his Tara clan, and Zhi Rui's grandfather is Yu Tai, who was once the governor of Huguang and the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. However, Zhirui did not rely on the strength of his family to seek power. Zhi Rui was not a person who lay on the merit book of his ancestors like the Eight Flags disciples, but relied on his true talent and practical learning to pass the jinshi.
General Ili he ta la zhi rui
Less youthful maniacs
Zhi Rui's ability and level should belong to the level of Duan Fang in the entire Qing Dynasty, but Zhi Rui is not as sleek as Duan Fang, and capable people generally have tempers, and Zhi Rui is no exception. Zhi Rui is arrogant and arrogant, has a straight personality, and is outspoken every time he goes to the book, so he offends many powerful people, plus Zhenfei and Concubine Jin are not allowed to be treated by Empress Dowager Cixi, so even if Zhi Rui has great ability, he is always the target of suppression. In 1894, Zhirui was demoted from Rebbe Attendant to Counselor General of UriaSutai, and although nominally flat, Zhirui was in fact far from the center of power.
Chang Geng, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu
Meritorious but degraded
However, the outward Zhirui has a greater stage to show himself, and Zhirui himself has a good literary foundation, so on the way to office, he wrote what he saw, heard and felt in his heart into poems and compiled them into "Kuxuan Bamboo Branch Words", which are important materials for us to study the customs and customs of Mongolia and Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty.
Zhi Rui quickly showed his talent in his new post, and Zhi Rui was twice ordered to go to Si Yazi to meet with Russian officials to try the backlog of Sino-Russian border people disputes, and the speed of handling public cases was like Pang Tong in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", fast and accurate. It took less than half a year to clear the 20-year backlog of cases between China and Russia. Zhirui was also recognized by the then Ili general Chang Geng.
Although Zhirui had merit, Empress Dowager Cixi, who was far away in Beijing, believed that Zhirui belonged to Weng Tonghe's party, so Zhirui was demoted to the position of leader of the Solon battalion.
Xinjiang Shubian
Zhirui worked in Xinjiang for ten years, although the leader of the Solun battalion could not participate in politics, but Zhirui made a map of the Ili region of Xinjiang in his spare time. Although Zhirui could not participate in politics, Zhirui put forward three constructive suggestions based on what he had seen and heard in Xinjiang.
1, Manchu-Han integration, Manchu-Han contradiction is a relatively large ethnic contradiction in the Qing Dynasty, eliminating Manchu-Han contradictions so that Manchu-Han integration can be derived from the mouth of Manchu officials is not easy.
2. Strengthen northwestern defense. At that time, the northwest region was under the eyes of Britain and Russia, and Zhirui requested that strengthening the defense of the northwest to maintain China's military strength in the northwest was an important guarantee for maintaining the country's territorial integrity.
3. The disadvantages of foreigners' "travel". At that time, Xinjiang became a paradise for many foreign explorers, and both Russia and Britain were afraid of chaos in the world, carrying out cultural aggression, resource plunder, and even espionage. ZhiRui explained this problem in his article to Ma Liang.
Prince Regent Zaifeng
Went to Hangzhou
In 1908, Empress Dowager Cixi died, and ZhiRui, a capable official, was naturally valued by the newly formed Qing government. The regent Zaifeng made Zhirui a general in Hangzhou. At that time, zaixun and zaitao, the two people in power, both planned to adopt Zhirui for their own use, but Zhirui was not a party for personal gain.
During his stay in Hangzhou, Zhirui keenly discovered that Chinese coins had a high copper content, but the price of copper was also high, and the Japanese used this problem to buy copper coins from China, and then smelt copper in Japan and then sell them back to China.
Sophisticated Xinjiang civilian armed forces
Killed in Xinjiang
In 1911, Zhirui was transferred back to Xinjiang as a general of Ili because he had no party. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was on the verge of extinction, but Zhirui still came to Ili, Xinjiang.
In November 1911, Zhirui, who had just arrived in Ili for three months, received news of the Wuchang Uprising. Zhirui began to distrust the Xinjiang New Army, ordered the Manchu army and the Mongol army to enter the city, and planned to disband the Xinjiang New Army, but because there was no dissolution funding, the leader of the new army, Yang Miaoxu, had a great contradiction with Zhirui.
On January 7, 1912, an uprising broke out in Xinjiang, and the rebel army was captured the next day after a brief exchange of fire with Zhirui's guards. The rebel army and Yang Yixu planned to elect Zhirui as the governor of Xinjiang, but Zhirui's death did not follow, and he wanted to be a loyal vassal of the Qing Dynasty, and Zhirui's last words were"If I do what I do, I can't go to the Northern Imperial Court, Ancestor Chen, and die quickly." ZhiRui was then shot and killed by the rebels, and Zhirui's servant, the Han Chinese Lü Shun, came over to collect Zhirui's body, and when he saw Zhirui's corpse, he cried loudly and bitterly, and was also killed by the rebels.
By Word:
Zhirui is a capable and capable person, but although Zhirui does not flatter the powerful and powerful, although he is a model of Qingliu, he is doomed to make great achievements in the political arena at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Zhi Rui is Zhenfei's older brother, although he is not from Weng Tonghe and the same party, but he is also branded as an imperial party, so the more he does it, the more he will not be promoted. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, he still adhered to the political attitude of not surrendering to any political forces, so he fell to the fate of Xinjiang.